Mevaseret Zion
Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox settlement
Mevaseret Zion (Template:Langx) is a town and local council located Template:Convert to the west of Jerusalem, straddling both sides of the Jerusalem–Tel Aviv highway. Mevaseret Zion is composed of two distinct older townships, Maoz Zion and Mevaseret Yerushalayim, under the jurisdiction of one local council. The newer neighborhoods of Mevaseret Zion were not part of either township.
Mevaseret Zion is located on a mountain ridge Template:Convert above sea level, on the outskirts of Jerusalem. In Template:Israel populations it had a population of 24,409Template:Israel populations, spread over 15 neighborhoods. It is the wealthiest municipality per capita in the Jerusalem District. Mevaseret Zion's current mayor is Yoram Shimon.
History
Castel area
Template:MainTemplate:See also Due to its strategic location, settlement in the area of Mevasseret Zion goes back to antiquity. The Romans built a fortress there, known as Castellum.Template:Citation needed On the ruins of this fortress, the Crusaders built a castle, Castellum Belveer, of which no trace remains.<ref name="Pringle">Template:Cite book</ref> Belveer is mentioned in a letter from Eraclius, Patriarch of Jerusalem, dated September 1187, in which he describes the slaughter of Christians "by the sword of Mafumetus the Unbeliever and his evil worshipper Saladin" and the Arab conquest of the town, which was renamed al-Qastal.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
During the British Mandate of Palestine, the British referred to this district as "The Castle". The Palestinian Arabs called it "al-Qastal", pronouncing the "t." The Jews called it "HaCástel" ("the Cástel").
In the 1948 Palestine war, battles took place here as Arabs and Jews fought for control of HaCástel, which overlooked the main Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway. HaCástel exchanged hands several times in the course of the fighting. The tides turned when the Arab commander Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni was killed. Many of the Arabs left their positions to attend al-Husayni's funeral at the Al-Aqsa Mosque on Friday, April 9. That same day, HaCástel fell to the Yishuv forces, virtually unopposed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
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Maoz Zion
Maoz Zion ("Stronghold of Zion") was established in 1951 to house new immigrants from Iraq, Kurdistan, North Africa and Iran who had been living in a ma'abara, or transit camp, at the foot of the Castel hill. Many were employed at the nearby Solel Boneh stone quarry.
Mevasseret Yerushalayim
Mevasseret Yerushalayim was established east of Ma'oz Zion in 1956 by Jewish immigrants from North Africa. It was located on a ridge near the armistice line, north of Motza. The residents worked in the fruit orchards in the Arazim Valley.<ref>Encyclopaedia Judaica, "Mevasseret Zion", p. 1453</ref>
Unified local council
In 1963, Maoz Zion and Mevasseret Yerushalayim formed a joint local council, which was called Mevasseret Zion. The source of the name is the Book of Isaiah: "Template:Lang" – "Ascend a lofty mountain, O herald of joy to Zion" (Template:Bibleverse).<ref>Vilnay, Zev, Rachel and Oren: The Vilnay Guide to Israel. A new Millenium edition, Vol 1: Jerusalem, Beersheba and Southern Israel, Atlit 1999, p. 208, Template:ISBN</ref>
Institutions and landmarks
The Har'el shopping mall is located at the entrance to Mevasseret Zion, near the Har'el interchange. The mall serves the residents of Mevasseret Zion, Maoz Zion, the surrounding communities, as well as travelers on Route 1. The shopping mall which includes some 80 businesses has been joined by the Jerusalem Mall on the other side of the highway at the entrance of Maoz Zion.The world's first kosher McDonald's opened there in 1995.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In addition to numerous Orthodox congregations, Mevasseret Zion also has a Reform congregation, Kehillat Mevasseret Zion, founded in 1993.
Population
According to Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, as of November 2023 (estimated), 25,789 residents live in Mevaseret Zion (86th place in the ranking of local authorities in Israel). The population is growing at an annual growth rate of 2.2%.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Education
Mevasseret Zion has 3 secular primary schools, 2 religious primary schools, 1 middle school, and 1 high school.
- Secular primary schools: "HaShalom" School, "Hador Tal'i" School, "Moledet" School.
- Religious primary schools: "Hemdat Ha-shaked" and "Tzlili Noam"
- Middle school: "Hayovel Middle School"
- High school: "Tichon Har'el"
- Yeshiva: "Yeshivat Sha'arei Mevasseret" includes a kollel, mostly catering to adult Israeli men, and a gap year program for students from English-speaking high schools.
Archaeology
In April–May 2003, an archaeological salvage dig carried out on Nahal Sorek Street in Mevasseret Zion unearthed an ancient burial cave dating from the mid-Second Temple period.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The ruins of a medieval structure, Khirbet Beit Mizza, are located in Mevasseret Zion,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and were believed by some scholars to be the site of the biblical town of Mozah mentioned in the Book of Joshua (Template:Bibleverse),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> until recent excavations made clear that Mozah of the Hebrew Bible is to be identified with nearby Template:Lang, the Arabic name by which the ruins of the Arab village of Template:Lang are known, which were hence named in Modern Hebrew as Template:Lang.<ref name=FinkGadot>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Sports
Mevasseret Zion holds both a soccer team and a basketball team, both playing for low leagues.
Template:Lang plays in Israel's Template:Lang, Israel's 5th league. It started as Hapoel Mevasseret Zion and then united with Ironi Abu Ghosh, and became the first Israeli team mixed from an Arab village and a Jewish town. In 2007 Mevasseret-Abu Ghosh was united with Hapoel Katamon, and then separated again. The team is built of Arab and Jewish players, and participated in international friendly tournaments for peace. The team plays in local soccer field called "Template:Lang", which means in Hebrew, the green field. The capacity is about 200 people.
Template:Lang also plays for Template:Lang. The team plays in the local basketball court with a capacity of 300 seats.
Notable residents
- Rachel Adato (born 1947), gynaecologist, lawyer and politician
- Dan Bahat (born 1938), archaeologist
- Aharon Appelfeld (1932–2018), novelist and Holocaust survivor
- Itamar Ben Gvir, (born 1976 in Mevasseret Zion), politician
- Template:Lang (1946–2012), neuropsychologist
- Charlie Biton (1947–2024), social activist and former politician
- Template:Lang (born 1937), politician
- Martin van Creveld (born 1946), military historian and theorist
- Template:Lang (born 1954), author
- Template:Lang (born 1957), politician and national security expert
- Template:Lang (born 1951), policeman and politician
- Josh ReinsteinTemplate:Citation needed
- Template:Lang (born 1960), computer scientist and businessman
- Template:Lang (born 1958), politician<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Template:Lang (born 1944), military and politician
Sister cities
- Template:Flagicon White Plains, New York (2004)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Template:Flagicon Sankt Augustin, Germany (2001)
- Template:Flagicon Calabasas, California (2012)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>