Mojave, California
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Mojave (formerly Mohave)<ref name=gnis/> is an unincorporated community in Kern County, California, United States. Mojave is located Template:Convert east of Bakersfield, and Template:Convert north of Los Angeles,<ref name=CGN>Template:California's Geographic Names</ref> at an elevation of Template:Convert.<ref name=gnis/> The town is located in the western region of the Mojave Desert, below and east of Oak Creek Pass and the Tehachapi Mountains. Mojave is on the Pacific Crest Trail.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The population was 4,700 at the 2020 census, up from 4,238 at the 2010 census. Telephone numbers in Mojave follow the format (661) 824-xxxx and the area includes three postal ZIP Codes.
History
The town of Mojave began in 1876 as a construction camp on the Southern Pacific Railroad. From 1884 to 1889, the town was the western terminus of the Template:Convert, twenty-mule team at Harmony Borax Works in Death Valley. It later served as headquarters for construction of the Los Angeles Aqueduct.<ref name=CGN/>
Mojave Airport: aviation and military use
Located near Edwards Air Force Base, Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, and Palmdale Regional Airport, Mojave has a rich aerospace history. Besides being a general-use public airport, Mojave has three main areas of activity: flight testing, space industry development, and aircraft heavy maintenance and storage. The closest airfield to the city, formerly known as the Mojave Airport, is now part of the Mojave Air and Space Port.
In 1935, Kern County established the Mojave Airport Template:Convert east of town to serve the gold and silver mining industry in the area. The airport consisted of two dirt runways, one of which was oiled, but it lacked any fueling or servicing facilities. In 1941, the Civil Aeronautics Board began improvements to the airport for national defense purposes that included two Template:Convert asphalt runways and an adjacent taxiway. Kern County agreed the airport could be taken over by the military in the event of war.<ref name="auto">Template:Cite web</ref>
Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the U.S. Marine Corps took over the airport and expanded it into Marine Corps Auxiliary Air Station (MCAAS) Mojave. The two existing runways were extended and a third one added. Barracks were constructed to house 2,735 male and 376 female military personnel. Civilian employment at the base would peak at 178. The Marines would eventually spend more than $7 million on the base, which totaled Template:Convert.<ref name="auto"/>
Many of the Corps' World War II aces received their gunnery training at Mojave. During World War II, Mojave hosted 29 aircraft squadrons, four Carrier Aircraft Service Detachments, and three Air Warning Squadrons. At its peak, the air station had 147 training and other aircraft. Mojave also had a Template:Convert swimming pool that was used to train aviators in emergency water egress and for recreation. The base's 900-seat auditorium hosted several USO shows that featured Bob Hope, Frances Langford and Marilyn Maxwell.<ref name="auto"/>
With the end of WWII, MCAAS was decommissioned on February 7, 1946; a U.S. Navy Air Station was established the same day. The Navy used the airport for drone operations for less than a year, closing it on January 1, 1947. The base remained closed for four years until the outbreak of the Korean War. Mojave was reactivated as an auxiliary landing field to MCAS El Toro. The airport was recommissioned as a MCAAS on December 31, 1953.<ref name="auto1">Template:Cite web</ref> Squadrons used Mojave for ordnance training when El Toro had bad weather. Marine Corps reserve units were temporarily deployed to Mojave for two week periods. MCAAS Mojave personnel peaked at 400 military and 200 civilians during this period.
In 1961, after the USMC transferred operations to MCAS El Centro, Kern County obtained title to the airport. In February 1972, the East Kern Airport District (EKAD) was formed to administer the airport; EKAD maintains the airport to this day. To a great extent EKAD was the brainchild of Dan Sabovich who heavily lobbied the state for the airport district's creation and ran EKAD until 2002.<ref name="auto1"/>
During the 1970s, Mojave Airport was served by commuter air carrier Golden West Airlines with scheduled passenger flights operated with de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter turboprops direct to Los Angeles (LAX).<ref>https://www.departedflights.com, Golden West Airlines system timetables & route maps</ref>
Mojave Air and Space Port
Template:Main On November 20, 2012, the EKAD Board of Directors voted to change the name of the district to the Mojave Air and Space Port. Officials said that the spaceport name is well known around the world, but EKAD is not. The change took effect on January 1, 2013.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The airport is now the home of various aerospace companies and institutions such as Scaled Composites and the civilian National Test Pilot School. The town was home to the Rutan Voyager, the first aircraft to fly around the world nonstop and unrefueled. The airport is also the first inland spaceport in the United States, and was the location of the first private spaceflight, the launch of SpaceShipOne on June 21, 2004.
Mojave also has a Mojave Transportation Museum.
Geography
Mojave is located at Template:Coord.<ref name=gnis/> According to the United States Census Bureau, the census-designated place has a total area of Template:Convert, over 99% of it land.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020"/>
Climate
Mojave has a desert climate (Köppen: BWk).<ref name="Climate-Data.org">Template:Cite web</ref> It has hot summers and cool winters. Average January temperatures are a maximum of Template:Convert and a minimum of Template:Convert. Average July temperatures are a maximum of Template:Convert and a minimum of Template:Convert. There are an average of 98 days with highs of Template:Convert and an average of 45.7 days with lows of Template:Convert. The record high temperature was Template:Convert on August 5, 1914. The record low temperature was Template:Convert on December 23, 1990.
Average annual rainfall is Template:Convert. There are an average of 22 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1983 with Template:Convert and the driest year was 1942 with Template:Convert. The most rainfall in one month was Template:Convert in February 1998. The most rainfall in 24 hours was Template:Convert on January 30, 1915. Snow is relatively rare in Mojave, averaging Template:Convert. The most snowfall in one month was Template:Convert in February 1911.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Demographics
For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Mojave as a census-designated place (CDP). Mojave first appeared as an unincorporated place in the 1950 U.S. census;<ref name=1950CensusCA/> and as a census designated place in the 1980 United States census.<ref name=1980CensusCA/>
2020
The 2020 United States census reported that Mojave had a population of 4,700. The population density was Template:Convert. The racial makeup of Mojave was 40.8% White, 20.5% African American, 1.7% Native American, 1.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 20.9% from other races, and 14.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 42.6% of the population.<ref name=DP1>Template:Cite web</ref>
The census reported that 99.6% of the population lived in households, 0.4% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized.<ref name=DP1/>
There were 1,677 households, out of which 37.3% included children under the age of 18, 31.8% were married-couple households, 9.5% were cohabiting couple households, 34.0% had a female householder with no partner present, and 24.6% had a male householder with no partner present. 29.2% of households were one person, and 9.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.79.<ref name=DP1/> There were 1,085 families (64.7% of all households).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The age distribution was 30.2% under the age of 18, 8.7% aged 18 to 24, 26.4% aged 25 to 44, 22.4% aged 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65Template:Nbspyears of age or older. The median age was 32.3Template:Nbspyears. For every 100 females, there were 97.3 males.<ref name=DP1/>
There were 1,906 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert, of which 1,677 (88.0%) were occupied. Of these, 39.4% were owner-occupied, and 60.6% were occupied by renters.<ref name=DP1/>
In 2023, the US Census Bureau estimated that the median household income was $50,800, and the per capita income was $23,662. About 24.7% of families and 27.8% of the population were below the poverty line.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2010
The 2010 United States census<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> reported that Mojave had a population of 4,238. The population density was Template:Convert. The racial makeup of Mojave was 2,381 (56.2%) White, 638 (15.1%) African American, 54 (1.3%) Native American, 53 (1.3%) Asian, 19 (0.4%) Pacific Islander, 867 (20.5%) from other races, and 226 (5.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,592 persons (37.6%).
The 2010 Census reported that 4,238 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
There were 1,525 households, out of which 614 (40.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 597 (39.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 305 (20.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 111 (7.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 161 (10.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 9 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 417 households (27.3%) were made up of individuals, and 128 (8.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78. There were 1,013 families (66.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.37.
The population was spread out, with 1,298 people (30.6%) under the age of 18, 509 people (12.0%) aged 18 to 24, 938 people (22.1%) aged 25 to 44, 1,052 people (24.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 441 people (10.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.
There were 1,817 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert, of which 719 (47.1%) were owner-occupied, and 806 (52.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 5.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 13.7%. 1,907 people (45.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,331 people (55.0%) lived in rental housing units.
Notable people
Christopher Pike, Starfleet captain
References
Further reading
- Bailey, Richard C., Kern County Place Names, (Bakersfield, California: Merchant's Printing and Lithography Co., 1967).
- Beck, Warren A. and Ynez D. Haase, "92: Borax Mines and Roads of the Late 1800s," Historical Atlas of California, (Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1974).
External links
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