Marburgvirus
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The genus Marburgvirus is the taxonomic home of Marburg marburgvirus, whose members are the two known marburgviruses, Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV). Both viruses cause Marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever.<ref name=Spickler>Template:Cite web</ref> Both are select agents,<ref name=SelectAgents>Template:Cite web</ref> World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogens (requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment),<ref name=BMBL5>Template:Cite web</ref> National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogens,<ref name=PriorityPathogens>Template:Cite web</ref> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agents,<ref name=CategoryBioterrorism>Template:Cite web</ref> and are listed as Biological Agents for Export Control by the Australia Group.<ref name=AustraliaGroup>Template:Cite web</ref>
Use of term
The genus Marburgvirus is a virological taxon included in the family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales.<ref name=KuhnArch>Template:Cite journal</ref> The genus currently includes a single virus species, Marburg marburgvirus.<ref name=KuhnArch/> The members of the genus (i.e. the actual physical entities) are called marburgviruses.<ref name=KuhnArch/> The name Marburgvirus is derived from the city of Marburg in Hesse, West Germany (where Marburg virus was first discovered), and the taxonomic suffix -virus (which denotes a virus genus). Even though the virus was named after the city of Marburg, Dr. Ana Gligić, lead virologist at a laboratory in Belgrade, was first who managed to isolate the virus.<ref name=KuhnArch/><ref name="Note">NOTE: Marburgvirus is pronounced Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell, and Marburg marburgvirus is pronounced Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell. According to the rules for taxon naming established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the name Marburg marburgvirus is always to be capitalized, italicized, never abbreviated, and to be preceded by the word "species". The names of its members (Marburg marburgviruses) are to be capitalized, are not italicized, and used without articles; according to Kuhn.</ref>
Previous designations
Until 1998, the family Filoviridae contained only one genus, Filovirus.<ref name=Kiley1982>Template:Cite journal</ref> Once it became clear that marburgviruses and ebolaviruses are fundamentally different, this genus was abolished and a genus "Marburg-like viruses" was established for marburgviruses.<ref name="Seventh"/><ref name=Pringle1998>Template:Cite journal</ref> In 2002, the genus name was changed to Marburgvirus,<ref name=Feldmann2005>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and in 2010 and 2011 the genus was emended.<ref name=KuhnArch/><ref name=Kuhn2011>Template:Cite book</ref>
Genus inclusion criteria
A virus that fulfills the criteria for being a member of the family Filoviridae is a member of the genus Marburgvirus if<ref name=KuhnArch/><ref name=Kuhn2011/>
- its genome has one gene overlap
- its fourth gene (GP) encodes only one protein (GP1,2) and cotranscriptional editing is not necessary for its expression
- peak infectivity of its virions is association with particles ≈665 nm in length
- its genome differs from that of Marburg virus by <50% at the nucleotide level
- its virions show almost no antigenic cross reactivity with ebolavirions
Genus organization
| Species name | Virus name (abbreviation) |
| Marburg marburgvirus | Marburg virus (MARV) |
| Ravn virus (RAVV) |
Marburg marburgvirus
The species was introduced in 1998 as Marburg virus.<ref name="Seventh">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=Pringle1998/>
Because of easy confusion with its virus member Marburg virus, the species name was changed to Lake Viktoria marburgvirus in 2005.<ref name=Feldmann2005/><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
In 2010, it was proposed to change the name to Marburg marburgvirus,<ref name=KuhnArch/> and this proposal was accepted in early 2012 by the ICTV.
Marburg marburgvirus (also referred to as Lake Victoria marburgvirus<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>) is a virological taxon (i.e. a man-made concept) included in the genus Marburgvirus, family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales. The species has two virus members, Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=KuhnArch/> The members of the species (i.e. the actual physical entities) are called Marburg marburgviruses.<ref name=KuhnArch/> The name Marburg marburgvirus is derived from the city of Marburg in Hesse, West Germany (where Marburg virus was first discovered), and the taxonomic suffix marburgvirus (which denotes a marburgvirus species).<ref name=KuhnArch/>
Species inclusion criteria
A virus that fulfills the criteria for being a member of the genus Marburgvirus is a member of the species Marburg marburgvirus if it has the properties of marburgviruses (because there is currently only marburgvirus species) and if its genome differs from that of Marburg virus (variant Musoke) by <30% at the nucleotide level.<ref name=KuhnArch/>