Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen

Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox royalty Maria Emanuel Prinz von Sachsen Herzog zu Sachsen, also self-styled Markgraf von Meißen (Margrave of Meissen),<ref name="website">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> (31 January 1926 – 23 July 2012) was the head of the House of Saxony.<ref>Adam Bilinski. Have Poles pretender for their throne? (polish) [in:] Verbum Nobile. Nr 17. 2008. p. 8</ref>

Life

Born at Prüfening Abbey in Regensburg, Bavaria, he was the eldest child of the then Hereditary Prince Frederick Christian of Saxony, later Margrave of Meissen, and Princess Elisabeth Helene of Thurn and Taxis. As German nobility had been constitutionally abolished in 1919,<ref name="Art. 109 WC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the hereditary titles of descendants of former nobility are unrecognized and instead incorporated into their surnames,<ref name="titles">In the Free State of Prussia the Gesetz über die Aufhebung der Standesvorrechte des Adels und die Auflösung der Hausvermögen ("Act on the abolition of the privileges of rank of the nobility and the dissolution of dynastic estates") of 23 June 1920 stipulated this in § 22 (cf. Gesetzsammlung für Preußen {Statute for Prussia}, No. 32 (1920), 22 July 1920, pp. 367–382).</ref> hence "Maria Emanuel Prinz von Sachsen Herzog zu Sachsen".<ref name="website"/>

At the age of 18, Maria Emanuel was imprisoned and sentenced to death for opposing Nazi rule. The death sentence, however, was commuted. He next had to escape from the approaching Soviets as his homeland, Saxony, became a part of communist East Germany in the Aftermath of World War II. After the war he moved to Switzerland where he began working in the financial services sector. Also being a talented painter Maria Emanuel had a number of his works exhibited.<ref>Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, Burke's Royal Families of the World, vol.1: Europe & Latin America, p.171</ref>

Although Marie Vassiltchikov recounts in her book The Berlin Diaries 1940–45 the story of the 16-year-old Maria Emanuel paying her a visit to seek her help in finding a bride, as he felt it was his dynastic obligation to start a family early,<ref>Marie Vassiltchikov. The Berlin Diaries 1940–1945, p. 71</ref> Emanuel would not in fact marry until his 37th birthday. His wife was Anastasia (born 1940), daughter of Eduard, Duke of Anhalt; they married (civ.) on 22 June 1962 in La Tour-de-Peilz and (rel.) on 31 January 1963 in Vevey, Switzerland. They had no children.Template:CN

Maria Emanuel became head of the former Royal House of Saxony upon the death of his father on 9 August 1968.

Succession

As Maria Emanuel fathered no legitimate children, he had acknowledged as his eventual heir Alexander Prinz von Sachsen, the son of his sister Anna and her late husband Robert Afif, Prince of Gessaphe (or "Assaphe"/"Afif-Assaf", descendants of a Lebanese Christian family which ruled the Keserwan, a province in north of Beirut).<ref name="petit">de Badts de Cugnac, Chantal. Coutant de Saisseval, Guy. Le Petit Gotha. Nouvelle Imprimerie Laballery, Paris 2002, p. 127 (French) Template:ISBN</ref><ref name="Huberty 1994 329, 357">Template:Cite book</ref> Maria Emanuel adopted Alexander on 1 June 1999, who had married Gisela of Bavaria in 1987. In 1997 the surviving male dynasts of the Albertine line of Wettins consented to the Margrave's decision,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Subsequently, his brother Albert stated that he no longer accepted the decision.Template:Citation needed

The royal line of the House of Wettin applies semi-salic law, which allows for inheritance through a female. Since the death of Maria Emanuel, if Albert was the last male dynast then this would lead firstly to the children of their sisters Maria Josepha (unmarried), Maria Anna, and Mathilde, but only Mathilde's marriage undisputedly met equality requirements and her only son died in 1987.Template:CN Therefore, if the Gessaphe claim is invalid, the succession would pass to the issue of the Margrave's paternal aunts, who were Margarete Karola (1900–1962), Maria Alix (1901–1990) and Anna (1903–1976), all of whom left children. Margarete having been the eldest, the heir would be her grandson Karl Friedrich von Hohenzollern (born 1932), head of the princely line of the House of Hohenzollern.Template:CN

Maria Emanuel's brother Albert, however, supported discarding equality requirements to allow his cousin Timo von Sachsen's morganatic son, Rüdiger von Sachsen (1953-2022) to eventually succeed. Rüdiger had, with his first wife Astrid Linke (1949–1989), three sons Daniel (born 1975), Arne (born 1977) and Nils (born 1978).Template:CN

Although the Albertine Saxons consist only of the royal branch, there are several extant lines of the House of Wettin which ruled the various Ernestine duchies until 1918 (as well as the cadet branches of the Coburg line which held several royal crowns).Template:CN In a joint statement of 23 June 2015, the heads of the three remaining branches of the senior Ernestine line of the House of Wettin, Michael Prinz von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach, Andreas Prinz von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha and Konrad Prinz von Sachsen-Meiningen, declared that, according to the house law of the House of Wettin and to traditional princely succession rules, Alexander Afif, bearing the (legally unrecognized<ref name="titles"/>) name Prince of Saxony by adoption, was neither a member of nobility nor of the House of Wettin, nor had he succeeded Maria Emanuel as head of the Albertine branch (the Royal House of Saxony), nor was he entitled to style himself Margrave of Meissen.<ref>Joint Statement by the heads of the House of Wettin of 23 June 2015</ref>

External links

• House Laws of the Kingdom of Saxony Template:In lang
• Website of his brother Prince Albert of Saxony Template:In lang
• Website of the House of Wettin Template:In lang