Ludwig Crüwell

Ludwig Crüwell (20 March 1892 – 25 September 1958) was a German army general who served in the Afrika Korps of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. Crüwell was captured by British forces on 29 May 1942 and was interned at Trent Park, the British camp for high-ranking POW where his conversations were subject to covert surveillance.

Career

Crüwell became commander of the 11th Panzer Division in August 1940 and led it during the Invasion of Yugoslavia; he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross afterwards. Then the division took part in Operation Barbarossa; he was promoted to Generalleutnant and received the Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross.

Crüwell became commander of the Afrika Korps on 31 July 1941, under General Erwin Rommel, who on the same day took command of Panzer Army Africa, consisting of one infantry and two panzer divisions. For health reasons he took actual command on 15 September, and was promoted to General der Panzertruppe on 17 December 1941.Template:Citation needed On 29 May 1942, Crüwell was inspecting operations by air in Libya. His pilot mistook British troops for Italian soldiers and landed, where Crüwell was taken prisoner.<ref>"A Pilot's Error Leads to Capture," Chillicothe Daily Tribune, June 2, 1942, p.6</ref>

Crüwell was interned at Trent Park to the north of London, known as the "Cockfosters Cage", a Combined Services Detailed Interrogation Centre for senior officers operated by MI19 and equipped with an "M Room" listening facility to secretly record and translate the conversations of the inmates.<ref>Fry 2020, pp. 22-23</ref> Here, on March 22, 1943, he was intentionally placed with another POW, General Wilhelm von Thoma. During their conversation, Thoma disclosed intelligence regarding the V-2 rocket, i.e., surprise that London was not yet in ruins from German rockets being tested at Kummersdorf test grounds he had visited. This led to the British investigating Peenemünde and following confirmation, carried out a bombing raid on the Peenemünde facilities which severely disrupted the program.<ref>PBS show "Secrets of the Dead," Episode "Bugging Hitler's Soldiers," transcript at PBS Template:Webarchive</ref>

Senior German officers at Trent Park in November 1943. Crüwell is in the front row, second from the left.

Crüwell led the pro-Nazi group of German officers at Trent park, who were outnumbered by those opposed to the regime.<ref>Fry 2020, p. 112</ref> The British intelligence files recorded in his character profile that "he tried to impress everyone with his own importance and knowledge, a trouble-maker and a bore".<ref>Fry 2020, p. 99</ref> In mid-1944, Crüwell was transferred to a facility in the United States.<ref>Fry 2020, p. 194</ref>

After the war Crüwell settled in Essen. He became Chairman of the Veterans Association of the Germany Africa Corps and died on 25 September 1958.

Awards

• Iron Cross (1914) 2nd Class (20 September 1914) & 1st Class (17 September 1916)<ref name="Thomas p106">Thomas 1997, p. 106.</ref>
• Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class 2nd Class (22 May 1940) & 1st Class (6 June 1940)<ref name="Thomas p106"/>
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
  • Knight's Cross on 14 May 1941 as Generalmajor and commander of the 11. Panzer-Division<ref name="Scherzer p263">Scherzer 2007, p. 263.</ref>
  • 34th Oak Leaves on 1 September 1941 as Generalleutnant and commander of the 11. Panzer-Division<ref name="Scherzer p263"/>

References

Citations Template:ReflistBibliography Template:Refbegin

• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book

External links

• Bugging Hitler’s Soldiers Template:Webarchive – Transcript of a PBS program, including quotations from Crüwell
• Template:Cite news