Mac OS X 10.0

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Mac OS X 10.0 (code named Cheetah) is the first major release of macOS, Apple's desktop and server operating system. It was released on March 24, 2001, for a price of $129 after a public beta.

Mac OS X was Apple's successor to the classic Mac OS. It was derived from NeXTSTEP and FreeBSD, and featured a new user interface called Aqua, as well as improved stability and security due to its new Unix foundations. It introduced the Quartz graphics rendering engine for hardware-accelerated animations. Many technologies were ported from the classic Mac OS, including Sherlock and the QuickTime framework. The core components of Mac OS X were open sourced as Darwin.

Boxed releases of Mac OS X 10.0 also included a copy of Mac OS 9.1,<ref name="cnet-missing">Template:Cite web</ref> which can be installed alongside Mac OS X 10.0, through the means of dual booting (which meant that reboots are required for switching between the two OSes). This was important for compatibility reasons: while many Mac OS 9 applications could be run under Mac OS X in the Classic environment, some, such as applications that directly accessed hardware, could only run under Mac OS 9.<ref name="cnet-missing" />

Six months after its release, Mac OS X 10.0 was succeeded by Mac OS X 10.1, code named Puma.

Development

Template:Expand section Two decades after its release, Bertrand Serlet, manager of OS X Platform Technology at Apple when the early releases of Mac OS X were being developed, admitted that this version of Mac OS X had a lot of performance issues, as the OS was very slow, and expensive, so that many customers would not buy it, and be disappointed. There was six months without any new features, which was spent on performance increases, culminating in 10.1.<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref><ref>Template:Cite interview</ref>

New and updated features

  • The features of the release include the Dock which was a new way of organizing one's Mac OS X applications on a user interface, and a change from the classic method of application launching in previous Mac OS systems.
  • It included Terminal, a terminal emulator that provides access to Mac OS X's Unix command-line interface; the classic Mac OS had previously had the distinction of being one of the few operating systems with no command line interface.
  • The new Mail email client included the ability to configure the software to receive all of a user's email accounts in one list, the ability to file emails into folders, the ability to search for emails, and the ability to automatically append signatures to outgoing emails.
  • The Address Book was a new application which had features including exporting and importing cards to and from vCard format, API to interface with other applications, change of address notifications, contact groups, auto-merge when importing vCards, customizable fields and categories, the automatic formatting of phone numbers.
  • TextEdit replaced the SimpleText application with new features.
  • PDF support was added; it allows the user to create PDFs from any application.
  • The OS introduced the new Aqua UI.
  • Several features of Mac OS 9 were ported to Mac OS X, including the Sherlock desktop and web search engine.

Removed features

Architecture

Mac OS X is built on Darwin, a Unix-like operating system derived from FreeBSD. Darwin includes a new kernel, XNU, derived from Mach and BSD, as a replacement for the Mac OS nanokernel used in classic Mac OS.

Unlike Mac OS 9, Mac OS X has protected memory and preemptive multitasking. This means that if an application's memory becomes corrupted due to a bug, the application will crash without the entire system crashing and needing to be rebooted.

Mac OS X also had support for OpenGL, AppleScript, and the Carbon and Cocoa APIs.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Language support

Mac OS X 10.0 began a short era (that ended with Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar's release) where Apple offered two types of installation CDs: 1Z and 2Z CDs. The difference in the two lay in the extent of multilingual support.

Input method editors of Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, and Korean were only included with the 2Z CDs. They also came with more languages (the full set of 15 languages), whereas the 1Z CDs came only with about eight languages and could not actually display simplified Chinese, traditional Chinese and/or Korean (except for the Chinese characters present in Japanese Kanji). A variant of 2Z CDs were introduced when Mac OS X v10.0.3 was released to the Asian market (this variant could not be upgraded to version 10.0.4). The brief period of multilingual confusion ended with the release of v10.2.Template:Citation needed Currently, all Mac OS X installer CDs and preinstallations include the full set of 15 languages and full multilingual compatibility.

Marketing

Mac OS X 10.0 was not externally marketed with its codename, a practice which began with Mac OS X Jaguar.

On March 21, 2001, three days before the official launch of the operating system, Apple made a newsroom press release, in which the company stated that Mac OS X 10.0 was "the world's most advanced operating system," because of the integration of UNIX within the operating system, combined with Mac OS X's large amount of applications that were designed for it, and its ease of use.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

On March 23, 2001, the night before the launch day, Apple hosted a launch party in a Micro Anvika store located at Tottenham Court Road, London.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Attendees were provided with live music, along with food and alcoholic beverages. The first 50 Mac OS X 10.0 customers of the participating stores in the UK, including the store hosting the launch party, would receive a free Apple Pro Mouse, while the next 100 customers would be given a commemorative Mac OS X T-shirt. These participating stores also provided demonstrations and offers for Mac products.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Similarly, an Apple Authorized Service Provider (known back then as an Apple Specialist), in Cupertino, California, held a launch party at midnight. The first 100 Mac OS X 10.0 customers would receive a free commemorative Mac OS X T-shirt.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On the day, the store was completely packed with customers and fans of Apple products. Steve Wozniak, one of the co-founders of Apple, also attended the launch party.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In the US, multiple Apple authorized resellers also held events on March 24–25, 2001, to coincide with Mac OS X's launch. For instance, Washington Apple Pi, a Mac user group, hosted a installation party where volunteers would install the new operating system for anybody who had purchased the operating system and brought their computer.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

A store located in Minneapolis reported that over 60% of their available Mac OS X stock was sold on launch day. Many users of PCs also reported that they would be buying a new Mac so that they could use the new operating system.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On April 3, 2001, Apple launched a bi-weekly email newsletter service named Mac OS X Product News that showcased the latest software for Mac OS X. The first issue of the newsletter included information about new versions of iTunes and iMovie that were compatible with the new operating system, along with details about printer drivers.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Three months after the operating system had released in May, Mac OS X 10.0 was featured in Worldwide Developers Conference in 2001. It showed computer programmers how the operating system worked, and expanded on why developers should "bet the future on X." They also announced a new version of the operating system, Mac OS X Server, which would serve as a "industrial-strength" machine that could host web servers and video services.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Reception

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With the release of Mac OS X 10.0, it saw mixed reception. Users praised the new Aqua interface and the straightforward installation of the operating system.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> However, users criticized the operating system for being slower than Mac OS 9, even on the same hardware.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> There were very few programs that had already been officially ported to Mac OS X 10.0 at launch, and older programs had to run in the Classic environment, a compatibility layer for Mac OS 9. In addition, the initial release did not have the ability to burn, or play CDs or DVDs, and printer driver support was limited.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The driver support issues were later addressed in a software update.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

Due to the problems that existed in Mac OS X 10.0, many Mac OS 9 users chose to not upgrade to the new version of the operating system. It was reported that 100,000 copies of the Mac OS X 10.0 public beta were sold, and more than 75,000 feedback entries were submitted.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> No official adoption numbers were stated by Apple until 8 months after the release of Mac OS X 10.1, where they stated that they had shipped over 3 million Macs with Mac OS X preinstalled.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

Release history

Version Build Date Darwin version Notes
10.0 4K78 March 24, 2001 1.3 Original retail CD-ROM release
10.0.1 4L13 April 14, 2001 1.3.1 Apple: Mac OS X 10.0: Software Update 1.3.1, 10.0.1 Update, and Epson Printer Driver Update Provide Feature Enhancement, Address Issues
10.0.2 4P12 May 1, 2001
10.0.3 4P13 May 9, 2001 Update and Before You Install Information
10.0.4 4Q12 June 21, 2001 Apple: 10.0.4 Update and Before You Install Information
4R14<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> July 18, 2001 For Quicksilver Power Mac G4
4S10 August 20, 2001<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> For Quicksilver Power Mac G4 (Dual 800 MHz)

System requirements

Timeline

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References

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