Maysan Governorate

Template:Short description Template:Infobox settlement Maysan Governorate (Template:Langx) is a governorate in southeastern Iraq, bordering Iran. Its administrative centre is the city of Amarah, and it is composed of six districts. Before 1976, it was named Amara Province.

Etymology

This region was called Messène (Template:Lang) by Ancient Greeks (Strabo), Mīšān (ܡܝܫܢ) in Syriac. Mēs̲h̲ān in Middle Persian and Parthian (Template:Lang myšn), Mēs̲h̲un in Armenian, Maysān or Mīsān (Template:Lang) in Arabic, and T’iao-tche (Chaldaea) in the Han sources.<ref name="SM">Streck, M.; Morony, M.. "Maysān." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, 2012. Reference. 30 March 2012</ref>

History

Alexander the Great founded the town of Charax Spasinu in 324 B.C. in the governorate. The town later became the capital of the Characene kingdom. It now exists as the ruins of Naysan.Template:Citation needed

The area suffered greatly during the Iran–Iraq War, during which it was a major battlefield, and again during the 1991 Iraqi uprisings led by the Shia population.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Government

Ba'athist era

From 1992 to 1994, Saddam Hussein appointed a senior military commander named Kamel Sajid, who had served during the Iran–Iraq War and led special forces missions into Kuwait, during the Gulf War, to become the governor, following a decision to replace all provincial governors with military ones. Under Janabi's administration he reportedly introduced stronger Islamic policies, which coincided with Saddam's faith campaign at the time.

Saddam Hussein's brother-in-law who visited the province commented on Janabi's administration, saying he had built a "mini Islamic state". Janabi ordered the closure of all bars serving alcohol, and built several mosques across the province. He would also collect money for donations to the sick and poor, as well as visit hospitals. Janabi also reprimanded a police officer for allowing his car to cut through traffic, after the officer noticed it was the governor's car. Locals reportedly referred to him as "Abu Omar" in reference to Umayyad Caliph Umar II, viewing Janabi's rule as similar. He also reportedly spared the life of a Shia man who was cooperating with Iran in the province and had turned himself in to Iraqi security forces.

In 1994, Janabi was relieved from his position and sent to work for Saddam in Baghdad instead. Many Ba'athist officials criticized both Saddam and Janabi for their religiousness, and told Saddam that Janabi was a fifth-column element in the regime. However, Saddam dismissed these claims in his favor, and Janabi himself was reportedly loyal to Saddam.

Post-2003

The current governor is Ali Dawai Lazem, a supporter of Muqtada al-Sadr. As of 2013, he is the only provincial governor in Iraq belonging to the Sadrist Movement.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Though he is a Shi'a, he is a non-sectarian and has said "It doesn't make a difference if you are Sunni or Shi'ite or Christian. I don't differentiate between anyone." He has been called Iraq's most popular politician.Template:Citation needed

In 2013, The New York Times praised Dawai's governance, stating that "roads are being paved, new sewage systems installed and residents now enjoy electricity for up to 22 hours a day, far more than in Baghdad."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

List of governors

Picture	Governor		Assumed role	Party
		Kamel Sajit Aziz al-Janabi	1992-1994<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	Iraqi Baath Party
		Riyadh Mahood al-Muhammadawi<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	2003	Independent
		Adil Mahwadar Radi	2005	Sadrist Movement
	style="background: Template:Party color" |	Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani	2009	State of Law Coalition
		Ali Dawai Lazem	2010Template:Citation needed	Sadrist Movement

Demographics

The vast majority of the population of Maysan is Shia Arabs. There exists a small minority of Shia Feyli Kurds that inhabit the northeastern part of the province, specifically Ali Al-Gharbi District, as well as a small population of Mandeaens and Christians. It is covered in the south by many Mesopotamian Marshes, and has traditionally been home to many Marsh Arabs.

In 2007, the unemployment rate was 17%.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Historical populations Template:Clear

Districts

• Amara (العمارة)
• Ali Al-Gharbi (علي الغربي)
• Al-Kahla (الكحلاء)
• Al-Maimouna (الميمونة)
• Al-Mejar Al-Kabi (المجر الكبير)
• Qal'at Saleh (قلعة صالح)

External links

• Iraq Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit – Reports, Maps and Assessments of Iraq's Governorates from the UN Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit