Masaru Emoto

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox person Template:Nihongo<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> was a Japanese businessman, author and pseudoscientist who claimed that human consciousness could affect the molecular structure of water. His 2004 book The Hidden Messages in Water was a New York Times best seller.<ref name="Garner2005" /> His ideas had evolved over the years, and his early work revolved around pseudoscientific hypotheses that water could react to positive thoughts and words and that polluted water could be cleaned through prayer and positive visualization.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name= "Guardian2005"/><ref name="MasaruWonderful">Template:Cite web</ref>

Starting in 1999, Emoto published several volumes of a work entitled Messages from Water, containing photographs of ice crystals and accompanying experiments such as that of the "rice in water 30 day experiment."

Biography

Emoto was born in Yokohama and graduated from Yokohama Municipal University after taking courses in International Relations. He worked in the Nagoya Office (Central Japan Office) of the Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper, then founded the International Health Medical company in 1986. In 1989, he received exclusive rights to market the Magnetic Resonance Analyzer,<ref>江本勝『波動時代への除幕』（サンロード、1992年）5刷、, tr. "Masaru Emoto, "Unveiling the Wave Age" (Sunroad, 1992) 5th edition," P.24</ref> a device patented by Ronald Weinstock (Patent 5,592,086), which was alleged to be able to detect the magnetic field around a human hair, for example, and diagnose almost any disease.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He renamed it the "Vibration-o-Meter," became an operator himself, and started a business dealing in vibrations.<ref>This is from Japanese Wikipedia.</ref>

He was President Emeritus of the International Water For Life Foundation, a non-profit organization based in Oklahoma City in the United States.<ref name= "Reville2011">Template:Cite news</ref> In 1992, he became a Doctor of Alternative Medicine at the Open International University for Alternative Medicine in India,<ref name= "Gordon2004">Template:Cite news</ref> a fraudulent college that sold illegitimate degrees<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and was later shut down.<ref name="skeptoid">Template:Skeptoid</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Ideas

Emoto claimed that water was a "blueprint for our reality" and that emotional "energies" and "vibrations" could change its physical structure.<ref name= "Gray2003">Template:Cite news</ref> His water crystal experiments consisted of exposing water in glasses to various words, pictures, or music, then freezing it and examining the ice crystals' aesthetic properties with microscopic photography.<ref name= "Reville2011"/> He claimed that water exposed to positive speech and thoughts created visually "pleasing" ice crystals, and that negative intentions yielded "ugly" ice formations.<ref name= "Reville2011"/>

Emoto held that different water sources produced different ice structures. For example, he held that water from a mountain stream, when frozen, showed structures of beautifully shaped geometric designs; but that water from polluted sources created distorted, randomly formed ice structures. He held that these changes could be eliminated by exposing water to ultraviolet light or certain electromagnetic waves.<ref name= "Gray2003"/>

Reception

In 2008, Emoto published his findings in the Journal of Scientific Exploration, a journal of the Society for Scientific Exploration that has been criticized for catering to fringe science.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He co-conducted and co-authored the work with Takashige Kizu of Emoto's own International Health Medical (IHM) General Institute, and Dean Radin and Nancy Lund of the Institute of Noetic Sciences, which is on Stephen Barrett's Quackwatch list of questionable organizations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Commentators have criticized Emoto for insufficient experimental controls and for not sharing enough details of his experiments with the scientific community.<ref name= "Reville2011"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He has also been criticized for designing his experiments in ways that permit manipulation or human error.<ref name= "Reville2011"/><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Biochemist and Director of Microscopy at University College Cork William Reville wrote, "It is very unlikely that there is any reality behind Emoto's claims."<ref name= "Reville2011"/> Reville noted the lack of scientific publication and pointed out that anyone who could demonstrate such phenomena would become immediately famous and probably wealthy.<ref name= "Reville2011"/>

Writing about Emoto's ideas in the Skeptical Inquirer, physician Harriet A. Hall concluded that it was "hard to see how anyone could mistake it for science".<ref name="MasaruWonderful"/> In 2003, James Randi published an invitation on his website, offering Emoto to take the One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, in which Emoto could have received US$1,000,000 if he had been able to reproduce the experiment under test conditions agreed to by both parties. Randi did not receive a response.<ref name="Mason2010">Template:Cite book</ref>

Emoto's book The Hidden Messages in Water was a New York Times best seller.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name= "Garner2005"/> Writing in The New York Times Book Review, literary critic Dwight Garner described it as "spectacularly eccentric", and said its success was "one of those 'head-scratchers' that makes me question the sanity of the reading public."<ref name= "Garner2005">Template:Cite news</ref> Publishers Weekly described Emoto's later work, The Shape of Love, as "mostly incoherent and unsatisfying".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Emoto's ideas appeared in the movies Kamen Rider: The First and What the Bleep Do We Know!?<ref name= "Guardian2005">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Publications

Books

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Further reading

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