Malietoa Tanumafili II

Malietoa Tanumafili II Template:Postnominals (4 January 1913 – 11 May 2007) was a Samoan paramount chief and politician who was O le Ao o le Malo (head of state) of Samoa from its independence in 1962, and the holder of the Malietoa title from 1940, until his death in 2007.

After becoming the Malietoa, he worked as a civil servant and parliamentarian. When the state of Western Samoa was founded in 1962, gaining independence from New Zealand, he became joint head of state with Tupua Tamasese Meaʻole, who died on 15 April 1963, after which he remained the office's sole occupant until his own death.<ref>Western Samoa Products and English, Samoan Languages Template:Webarchive</ref>

Early life

Tanumafili was born on 4 January 1913Template:Efn as the son and third child of his parents, Malietoa Tanumafili I and Momoe Lupeuluiva Meleisea.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

He inherited the royal title of Malietoa in 1940, following the 1939 death of his father, Malietoa Tanumafili I,<ref name="Photos">Template:Cite news</ref> though some media reports claim that he received the title of Malietoa in 1939. The Malietoa is one of the four tamaʻāiga (maximal lineage) titles, alongside the Tupua Tamasese, Mataʻafa and Tuimalealiʻifano.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

He was educated at the government-run Leififi School in Samoa. He went on to enroll at St. Stephen's School and Wesley College in Pukekohe, both of which are in New Zealand.<ref name="Honolulu">Template:Cite news</ref>

Early public career

Soon after becoming Malietoa, he was appointed a special adviser (Template:Lang) to the New Zealand administration over Samoa.<ref name="Photos" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During his earlier career, he worked for several years alongside Tupua Tamasese Meaʻole, serving in multiple conventions related to constitutional reform as part of the transition to independence. Both were also members of the Legislative Assembly before their resignation in 1957.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 1959, Malietoa was appointed joint chairman of a working committee which advised New Zealand lawyers on drafting the Samoan constitution.<ref name=":1" />

O le Ao o le Malo (1962–2007)

Upon Samoa's independence in 1962, Malietoa and Tupua Tamasese became O Ao o le Malo, the heads of state of Samoa jointly appointed under the constitution for a lifetime term. When Tupua Tamasese died sixteen months later in April 1963, Malietoa became the sole head of state.<ref name="Econ">Template:Cite news</ref>

Malietoa travelled extensively as O le Ao o le Malo. He conducted state visits to the People's Republic of China in September 1976 and to Australia in April 1978.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He also visited Fiji, Tonga, Nauru, Hawaii, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and West Germany. He was among the foreign dignitaries who attended the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles and the funeral of Japanese Emperor Shōwa in 1989.<ref name="Honolulu" /><ref name=":0" /> He was a frequent guest at the birthday celebrations of Tonga's King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV and Flag Day celebrations in American Samoa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1999, amid the fallout from the murder of a reformist politician and cabinet minister, Luagalau Levaula Kamu, Malietoa commuted the death sentences which were handed out to the two perpetrators to life imprisonment, and reportedly also visited them in prison.<ref name=":1" /> On 9 August 2004, he bestowed the chiefly Seiuli title upon professional wrestler and actor Dwayne Johnson, when the latter visited Samoa with his mother Ata Maivia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Death

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Malietoa died at the age of 94 on 11 May 2007 after being treated for pneumonia, and was buried on 18 May.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His death triggered the first election for an O le Ao o le Malo in Samoa's post-independence history as required by the constitution.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Honours and legacy

In 1953, Malietoa was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1959.<ref name=":1" /> In 1977, Elizabeth II visited Samoa for a single day as part of her tour of the South Pacific on board the Royal Yacht Britannia. While in Samoa, she presented Malietoa with the Collar Badge and Star of a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Malietoa was appointed to the Medal of the Grand Order of Samoa on 3 January 2001.<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Malietoa is often credited for providing much of the stability that Samoa has enjoyed post independence.<ref name="Econ" />

Personal life

Malietoa was an active athlete during his younger years. His favourite sports included boxing, rugby and cricket.<ref name="Honolulu" /> Malietoa's interest in sports continued throughout his life and he was an avid golfer well into his nineties. He could often be seen driving his golf cart around Samoa.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Econ" />

In 1973, he converted to the Baháʼí Faith. He was the first serving head of state to be a member of the religion.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1976, he visited the graveside of Shoghi Effendi, first and last Guardian of the Baháʼí Administrative Order, in London.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> In 1979 he laid the foundational cornerstone of the Baháʼí House of Worship in Tiapapata, eight kilometres from the capital of Apia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The temple was subsequently dedicated by him at completion in 1984.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> While still adhering to the Baháʼí Faith, Malietoa continued to acknowledge the Christian tradition within his family dating back to 1830.<ref name=":1" />

Malietoa married twice, first to Lili Tunu in 1940, and to Tiresa Patu Tauvela Hunter in 1962.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> His first wife died in 1986.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":3">Template:Cite news</ref> He had eleven children, including Papaliʻi Laupepa, Malietoa Mōli II and Papaliʻi Momoe Von Reiche, of whom two sons and two daughters survived him when he died.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} Profile</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

External links

• New Zealand Order of Merit Roll
• Photograph taken in 2006

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