Maidan Wardak Province

Maidan Wardak, (PashtoTemplate:Efn; DariTemplate:Efn: Template:Nq) simply Wardak or Wardag (Pashto; Dari: Template:Nq),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the central region of Afghanistan. It is divided into eight districts and has a population of approximately 500,000.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=nsia>Template:Cite web</ref> The capital of the province is Maidan Shar, while the most populous district in the province is Saydabad District. Wardak is known for one of its famous high peak mountain known as (Shah Foladi). In 2021, the Taliban gained control of the province during the 2021 Taliban offensive. Wardak is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in central Afghanistan. Its capital is the closest provincial city to Kabul.

History

Template:History of Afghanistan Template:Further During the communist times, the people of Wardak never gave significant support to the communist government, but the people of its capital, Maidan Shahr did sympathize with them.<ref name=Elias>Template:Cite book</ref>

Wardak has also threatened uprisings against the Taliban in Saydabad,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> numerous schooling system approved by UNICEF set up in Saydabad District,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and the mayor of Maidan Shar (the capital of the province), was a elected mayor in 2019 as a woman, Zarifa Ghafari and was awarded the Woman of Courage Award of 2020.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This is why Wardak is considered as one of the most liberal provinces in Afghanistan, and because of its adjacent border with the biggest urban center in Afghanistan, Kabul Province. This also makes it one of the most liberal Pashtun provinces.

Wardak Province was significant during the Civil War in Afghanistan, due to its proximity to Kabul and its agricultural lands. Hezb-e Wahdat had a significant presence in the area. Most of the area was captured by the Taliban around winter 1995.<ref name="Elias" /> It remains a major Taliban travel route to Kabul with Maidan Shar a target for terror.

The security situation rapidly deteriorated in Wardak in 2008 and 2009. According to a report by Mohammad Osman Tariq Elias, both Logar and Wardak, by the end of 2008, were under de facto Taliban control.<ref name=Elias /> As of April 2009, the Ministry of the Interior (Afghanistan) had listed the entire province as "High Risk."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In October 2017, US Forces from elements of the 1st Battalion 87th Infantry Regiment and 10th Special Operations Group launched an offensive to wrest the province from Taliban control.

On 21 January 2019, a Taliban attack on a military base and police training center in the province resulted in 125 NDS officers killed. At least 30 people were reported to be injured. The attack came during a time of intense daily violence throughout the country.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

US Soldier in Wardak Province in 2011

Geography

The mountains around Wardak province, Afghanistan, are covered with snow after a two-day snow storm, 25 November 2009

Wardak province is located in the central and eastern region of Afghanistan; bordering Parwan to the northeast, Kabul and Logar to the east, Ghazni to the south and Bamyan to the west. The capital of Wardak province is Maidan Shar, which is located about 35 km from Kabul. Wardak province covers an area of 9,934 km². It is mountainous like the rest of the country with plains and many valleys, such as the Tangi Valley. The majority of its residents live in rural areas. The most heavily populated areas are along the Kabul–Kandahar Highway. The rest of the province is thinly populated, with villages concentrated in areas with available irrigation and water sources (CSO and UNFPA, 2003). Famous passes include the Unai Pass and the Hajigak Pass.

Economics and industry

Template:Unreferenced section In terms of industry, one marble factory is working in the province, and there are marble mines in the provincial center and Sayed Abad District although no mining is currently undertaken there due to the government ban. The majority of commercial activity in Maidan Shahr. Wardak is related to trade in agricultural and livestock products, although stone quarrying is also a growing business in the area. The people from Maidan Shahr are also experts in karez cleaning and repair and go to other parts of the country for this purpose. In Wardak, there are many natural resources like petroleum, iron, rubies, and emeralds.

Agriculture is a major source of revenue for 43% of households in Wardak province. Four-fifths (79%) of rural households own or manage agricultural land or garden plots in the province. However, nearly a quarter (24%) of households in the province derive income from trade and services, and around half (45%) of households earn some income through non-farm related labor.

Education

A school being renovated in the Jalrez District of Wardak province in 2009

The overall literacy rate in Wardak province is 25%. There are around 251 primary and secondary schools in the province catering for 105,358 students. There are 2909 teachers teaching in these schools.<ref name="mrrd">Template:Cite web</ref>

Demographics

Districts of Wardak province

As of 2021, the total population of Wardak province is about 671,817.<ref name=nsia /> The province is predominantly Pashtun and Hazaras with Tajiks making up most of the remainder of the population. The Tajiks live primarily in northern districts of the province while the Hazaras live in the western part of the province and the Pashtuns live in the south and east. The province also has a small population of Qizilbash.<ref name="understandingwar">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="nps">Template:Cite web</ref>

Districts

Districts of Wardak Province

District	Capital	Population<ref name=nsia />	Area<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	Pop. density	NotesTemplate:Efn
Chak Wardak	Chak Wardak	95,392	1,153	83	Predominantely Pashtuns.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Theses and Dissertations">Template:Cite web</ref>
Day Mirdad	Miran	35,075	976	36	63% Pashtuns, 37% Hazaras.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Hisa-I-Awali Bihsud		41,850	1,406	30	Majority Hazaras, minority Pashtun Kuchis.
Jaghatu		51,682	595	87	100% Pashtuns.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Shifted from Ghazni Province in 2005.
Jalrez		59,920	1,182	51	Majority Hazaras, minority Pashtuns, few Tajiks.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Markazi Bihsud	Behsud	134,852	3,616	37	Predominantly Hazaras.
Maidan Shar	Maidan Shar	45,787	211	217	85% Pashtuns, 14% Tajiks, 1% Hazaras.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Nirkh		64,436	530	122	80% Pashtuns, 15% Tajiks, 5% Hazaras.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Saydabad	Saydabad	131,264	1,130	116	Predominantely Pashtuns.<ref name="Theses and Dissertations"/>
Wardak		660,258	10,348	64	63.9% Pashtuns (62.0% Pashtun tribes, 1.9% Kochis), 33.5% Hazaras, 2.5% Tajiks.

See also

• Wardak (Pashtun tribe)
• Provinces of Afghanistan

External links

• Wardak Province by the Institute for the Study of War
• Wardak Province by the Naval Postgraduate School