Michael Majerus

Template:Distinguish Template:Short description Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox scientist Michael Eugene Nicolas Majerus (13 February 1954 – 27 January 2009) was a British geneticist and professor of evolution at the University of Cambridge. He was also a teaching fellow at Clare College, Cambridge. He was an enthusiast in Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and became a world authority in his field of insect evolutionary biology. He was widely noted for his work on moths and ladybirds and as an advocate of the science of evolution. He was also an enthusiastic educator<ref>For example: Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and the author of several books on insects,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> evolution<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="melanism1998">Template:Cite book</ref> and sexual reproduction.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He is best remembered as an ardent supporter and champion of experiments on peppered moth evolution.<ref name=bha>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Biography

The son of Fernand and Muriel Majerus, Michael Majerus took an early interest in insects. He got his first butterfly net at the age of four. His father, a Luxembourg national by origin, encouraged him by taking him for field trips on weekends and bringing him home specimens from his travels.<ref name=clare>Template:Cite web</ref> He was particularly interested in lepidopterans and ecological genetics following the work of E.B. Ford, whose book Moths (in the New Naturalist series)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> he bought at the age of ten. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood, and graduated in botany and zoology from Royal Holloway College, London. He earned his PhD from Royal Holloway College on the study of the genetic control of larval colour in the angle shades moth. He worked for two years at Keele University as a research demonstrator. In 1980 he joined the Department of Genetics at the University of Cambridge as a research associate. After promotion as lecturer in 1987 and reader in 2001, he was appointed professor of evolution in 2006. In 1990 he was elected fellow of Clare College, and from the next year, in 1991, he became a teaching fellow of the college, the post he held until his death.<ref name=independent>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

He died 27 January 2009 after an unexpected and brief struggle with aggressive mesothelioma.

Personal life

Majerus was a passionate anti-creationist. He used much of his scientific works to argue against creationism.<ref name=bha/>

He married Vicki Maclean in 1979, but their marriage was dissolved. He remarried Tamsin Harris in 1988 with whom he had two sons, and one daughter. They later divorced, and Majerus married, for the third time, Christina Poole in 2005.<ref name=independent/>

Achievements

After his doctoral work on moths, Majerus moved into studying ladybirds, an area which brought him widespread publicity as an expert in 2004 when the harlequin ladybird came to Britain, causing a disaster for native species. This publicity led to the involvement of members of the public in the effective monitoring of the spread of the harlequin. His work on the peppered moth provided new support for the understanding of peppered moth evolution.<ref name="melanism1998"/><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=deptgen>Template:Cite web</ref>

His research work was largely focussed around insect species, particularly the peppered moth and ladybirds, but explored these from many different perspectives including melanism,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> male killers,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> sexual selection,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> sexually transmitted diseases,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> animal colouration,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> invasive species,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and biological pest control.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Peppered moth evolution

The legacy of Majerus was largely built on his fervent defence and experimental works on the peppered moth evolution.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The concept of industrial melanism in Biston betularia had been a primary example of Darwinian natural selection in action. With the experimental evidence of Bernard Kettlewell in the early 1950s, the story became a classic in evolutionary biology. However, the rise of creationism towards the end of 20th century brought forth serious attack. To increase the controversy, biologists also began to argue the validity of Kettlewell's experiments.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The publication of Melanism: Evolution in Action in 1998 in which Majerus analysed and defended Kettlewell's experiments provoked severe criticism. Kettlewell's works were seen as lacking proper experimental procedure, with some even accusing it variously as a fake, fraudulent, hoax and wrong.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The accusations were most influentially popularised by Judith Hooper in her 2002 book Of Moths and Men (which in turn received severe criticisms).<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> One of the critics, Jerry Coyne, himself a professor of evolution at the University of Chicago, commented that: "[M]ost of the work described is inconclusive... for the time being we must discard Biston as a well-understood example of natural selection in action, although it is clearly a case of evolution."<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Majerus then designed an elaborate experiment to resolve the issues.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Starting from 2001 he conducted experiments for seven years, and terminated by his own death. He had experimented with 4,864 moths in Cambridgeshire, becoming the largest experiment in such manner. After his death his experimental results were analysed by a collaboration of American and British geneticists, and was published in 2012.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Majerus's works clearly vindicated the experiments on peppered moth evolution, and the paper concluded that: Template:Blockquote

Honours and recognitions

Majerus was the president of the Amateur Entomologists' Society,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society, and a Life Fellow of the British Naturalists' Association. He received a number of awards, including the Peter Scott Memorial Award in 2006, for his contributions to British Natural History. In 2004 he was conferred the title "Distinguished Supporter" of the British Humanist Association.<ref name=bha/> In 2010 the Amateur Entomologists' Society launched The Mike Majerus Grant with the aim of encouraging a new generation of entomologists by supporting and funding projects based in the British Isles which further the cause of entomological study, research or education by amateurs, especially the young. <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Books

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See also

• Polymorphism in Lepidoptera

External links

• The Peppered Moth: Decline of a Darwinian Disciple, a transcript of his lecture delivered to the British Humanist Association on Darwin Day 2004.
• The Peppered Moth: The Proof of Darwinian Evolution, a transcript of his lecture given at the European Society for Evolutionary Biology meeting on 23 August 2007. The accompanying PowerPoint presentation is also available.
• Template:Webarchive, University of Cambridge
• Obituary, Times Higher Education