Mariawald Abbey

File:Mariawald, die Abtei Dm83 foto10 2016-09-10 10.27.jpg

Mariawald, Abbey

Mariawald Abbey (Template:Langx) was a monastery of the Trappists (formally known as the Cistercians of the Strict Observance),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=history>Template:Cite web</ref> located above the village of Heimbach, in the district of Düren in the Eifel, in the forests around Kermeter, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.<ref name="Trappist Info">Trappist Info Template:Webarchive, a Trappist directory; p. 26. Accessed online 4 December 2006.</ref> In September 2018, the last remaining monks left Mariawald Abbey. The business had been taken over on the basis of a leasehold by "Kloster Mariawald GmbH & Co. KG" since 1st January 2021, while the church buildings remain under direct control of the Diocese of Aachen and the "Kloster Mariawald e.V." as a trustee of the former monastic community.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

History

Cistercians

Following Heinrich Fluitter's vision of the Blessed Virgin Mary, a shrine and chapel were built on the site of it, which became a place of pilgrimage, the Marienwallfahrt. For the proper care of the site and the pilgrim's land was given in 1480 to the Cistercians of Bottenbroich Abbey, who established a priory here, which they were able to move into on 4 April 1486. The new monastery took its name from the shrine to Mary and from the woods in which it was situated: "Marienwald", or "Mary's wood"<ref name=history /><ref name="Trappist Info"/><ref>Template:Langx</ref>

In 1795 the monastery was closed as a result of the War of the First Coalition and the annexation to the French First Republic, and the monks were expelled. The image of the Virgin was removed to safety in Heimbach. The priory buildings were abandoned and fell into decay.<ref name=history />

Trappists

In 1860, the priory was re-settled by Trappist monks from Oelenberg Abbey in Alsace.<ref name=history /><ref name="Trappist Info"/>

From 1875 to 1887, the monks were exiled because of the Kulturkampf ("Cultural Struggle") policies of the Imperial German government. In 1909, Mariawald was raised from the status of priory to that of an abbey,<ref name=history /><ref name="Trappist Info"/> with the official Latin name "Abbatia B. M. de Nemore".

The monks had to leave the monastery yet again under the Nazi regime during World War II, from 1941 until April 1945, when the surviving members of the community were able to return (Klostersturm, monastery storming).<ref>https://www.orden.de/aktuelles/meldung/feindbild-orden-klostersturm-vor-75-jahren</ref> The monastery had to be largely rebuilt because it had been seriously damaged in the war.<ref name=history /><ref name="Trappist Info"/>

After World War II, a brewery was run at the abbey until 1956 when beer production ceased, in part due to the availability of water and brewing ingredients.

Mariawald Abbey had been the last men's Trappist monastery in Germany.<ref>Template:Cite web; there are also two extant Trappist women's monasteries in Germany, Gethsemani at Donnersberg and Maria Frieden at Dahlem</ref>

The monks followed the Rule of St. Benedict and the constitution of the Cistercians of the Strict Observance.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Visitors can also stay a few days in the abbey's guesthouse, but the parts of the monastery used by the monastic community cannot be visited.<ref name=Herzlich>Template:Cite web</ref>

The abbey runs a tavern and bookshop. It also produces and sells its liqueur.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1997, it was one of eight Trappist abbeys that founded the International Trappist Association (ITA) to protect the Trappist name from commercial misuse.

Old Rite

During the tumultuous 1960s, the abbey embraced the current liturgical fashions. However, in 2008 on the Feast of the Presentation of Our Lady in the Temple (21 November), Mariawald Abbey gained from Pope Benedict XVI permission to return to the Old Rite and their original religious discipline. This makes Mariawald unique among Trappist monasteries around the world, in that they adhere to their traditional, strict rule, including the office of the liturgical books in force in the Catholic Church in 1962 (particularly the traditional Latin Mass according to the old Trappist use).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 2010, Mariawald attempted to establish an academic program for the training of religious priests, but no course of study was completed.<ref>http://www.orden-online.de/news/2010/01/30/semesterbeginn-abtei-mariawald-hat-wieder-ein-hausstudium/</ref>

Closure and transformation

By the end of January 2018, it became known that somewhere in the year the abbey would be closed and the monks distributed over other abbeys.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The monastery was officially closed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>https://ocso.org/2018/09/17/mariawald-4/</ref> However, the tavern and bookshop remained open, and liqueur production was still ongoing.

The abbey's motto is Template:Lang ("Let your light shine"), from Matthew 5:16.

In late 2018, the association "Trappistenkonvent Mariawald e.V." was renamed to "Kloster Mariawald e.V.". New members joined this association, and they elected a new executive board.

As of January 1, 2021, Kloster Mariawald GmbH & Co. KG took over the ownership of the association and continued to operate the restaurant, bookstore, liqueur production, and online shipping. The Diocese of Aachen announced, that an attempt is to be made to settle a religious community in Mariawald again, which could then use the premises as tenants.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Since the closure of the monastery in 2018, it has been used as a museum with guided tours.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Abbots

Source:<ref name=history />

• Laurentius Wimmer (1909–1929)
• Stephan Sauer (1929–1939)
• Christophorus Elsen (1947–1961)
• Andreas Schmidt (1961–1966)
• Otto Aßfalg (1967–1980)
• Meinrad Behren (1983–1992)
• Franziskus de Place (1993–1999)
• Bruno Gooskens (1999–2005)
• Josef Vollberg (2006–2016) from 2017 as prior

Photo gallery

• Mariawald Abbey - Abtei Mariawald
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External links

• Mariawald Abbey website Template:In lang