Menninger Foundation

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The Menninger Foundation was founded in 1919 by the Menninger family in Topeka, Kansas. The Menninger Foundation, known locally as Menninger's, consists of a clinic, a sanatorium, and a school of psychiatry, all of which bear the Menninger name. Menninger's consisted of a campus at 5800 S.W. 6th Avenue in Topeka, Kansas which included a pool as well as the other aforementioned buildings. In 2003, the Menninger Clinic moved to Houston. The foundation was started in 1919 by Dr. Charles F. Menninger and his sons, Drs. Karl and William Menninger. It represented the first group psychiatry practice. "We had a vision," Dr. C. F. Menninger said, "of a better kind of medicine and a better kind of world."

History

The Menninger Clinic, also known as the C. F. Menninger Memorial Hospital,<ref>C.F. Menninger Memorial Hospital, Topeka, Kansas at the Kansas Historical Society website</ref> was founded in the 1920s in Topeka, Kansas.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> The Menninger Sanitarium was founded in 1925.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Menninger Clinic established the Southard School for children in 1926.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The school fostered treatment programs for children and adolescents that were recognized worldwide. In the 1930s the Menningers expanded training programs for psychiatrists, psychologists, and other mental health professionals.

The Menninger Foundation was established in 1941.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Menninger School of Psychiatry was established in 1946.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It quickly became the largest training center in the country, driven by the country's demand for psychiatrists to treat military veterans.

Menninger announced its affiliation with Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital in December 2002. The concept was that Menninger would perform treatment while Baylor would oversee research and education.

Moves

The Menninger Clinic moved in June 2003 from Topeka, Kansas to Houston, Texas. The Menninger Clinic again moved to its new location at 12301 S. Main St., Houston, Texas, 77035 in May 2012.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Current facilities

As of May 2012, The Menninger Clinic offers: Adolescent Treatment Program,<ref>Menninger Clinic: Adolescent Treatment Program (ATP)</ref> a Professionals Program,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the Compass Program for Young Adults,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the Comprehensive Psychiatric Assessment & Stabilization Program,<ref>Menninger Clinic: Comprehensive Psychiatric Assessment & Stabilization Program (CPAS)</ref> an Assessments Service<ref>Menninger Clinic: Assessments</ref> and the Hope Program for Adults.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Revolution in psychiatric education

The Menninger School of Psychiatry and the local Veterans Administration Hospital represented the center of a psychiatric education revolution. The Clinic and the School became the hub for training professionals in the bio-psycho-social approach. This approach integrated the foundations of medical, psychodynamic, developmental, and family systems to focus on the overall health of patients. For patients, this way of treatment attended to their physical, emotional, and social needs.

Dr. Otto Fleischmann, head of the psychoanalytic institute from 1956 to 1963, was doing psychotherapy behind a one-way vision screen, in full view of all the students.

In 1960 Otto Kernberg joined the Clinic and later became its director until 1965.<ref>Otto Kernberg, M.D., Menninger Clinic at Topeka, Kansas at the Kansas Historical Society website</ref>

Karl Menninger

Template:Main Dr. Karl Menninger's first book, The Human Mind (1930), became a bestseller<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and familiarized the American public with human behavior. Many Americans also read his subsequent books, including The Vital Balance, Man Against Himself and Love Against Hate.<ref name=":0" />

Will Menninger

Template:Main Dr. Will Menninger made a major contribution to the field of psychiatry when he developed a system of hospital treatment known as milieu therapy. This approach involved a patient's total environment in treatment. Dr. Menninger served as Chief of the Army Medical Corps' Psychiatric Division during World War II.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Under his leadership, the Army reduced losses in personnel due to psychological impairment. In 1945, the Army promoted Dr. Menninger to brigadier general.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> After the war, Dr. Menninger led a national revolution to reform state sanitariums. In 1948, Time magazine featured Dr. Menninger on its cover,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> lauding him as "psychiatry’s U.S. sales manager."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Activities

At the Menninger Clinic, staff proceeded to launch new treatment approaches and open specialty programs. The Menninger Foundation gained a reputation for intensive, individualized treatment, particularly for patients with complex or long-standing symptoms. The treatment approach was multidimensional, addressing a patient's medical, psychological, and social needs. Numerous independent organizations recognized the Menninger Foundation as a world leader in psychiatric and behavioral health treatment.

In 2020, US News & World Report listed Houston’s Menninger Clinic #5 in Psychiatry on their annual list of best hospitals. <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Menninger Clinic remains one of the primary North American settings supporting psychodynamically informed research on clinical diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. It has organized efforts around the construct of mentalizing, a concept integrating research activities related to attachment, theory of mind, internal representations, and neuroscience.

In the 1960s the Menninger Clinic studied Swami Rama, a noted yogi, specifically investigating his ability to exercise voluntary control of bodily processes (such as heartbeat) which are normally considered non-voluntary (autonomous) as well as Yoga Nidra. It was part of Gardner Murphy's research program into creativity and the paranormal, funded by Ittleson Family Foundation.

See also

References

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  • Lawrence Jacob Friedman, Menninger: The Family and the Clinic, University Press of Kansas, 1992 (Reprint)
  • Robert S. Wallerstein, Forty-two lives in treatment : a study of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy : the report of the Psychotherapy Research Project of the Menninger Foundation, 1954-1982, New York : Other Press, 2000

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