Mark 82 bomb
Template:Short description Template:Infobox weapon
The Mark 82 is a Template:Convert unguided, low-drag general-purpose bomb, part of the United States Mark 80 series. The explosive filling is usually tritonal, though other compositions have sometimes been used.
It is manufactured by Australia, the United States and Turkey.
Development and deployment
With a nominal weight of Template:Cvt, it is one of the smallest bombs in current service, and one of the most common air-dropped weapons in the world. Although the Template:Nowrap nominal weight is Template:Cvt, its actual weight varies depending on its configuration, from Template:Cvt. It is a streamlined steel casing containing Template:Cvt of Tritonal high explosive. The Template:Nowrap is offered with a variety of fin kits, fuzes, and retarders for different purposes.
The Template:Nowrap is the warhead for the GBU-12 laser-guided bombs and for the GBU-38 JDAM.
Over many years Nitro-Chem in Bydgoszcz, Poland was the only provider of certified TNT for U.S. Department of Defense.<ref name="NitroChem">Template:Cite web</ref> As of 2021 also the General Dynamics plant in Garland, Texas was providing bombs for the US Armed Forces.Template:Cn
The Template:Nowrap is currently undergoing a minor redesign to allow it to meet the insensitive munitions requirements set by Congress.
According to a test report conducted by the United States Navy's Weapon Systems Explosives Safety Review Board established in the wake of the 1967 USS Forrestal fire, the cooking off time for a Template:Nowrap is approximately Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap.
More than 4,500 Template:Nowrap laser-guided bombs were dropped on Iraq during the Persian Gulf War.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> France requested 1,200 Template:Nowrap in 2010 to Société des Ateliers Mécaniques de Pont-sur-Sambre (SAMP) which builds Template:Nowrap under license.<ref name=France2010>Template:Cite web</ref> Saudi Arabia requested 8,000 Template:Nowrap in 2015, along with guidance kits and other weapons.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In August, 2018, a Mark 82 bomb was used for Saudi Arabia's Dahyan air strike in Yemen. Munitions experts confirmed that the numbers on it identified Lockheed Martin as its maker and that this particular Mk82 was a Paveway, a laser-guided bomb.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Low-level delivery
In low-level bombing, it is possible for the delivering aircraft to sustain damage from the blast and fragmentation effects of its own munitions since the aircraft and ordnance arrive at the target almost simultaneously. To address this issue, the standard Template:Nowrap General-Purpose bomb can be fitted with a special high-drag tail fin unit. In this configuration, it is referred to as the Template:Nowrap Snake Eye.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The tail unit has four folded fins that spring open into a cruciform shape when the bomb is released, slowing the bomb by increasing drag, thus allowing the delivery aircraft to safely pass over the target before the bomb hits it.
Variants
- BLU-111(AUS)B/B – Australian variant of the Mk82, fitted with both JDAM and Paveway II guidance kits.<ref>https://www.defence.gov.au/news-events/news/2022-01-17/australian-warheads-introduced-into-service</ref>
- BLU-111/B – Template:Nowrap casing filled with PBXN-109 (instead of Composition H6); item weighs Template:Cvt.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> PBXN-109 is a less sensitive explosive filler when compared to H6.<ref name= fact>Template:Cite web</ref> The BLU-111/B also is the warhead of the A-1 version of the Joint Stand-Off Weapon.
- BLU-111A/B – Used by the U.S. Navy,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> this is the BLU-111/B with a thermal-protective coating added<ref name= fact /> to reduce cook-off in (fuel-related) fires.
- BLU-126/B – Designed following a U.S. Navy request to lower collateral damage in air strikes. Delivery of this type started in March 2007. Also known as the Low Collateral Damage Bomb (LCDB), it is a BLU-111 with a smaller explosive charge. Inert ballast is added to match the original weight of the BLU-111, which gives it the same trajectory when dropped.<ref>Little Bang – p.38, Aviation Week & Space Technology-January 29, 2007</ref>
- BLU-129/B – U.S. Air Force Mark 82 version with a composite warhead case that disintegrates upon detonation to minimize fragmentation, decreasing damage to nearby structures and reducing the chances of collateral damage.<ref>Precision Lethality Responds to Urgent Operational Need – AF.mil, 9 January 2015</ref> The carbon fiber composite shell achieves three-times less collateral damage by keeping the blast radius tight, while the tungsten-laden case high explosive has greater lethality in that blast radius. Entered service in 2011 with some 800 units produced until early 2015. USAF is looking to restart production for domestic and international consumption.<ref>USAF’s ultra-lethal carbon fibre bomb approved for export Template:Webarchive – Flightglobal.com, 29 June 2015</ref><ref>USAF Has Carbon Fibre Bomb Export Hopes Template:Webarchive – Copybook.com/Military, 2 July 2015</ref>
- Mark 62 Quickstrike mine – A naval mine, which is a conversion of the Mark 82 bomb.<ref>Jenkins, Dennis R. B-1 Lancer, The Most Complicated Warplane Ever Developed, p. 159. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. Template:ISBN.</ref>
- Mark 82 Mod 7 – Near-term solution for cluster bomb replacement that replaces the forged steel casing with a unitary "cast ductile iron" warhead and reconfigured burst height and fuze locations, dispersing iron fragmentation over a large area to fulfill area-attack requirements with less chance of unexploded ordnance. To enter service by 2018.<ref>Air Force Replaces Cluster Bombs With Something Slightly Less Likely to Kill Civilians Template:Webarchive – Medium.com/War-is-Boring, 12 October 2014</ref><ref>USAF moving past cluster munitions, CALCM cruise missile Template:Webarchive – Flightglobal.com, 4 June 2015</ref>
- MK82-T (Tendürek) –Turkish variant of Template:Nowrap with a thermobaric warhead, can be fitted with locally produced HGK, LGK, and KGK guidance kits.
See also
- Mark 81 bomb
- Mark 83 bomb
- Mark 84 bomb
- Paveway IV
- Armement Air-Sol Modulaire
- FAB-250 – Soviet counterpart