Milton Glaser

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox artist Milton Glaser (June 26, 1929Template:SpndJune 26, 2020) was an American graphic designer whose most recognized works include the [[I Love New York|Template:Nowrap]] logo,<ref name= still>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name= FYOL>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="MoMA-2">Template:Cite web</ref> the iconic 1966 Bob Dylan poster,<ref name="Edwards-2010" /><ref name="MoMA-1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> as well as late 1960s publicity posters for the introduction of the Olivetti Valentine typewriter,<ref name="sottsass">Template:Cite web</ref> and logos for DC Comics, Stony Brook University, Brooklyn Brewery amongst others.

In 1954, he co-founded Push Pin Studios, co-founded New York magazine with Clay Felker, and established Milton Glaser, Inc. In 1969, he produced and designed "Short Subject", commonly known as "Mickey Mouse in Vietnam", a short 16mm anti-war film directed by Whitney Lee Savage (father of Adam Savage). His artwork has been featured in exhibits, and placed in permanent collections in many museums worldwide. During his long career he designed many posters, publications and architectural designs. He received many awards for his work, including the National Medal of the Arts award from President Barack Obama in 2009, the first time a graphic designer received this award.

Life and career

File:Milton glaser at studio.jpg
Glaser at his studio in 1987

Glaser was born in The Bronx, New York City. His parents, Eugene and Eleanor (née Bergman), were Hungarian Jewish immigrants. The family resided in the South Bronx.<ref name= still /> His father owned a dry-cleaning and tailoring shop; his mother was a homemaker. Glaser took drawing classes with artists Raphael and Moses Soyer before attending the High School of Music & Art in Manhattan.

After graduating from the Cooper Union in New York City, Reynold Ruffins, Seymour Chwast, Edward Sorel and Glaser founded Push Pin Studios in 1954.<ref name="Pushpin">Template:Cite web</ref> Glaser joined after his return from Italy.<ref name="Pushpin" /><ref name="NYTobit" /> In 1957, the Push Pin Monthly Graphic was sent out to friends and clients.<ref name="Pushpin" /> The studio's work rejected tradition and favored "reinvigorated interpretations of historical styles".<ref name="Pushpin" /> Glaser and Seymour Chwast directed Push Pin Studios for twenty years, while it became a guiding reference in the world of graphic design.<ref>Pushpin Group website, accessed June 6, 2008.</ref> The studio "redefined and expanded the imprimatur of the designer, illustrator, and visual culture at large".<ref name="Pushpin" />

Glaser started his own design firm, Milton Glaser Inc., in 1974 and left Push Pin Studios the following year.<ref name="NYTobit" /> In 1983, Glaser formed a partnership with Walter Bernard and established a publication design firm called WBMG in New York City. WBMG has designed more than 50 magazines, newspapers and periodicals around the world.<ref name="Official-1">Template:Cite web</ref>

Over his career, Glaser personally designed and illustrated more than 400 posters.<ref name=NYTobit/> Milton drew heavily from early 20th century artists to create his own signature style that consisted of playful, psychedelic graphics with controlled blasts of colors along with silhouettes and bold geometric outlines.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His work is displayed in the Cooper Hewitt National Design Museum, New York; the Victoria and Albert Museum, London; and the Israel Museum, Jerusalem.<ref name=NYTobit/> His work has also been featured in exhibits internationally.<ref name="Official-1" /><ref name=NYTobit/> He had one-man shows at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris and the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.<ref name="Official-1" />

In 1988, Glaser designed the New York City Shelly Fireman-owned Italianate eatery Trattoria Dell'Arte across from Carnegie Hall.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Glaser was the subject of the 2008 documentary film To Inform and Delight: The World of Milton Glaser.<ref name="nyt-2009-05-22">Template:Cite news</ref> A tribute to Glaser, still working in his 90th year, was published in The New York Times in 2019.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> That same year, Glaser decided to list his office townhouse at 207 East 32nd Street for sale given his age and deteriorating health.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The building was sold for $7.5 million in 2020 to The New York Review of Books.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Personal life

Milton Glaser was the uncle of Gabby Glaser, of the band Luscious Jackson. He was also a first cousin once removed of graphic designer Steven Brower; Glaser was Brower’s mother’s cousin.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He died of a stroke and renal failure in New York City on his 91st birthday.<ref name=NYTobit>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Bonanos-2020"/>

Glaser's parents were mildly observant Jews, and throughout his life Glaser himself was casually observant, which included fasting on Yom Kippur and hosting an annual Passover seder. Glaser stated that his Jewish background played a part in inspiring his designs, sometimes more than his American background.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

He married Shirley Girton on August 11, 1957. His wife also graduated from the Cooper Union.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Works

Bob Dylan poster

In 1966, Glaser designed a poster for Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits.<ref name="MoMA-1" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It was one of Glaser's first posters. The poster depicts the profile of Dylan's face with psychedelic, swirly hair, with "Dylan" written at the bottom in Baby Teeth, one of Glaser's typefaces.<ref name="Bonanos-2020" /> His inspiration for the poster was Marcel Duchamp's 1957 Self-portrait; and Art Nouveau, saying "That was an influence for the colors and shapes in the picture."<ref name="Edwards-2010">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Six million posters have been printed and distributed, and sell for hundreds of dollars as collectibles.<ref name="Edwards-2010" />

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File:I Love New York.svg
I Love New York logo (1977)<ref name="MoMA-2" />

One of Glaser's most recognizable works is his I Love New York logo.<ref name="MoMA-2" /> In the mid-1970s, New York City's crime rate was up and the city was widely perceived to be dangerous and was on the verge of bankruptcy.<ref name="nyt-2009-05-22" /> In 1977, the State of New York hired advertising agency Wells Rich Greene and Milton Glaser to design a logo to increase tourism.<ref name="NYTobit" /> It was Glaser who came up with the design while sitting in the back of a taxi cab on the way to the meeting.<ref name="Gary-2015">Template:Cite news</ref> The logo consists of the capital "I" and a red heart, stacked on top of the letters "NY" in American Typewriter typeface, symbolizing New York. His inspiration for the logo was Robert Indiana's LOVE design, with the four letters stacked on top of each other. "Glaser loved New York so much that he gave his work to the city for free, hoping it would become public property."<ref name="Gary-2015" />

The logo earns New York state $30 million each year and has become a pop culture icon. It is reproduced on everything from coffee cups to T-shirts and hats. The logo can be seen everywhere in New York City.<ref name="Gary-2015" /> Robert Indiana's work influenced Glaser who in turn has inspired other designers to create variations on the layout, for example "I Heart Radio". The state has filed nearly 3,000 objections against them.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

After the September 11 attacks, the logo became even more of a symbol, creating unity between the public. Glaser designed a modified version saying, "I Love New York More Than Ever", in response to the attacks. The red heart has a small blackened and burned area along one edge to symbolize the attack on the World Trade Center site.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The logo is included in MoMA's 2025 exhibition, Pirouette: Turning Points in Design, a collection of "widely recognized design icons [...] highlighting pivotal moments in design history," such as the Bean Bag chair, the Sony Walkman portable cassette player, and the NASA Worm insignia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Pirouette: Turning Points in Design</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

New York magazine

In 1968, Glaser and Clay Felker founded New York magazine.<ref name="Official-2">Template:Cite web</ref> The magazine was about being on the reader's side, "it was about what was happening in New York City at the time."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> One example of this is "The Underground Gourmet". It was about cheap restaurants in New York. Glaser wrote the column for seven years with Jerome Snyder. It was one of the most popular columns in the magazine. New York "became the model for the city magazines, and stimulated a host of imitations".<ref name="Official-2" /> Glaser left the magazine in 1977.<ref name="Bonanos-2020">Template:Cite web</ref> In 1993, thanks to Glaser's history with New York, he was tapped by John F. Kennedy Jr., in conjunction with his partner Michael J. Berman, to work with them to create the image they were seeking for their start-up magazine George.

Typography

In 1970, Glaser designed his namesake typeface, Glaser Stencil, which drew inspiration from geometric sans-serif fonts such as Futura and Avant Garde.<ref name="FONT DESIGNER – MILTON GLASER">Template:Cite web</ref>

Fonts Designed

  • Art Decko (Photo Lettering Inc.) <ref name="Chwast, Seymour p. 249-50">Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Babycurls (Photo Lettering Inc.) <ref name="FONT DESIGNER – MILTON GLASER"/>
  • Babyfat (1964, Photo Lettering Inc.) <ref name="Chwast, Seymour p. 249-50"/>
  • Babyteeth (1966, Photo Lettering Inc.) <ref name="Chwast, Seymour p. 249-50"/>
  • Eightway (1964, Photo Lettering Inc.), with George Leavitt<ref name="Chwast, Seymour p. 249-50"/>
  • Futura Stencil (1970, Mergenthaler) <ref name="Chwast, Seymour p. 249-50"/>
  • Glazer Stencil (1970, Mergenthaler) <ref name="FONT DESIGNER – MILTON GLASER"/>
  • Houdini (1969, Photo Lettering Inc.) <ref name="Chwast, Seymour p. 249-50"/>
  • Rainbow! (1987, Photo Lettering Inc.) <ref name="Chwast, Seymour p. 249-50"/>
  • Stencil Select (1970, Mergenthaler) <ref name="FONT DESIGNER – MILTON GLASER"/>

Pomilio Blumm

In 2019, Glaser redesigned the historical 'rhino' logo of the Italian communication agency Pomilio Blumm.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Stemming from this experience, a documentary titled A Social Design Story was produced.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Awards

In 2004, Glaser won a National Design Award Lifetime Achievement from the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum for his profound and meaningful long-term contributions to the contemporary practice of design.<ref name="Official-1" />

In 2009, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama at the White House.<ref name=NYTobit/><ref name="Official-2" /> Glaser is the first graphic designer to have received this award.<ref name="Official-2" />

Glaser was honored as one of The New Jewish Home's 2015 Eight Over Eighty honorees.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Logos designs by Glaser

Publications

See also

References

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