Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award

Template:Short description Template:About Template:Infobox sports awardThe Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. The award has been presented by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) since 1931.

History

Since 1931, the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) has bestowed a most valuable player award to a player in the National League and a player in the American League. Before 1931, two similar awards were issued: the League Award was issued during 1922–1928 in the American League and during 1924–1929 in the National League.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During 1911–1914, the Chalmers Award was issued to a player in each league.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Criteria and a list of winners for these two earlier awards are detailed in below sections.

MVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961.<ref name="ESPN">Gillette & Palmer, pp. 1764–1765</ref> The BBWAA does not offer a clear-cut definition of what "most valuable" means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>For the definition that appears on the BBWAA ballot (including pitchers and designated hitters), go to Voting FAQ and scroll down. Baseball Writers' Association of America. Retrieved November 7, 2016.</ref>

In 1944, the award was named after Kenesaw Mountain Landis, the first Commissioner of Baseball, who served from 1920 until his death on November 25, 1944.<ref name=LandisNBHoF>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ESPN 1763">Template:Cite book</ref> Formally named the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award, that naming appeared on a plaque given to winning players.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Starting in 2020, Landis' name no longer appears on the MVP plaque,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> after the BBWAA received complaints from several former MVP winners about Landis' role against the integration of MLB.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

First basemen, with 35 winners, have won the most MVPs among infielders, followed by second basemen (16), third basemen (15), and shortstops (15). Of the 25 pitchers who have won the award, 15 are right-handed while 10 are left-handed. Walter Johnson, Carl Hubbell, and Hal Newhouser are the only pitchers who have won multiple times, with Newhouser winning consecutively in 1944 and 1945.<ref name="BD 2000">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Hank Greenberg, Stan Musial, Alex Rodriguez, Robin Yount, and Shohei Ohtani have won at different positions,<ref name="BD 2000"/> while Rodriguez is the only player who has won the award with two different teams at two different positions, and Ohtani the only one to do it at two positions in the same season (twice).<ref name="Rodriguez">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Rodriguez and Andre Dawson are the only players to win the award while on a last-place team, the 2003 Texas Rangers and 1987 Chicago Cubs, respectively. Barry Bonds has won the most often (seven times) and the most consecutively (four from 2001 to 2004).<ref name="Bonds">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Jimmie Foxx was the first player to win multiple times.<ref name="Foxx">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ten players have won three times, and 19 have won twice.<ref name="winner list">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Frank Robinson and Shohei Ohtani are the only players to win the award in both the American and National Leagues, with Ohtani being the first to win in both leagues in consecutive seasons.

The award's only tie occurred in the National League in 1979, when Keith Hernandez and Willie Stargell received an equal number of points.<ref name="BD 2000"/><ref name="1979 awards">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There have been 23 unanimous winners, who received all the first-place votes.<ref name="ESPN"/> The New York Yankees have the most winning players with 24, followed by the St. Louis Cardinals with 21 winners. The award has never been presented to a member of the following three teams: Arizona Diamondbacks, New York Mets, and Tampa Bay Rays.

In recent decades, pitchers have rarely won the award. When Ohtani won the AL award in 2021, he became the first pitcher in either league to be named the MVP since Clayton Kershaw in 2014, and the first in the American League since Justin Verlander in 2011. Ohtani also became the first two-way player to win the award <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and in 2023, he became the first player in MLB history to win MVP by unanimous vote twice.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Since the creation of the Cy Young Award in 1956, he is the only pitcher to win an MVP award without winning a Cy Young in the same year (Don Newcombe, Sandy Koufax, Bob Gibson, Denny McLain, Vida Blue, Rollie Fingers, Willie Hernández, Roger Clemens, Dennis Eckersley, Verlander, and Kershaw all won a Cy Young award in their MVP seasons). Ohtani is also the only MVP winner to have played most of his games as a designated hitter (DH), a position that normally does not contribute on defense. In 2024, after winning his third career unanimous MVP award, Ohtani became the first MVP winner to have played exclusively as a DH in a season. To date, Ohtani is the only player to win both the MVP and the Edgar Martínez Award, an award given to the most outstanding DH in a season.

There was no award given by either league in 1930, which meant that one of the single greatest performances ever went unheralded when Hack Wilson of the Chicago Cubs set the current MLB record for RBI with 191.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He also batted .356 and set the NL record with 56 HRs, a record which stood for 68 years until Mark McGwire (70) and Sammy Sosa (66) both eclipsed him.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Key

Year	Links to the article about the corresponding Major League Baseball season
Template:Dagger	Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame as a player<ref name="Espn HOF">Gillette & Palmer, pp. 1755–1760</ref><ref name="HOF">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
^	Player is still activeTemplate:Ref label
§	Unanimous selectionTemplate:Ref label<ref name="ESPN"/>
Player Template:Small	Denotes winning player and number of times they had won the award at that point
*	Team won the league pennant
P	Pitcher (RHP indicates right-handed; LHP indicates left-handed)
C	Catcher
1B	First baseman
2B	Second baseman
3B	Third baseman
SS	Shortstop
OF	Outfielder
DH	Designated hitter

Chalmers Award (1911–1914)

Ty Cobb looking just to the left of the camera.

Ty Cobb won the first American League Chalmers Award in 1911 and was at the center of the controversy over the previous season's award.

Before the 1910 season, Hugh Chalmers of Chalmers Automobile announced he would present a Chalmers Model 30 automobile to the player with the highest batting average in Major League Baseball at the end of the season. The 1910 race for best average in the American League was between the Detroit Tigers' widely disliked<ref name="ESPN"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ty Cobb and Nap Lajoie of the Cleveland Indians. On the last day of the season, Lajoie overtook Cobb's batting average with seven bunt hits against the St. Louis Browns.<ref name="LoC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> American League President Ban Johnson said a recalculation showed that Cobb had won the race anyway, and Chalmers ended up awarding cars to both players.<ref name="ESPN"/>

In the following season, Chalmers created the Chalmers Award. A committee of baseball writers was to convene after the season to determine the "most important and useful player to the club and the league." Since the award was not as effective at advertising as Chalmers had hoped, it was discontinued after 1914.<ref name="ESPN"/>

Year	American League winner	Team	Position	National League winner	Team	Position	Ref
Template:Mlby	Template:SortTemplate:Dagger§	Detroit Tigers	OF	Template:Sort	Chicago Cubs	OF	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Mlby	Template:SortTemplate:Dagger	Boston Red Sox	OF	Template:Sort	Template:Sort*	2B	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Mlby	Template:SortTemplate:Dagger	Template:Sort	RHP	Template:Sort	Brooklyn Superbas	1B	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Mlby	Template:SortTemplate:Dagger	Template:Sort*	2B	Template:SortTemplate:Dagger	Template:Sort*	2B	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

League Awards (1922–1929)

A man in full baseball attire wears a pinstriped jersey and a hat with overlapping white "N" and "Y". Looking to the left of the camera, he is holding a baseball upward.

Babe Ruth was ineligible for the award in his famous 1927 season by the rules of the American League award because he had previously won in 1923.

In 1922, the American League created a new award to honor "the baseball player who is of the greatest all-around service to his club."<ref name="A-Rod">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Winners, voted on by a committee of eight baseball writers chaired by James Crusinberry,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> received a bronze medal and a cash prize.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Voters were required to select one player from each team, and player-coaches and prior award winners were ineligible. Famously, these criteria resulted in Babe Ruth winning only a single MVP award before it was dropped after 1928. The National League award, without these restrictions, lasted from 1924 to 1929.<ref name="ESPN"/> In 1929, The Sporting News began awarding The Sporting News Most Valuable Player Award, albeit with the first year being for the American League only. The voting system from before also did their own balloting on an unofficial level. Lew Fonseca was voted unofficial AL MVP while Al Simmons won The Sporting News MVP. The 1930 season saw unofficial votes for both leagues alongside the Sporting News doing their own awards. Joe Cronin and Bill Terry were voted the Sporting News MVP while Cronin and Hack Wilson won the unofficial BBWAA vote. Famously, the Hall of Fame plaques for both Cronin and Terry mention them as the Most Valuable Player in 1930.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Year	American League winner	Team	Position	National League winner	Team	Position	Ref
Template:Mlby	Template:SortTemplate:Dagger	Template:Sort	1B	—	Template:Sort	Template:Sort	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Mlby	Template:SortTemplate:Dagger§	New York Yankees*	OF	—	Template:Sort	Template:Sort	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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Template:Mlby	—	Template:Sort	Template:Sort	Template:SortTemplate:Dagger Template:Small	Chicago Cubs*	2B	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

BBWAA Most Valuable Player (1931–present)

The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) was first awarded the modern MVP after the 1931 season, adopting the format the National League used to distribute its league award. One writer in each city with a team filled out a ten-place ballot, with ten points for the recipient of a first-place vote, nine for a second-place vote, and so on. In 1938, the BBWAA raised the number of voters to three per city and gave 14 points for a first-place vote. The only significant change since then occurred in 1961 when the number of voters was reduced to two per league city.<ref name="ESPN"/>

A man is pictured from his belt up looking to the left of the camera. His button-down baseball jersey says "RED SOX" across it and he is wearing a baseball hat with a "B".

Hall of Famer Jimmie Foxx was the first player to win three MVP awards.

File:Hank Greenberg 1937 cropped.jpg

Hall of Famer and two-time MVP Hank Greenberg was the first player to win the award at two different fielding positions (1B and OF).

File:Jim Konstanty.jpg

Jim Konstanty, to date the only National League relief pitcher to be named MVP, won it in 1950.

The face of a dark-skinned man who is smiling widely. The letters "S" and "F" overlap on his hat.

Hall of Famer Willie Mays won the award in 1954 and 1965 with the same team in different cities.

File:Frank Robinson 1961.jpg

Hall of Famer Frank Robinson is the first player to win the award in both leagues (NL in 1961 and AL in 1966).

An African-American man looks just right off the camera. His helmet and white jersey both have an orange "S" over the "F" logo on them. The man's left arm is crossed over his body and his right is out of the picture. There is a black and orange glove on his left hand.

Barry Bonds' seven MVPs are the most for any individual player.

A Hispanic man walking while shouting at someone out of the picture. His helmet is emblazoned with a white "N" and "Y" intertwined, and "NEW YORK" is stitched in black letters across his button-down jersey. The player is holding a black baseball bat almost vertically with black, gray, and white gloves.

Alex Rodriguez won the award with two different teams at two different positions.

A right-handed batter is at the plate, looking toward the pitcher's mound. Wearing a red uniform and white pants, there is a crowd behind him with jerseys of various colors.

Albert Pujols won the award three times, at first base with the St. Louis Cardinals.

File:Miguel Cabrera batting against Angels (2012-09-09).JPG

Miguel Cabrera was the winner of back-to-back AL Awards from 2012 to 2013.

File:Mike Trout 2018.jpg

Mike Trout won the award three times.

File:Dodgers at Nationals (53677192000) (cropped).jpg

Shohei Ohtani is currently the only player to win the award four times by unanimous vote and the only player to win multiple MVP's in each league.

Year	American League winner	Team	Position	National League winner	Team	Position	Ref
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				Template:Sortname†Template:Ref label	Pittsburgh Pirates*	1B
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Template:MLB Year	Template:Sortname^	Houston Astros*	2B	Template:Sortname^	Miami Marlins	OF	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:MLB Year	Template:Sortname^	Boston Red Sox*	OF	Template:Sortname^	Milwaukee Brewers	OF	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:MLB Year	Template:Sortname^ (3)	Los Angeles Angels	OF	Template:Sortname^	Los Angeles Dodgers	OF	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:MLB Year	Template:Sortname	Chicago White Sox	1B	Template:Sortname^	Atlanta Braves	1B	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:MLB Year	Template:Sortname^§	Los Angeles Angels	RHP/DH	Template:Sortname^ (2)	Philadelphia Phillies	OF	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:MLB Year	Template:Sortname^	New York Yankees	OF	Template:Sortname^	St. Louis Cardinals	1B	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:MLB Year	Template:Sortname^§ (2)	Los Angeles Angels	RHP/DH	Template:Sortname^§	Atlanta Braves	OF	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:MLB Year	Template:Sortname^§ (2)	New York Yankees*	OF	Template:Sortname^§ (3)	Los Angeles Dodgers*	DH	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:MLB Year	Template:Sortname^ (3)	New York Yankees	OF	Template:Sortname^§ (4)	Los Angeles Dodgers*	RHP/DH	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Multiple MVP winners

Player	# of Awards	Years
Template:Sortname	7	1990, 1992, 1993, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
Template:Sortname	4	2021, 2023, 2024, 2025
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger	3	1951, 1954, 1955
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1951, 1953, 1955
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1939, 1941, 1947
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1932, 1933, 1938
Template:Sortname		2022, 2024, 2025
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1956, 1957, 1962
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1943, 1946, 1948
Template:Sortname		2005, 2008, 2009
Template:Sortname		2003, 2005, 2007
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1980, 1981, 1986
Template:Sortname		2014, 2016, 2019
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger	2	1958, 1959
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1970, 1972
Template:Sortname		2012, 2013
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1928, 1934
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1927, 1936
Template:Sortname		1996, 1998
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1935, 1940
Template:Sortname		2015, 2021
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1925, 1929
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1933, 1936
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1913, 1924
Template:Sortname		1960, 1961
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1954, 1965
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1975, 1976
Template:Sortname		1982, 1983
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1944, 1945
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1983, 1991
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1961, 1966
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1993, 1994
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1946, 1949
Template:Sortname Template:Dagger		1982, 1989

Wins by team

Teams	Awards	Years
New York Yankees	25	1923, 1927, 1936, 1939, 1941–1943, 1947, 1950, 1951, 1954–1957, 1960–1963, 1976, 1985, 2005, 2007, 2022, 2024, 2025
St. Louis Cardinals	21	1925, 1926, 1928, 1931, 1934, 1937, 1942–1944, 1946, 1948, 1964, 1967, 1968, 1971, 1979, 1985, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2022
Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers	16	1913, 1924, 1941, 1949, 1951, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1962, 1963, 1974, 1988, 2014, 2019, 2024, 2025
New York/San Francisco Giants	14	1912, 1933, 1936, 1954, 1965, 1969, 1989, 1993, 2000–2004, 2012
Philadelphia/Oakland Athletics	13	1914, 1928, 1931–1933, 1952, 1971, 1973, 1988, 1990, 1992, 2000, 2002
Cincinnati Reds	12	1938–1940, 1961, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1975–1977, 1995, 2010
Detroit Tigers		1911, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1940, 1944, 1945, 1968, 1984, 2011–2013
Boston Red Sox		1912, 1938, 1946, 1949, 1958, 1967, 1975, 1978, 1986, 1995, 2008, 2018
Chicago Cubs	11	1911, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1952, 1958, 1959, 1984, 1987, 1998, 2016
Boston/Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves	9	1914, 1947, 1957, 1982, 1983, 1991, 1999, 2020, 2023
Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins	8	1913, 1924, 1925, 1965, 1969, 1977, 2006, 2009
Pittsburgh Pirates		1927, 1960, 1966, 1978, 1979, 1990, 1992, 2013
Philadelphia Phillies		1932, 1950, 1980, 1981, 1986, 2006, 2007, 2021
California/Anaheim/Los Angeles Angels	7	1979, 2004, 2014, 2016, 2019, 2021, 2023
Baltimore Orioles/St. Louis Browns	6	1922, 1964, 1966, 1970, 1983, 1991
Texas Rangers		1974, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2010
Milwaukee Brewers	5	1981, 1982, 1989, 2011, 2018
Chicago White Sox		1959, 1972, 1993, 1994, 2020
Cleveland Indians / Guardians	3	1926, 1948, 1953
Seattle Mariners	2	1997, 2001
Toronto Blue Jays		1987, 2015
Houston Astros		1994, 2017
Kansas City Royals	1	1980
San Diego Padres		1996
Colorado Rockies		1997
Washington Nationals		2015
Miami Marlins		2017
Arizona Diamondbacks	0	none
New York Mets		none
Tampa Bay Rays		none

See also

• "Players Choice Awards" Player of the Year (in MLB; all positions) (there are also Outstanding Player and Outstanding Pitcher awards (in each league))
• Baseball America Major League Player of the Year (in MLB; all positions)
• Baseball Digest Player of the Year (in MLB; position players only; from 1969 to 1993, included all positions; in 1994, a separate Pitcher of the Year award was added)
• Best Major League Baseball Player ESPY Award (in MLB; all positions)
• "GIBBY/Esurance MLB Awards" Best Major Leaguer (in MLB; all positions) (there are also Best Hitter and Best Pitcher awards) (discontinued in 2017)
• The Sporting News Most Valuable Player Award (in each league) (discontinued in 1946)
• The Sporting News Player of the Year (in MLB; position players only)
• List of Major League Baseball awards
• Baseball awards

Notes

• Template:Note label A player is considered inactive if he has announced his retirement or has not played for a full season.
• Template:Note label A unanimous victory indicates that the player received all possible first-place votes.
• Template:Note label Torre is a member of the Hall of Fame, but not as a player. He was inducted in Template:Bhofy as a manager.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Template:Note label Hernandez and Stargell both received 216 points in the 1979 voting.<ref name="1979 awards"/>

External links

• Most Valuable Player MVP Awards & Cy Young Awards Winners (1911–present) (and "Multiple Winners of the MVP and Cy Young Awards"). Baseball Reference. Retrieved 2016-11-07.