Monarchy of Cambodia

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Template:Short description Template:For Template:Use dmy dates Template:More citations needed Template:Infobox monarchy Template:Politics of Cambodia Template:History of Cambodia The monarchy of Cambodia is the constitutional monarchy of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The king of Cambodia (Template:Langx) is the head of state and head of the ruling Royal House of Norodom. In the contemporary period, the king's power has been limited to that of a symbolic figurehead. The monarchy had been in existence since at least 50 AD except during its abolition from 1970 to 1993. Since 1993, the king of Cambodia has been an elected monarch, making Cambodia one of the few elective monarchies of the world. The king is elected for life by the Royal Council of the Throne, which consists of several senior political and religious figures. Candidates are chosen from among male descendants of King Ang Duong who are at least 30 years old, from the two royal houses of Cambodia (the House of Norodom and the House of Sisowath).

Role

Cambodia's constitution, promulgated in 1993, stipulated the king's role as a mainly ceremonial one. It declared that the king "shall reign, but not govern"<ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 7.</ref> as well as being the "symbol of national unity and continuity".<ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 8.</ref>

The king performs important functions of state as required by the constitution. This includes but is not limited to:

  • Appointing the prime minister and the Cabinet.<ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter X, Article 119.</ref>
  • Convening over the opening of the two legislative bodies, the National Assembly of Cambodia and the Senate of Cambodia.<ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter VII, Article 82.</ref><ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter VIII, Article 106.</ref>
  • Serving as the supreme commander of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces.<ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 23.</ref>
  • Presiding over the Supreme Council of the National Defense.<ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 24.</ref>
  • Meeting with the prime minister on a semi-monthly basis in which the king is briefed on matters of state.<ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 20.</ref>
  • Signing the royal code/decree that gives effect to laws enacted by the legislature and proposals by the cabinet.<ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Articles 26 and 28.</ref>
  • Acting as "supreme arbiter" to enable the functioning of state institutions.<ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 9.</ref>
  • Receiving credentials from ambassadors.<ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 25.</ref>
  • Possessing the power of commutation and pardon.<ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 27.</ref>
  • Presiding over the Supreme Council of the Magistracy.<ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 21.</ref><ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter XI, Article 134.</ref>
  • Appointing a fixed number of members to serve on state institutions such as the Senate and the Constitutional Council.<ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter VIII, Article 100.</ref><ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter XII, Article 137.</ref>
  • Awarding of national honours.<ref>The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 29.</ref>

The king also fulfils other roles not explicitly mentioned in the constitution in his capacity as head of state, for example, presiding over events of national significance<ref>"Cambodian king,..."</ref> including religious ceremonies and traditions integral to the Khmer nation,<ref>"Cambodia marks..."</ref> supporting humanitarian and philanthropic causes,<ref>"$1 million royal gift..."</ref> and representing Cambodia abroad when undertaking official visits overseas.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Although there have been female rulers in the past, the 1993 constitution currently forbids women from succeeding to the throne.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Ministry of the Royal Palace

The Ministry of the Royal Palace, currently overseen by Minister Kuy Sophal in conjunction with the Supreme Privy Advisory Council, formerly headed by the King's half-brother Prince Norodom Ranariddh and now headed by former Prime Minister Hun Sen assists and advises the king accordingly in carrying out his duties as monarch.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Mythological history

Ancient period (68–1431)

Funan (68–627)

Order Monarch Name in foreign texts Reign
1 Queen Soma Chinese Call: Liǔyè
(traditional Khmer call: Neang Neak) 		68 – later 1st century
2 Kaundinya I Chinese Call: Hùntián
(traditional Khmer call: Preah Tong) 		later 1st century
3 Native name unknown Pán Huàng later 2nd century – 198
4 Native name unknown Hun Pan-pan 198–201
5 Śrīmāraña Fan Shiman 201–225
6 Native name unknown Template:Ill 225
7 Native name unknown Template:Ill 225–244
8 Native name unknown Template:Ill 244
9 Native name unknown Template:Ill 244–289
Unknown rulers: 289–c.357
10 Candana Tiānzhú Zhāntán c.357
Unknown rulers: c.357–410
11 Kaundinya II Qiáochénrú 410–434
12 Template:Ill Chílítuóbámó 434–435
Unknown rulers: 435–484
13 Jayavarman Kaundinya Shéyébámó 484–514
14 Queen Kulaprabhavati Chinese name unknown 514–517
15 Rudravarman Liútuóbámó 514–550
Unknown rulers: 550–627

Source:<ref name="pelliot">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="lost">Template:Cite book</ref>

Chenla (550–802)

Order Monarch Personal name Reign
1 Srutavarman Srutavarman 550–555
2 Sreshthavarman Sreshthavarman 555–560
3 Vīravarman Viravarman 560–575
4 Queen Kambuja-raja-lakshmi Kambujarajalakshmi 575–580
5 Bhavavarman I Bhavavarman 580–600
6 Mahendravarman Chet Sen 600–616
7 Isanavarman I Isanavarman 616–635
8 Bhavavarman II Bhavavarman 639–657
9 Jayavarman I Jayavarman 657–681
10 Queen Jayadevi Jayadevi c.681–713
Female successors of Sambhupura
11 Queen Indrani Indrani c.713–760
12 Queen Nṛpatendradevī Nrpatendradevi c.760–780
13 Queen Jayendrabhā Jayendrabha c.780–802
14 Queen Jyeṣṭhāryā Jyestharya c.802–803
Male successors of Template:Ill
11 Template:Ill Pushkaraksha c.713–730
12 Template:Ill Shambhuvarman c.730–760
13 Template:Ill Rajendravarman c.760–770
14 Mahipativarman Mahipativarman c.770–780
15 Jayavarman II Jayavarman c.780–802

Source:<ref name="pelliot"/><ref name="lost"/>

Khmer Empire (802–1431)

Order Monarch Personal name Reign
1 Jayavarman II Jayavarman 802–850
2 Jayavarman III Jayavarthon 850–877
3 Indravarman I Indravarman 877–889
4 Yasovarman I Yasovarthon 889–910
5 Harshavarman I Harshavarman 910–923
6 Ishanavarman II Isanavarman 923–928
7 Jayavarman IV Jayavarman 928–941
8 Harshavarman II Harshavarman 941–944
9 Rajendravarman II Rajedravarman 944–968
10 Jayavarman V Jayavarman 968–1001
11 Udayadityavarman I Udayadityavarman 1001–1002
12 Jayavirahvarman Jayavirahvarman 1002–1006
13 Suryavarman I Suryavarman 1006–1050
14 Udayadityavarman II Udayadityavarman 1050–1066
15 Harshavarman III Harshavarman 1066–1080
16 Nripatindravarman Nripatindravarman 1080–1113
17 Jayavarman VI Jayavarman 1080–1107
18 Dharanindravarman I Dharanindravarman 1107–1113
19 Suryavarman II Suryavarman 1113–1150
20 Dharanindravarman II Dharanindravarman 1150–1156
21 Yasovarman II Yasovarman 1156–1165
22 Tribhuvanadityavarman Tribhuvanadityavarman 1165–1177
Cham invasion by Jaya Indravarman: 1177–1181
23 Jayavarman VII Jayavarthon 1181–1218
24 Indravarman II Indrakumara 1218–1243
The first major Thai kingdom was created in Sukhothai, an area formerly ruled by Lavo in vassalage to Angkor: 1238
25 Jayavarman VIII Jayavarman 1243–1295
26 Indravarman III Srei Indravama 1295–1308
27 Indrajayavarman Srei Jayavama 1308–1327
28 Jayavarman IX Jayavama Borommesvarah 1327–1336
29 Trasak Paem Ponhea Chey 1336–1340
30 Nippean Bat Ponhea Kreak 1340–1346
31 Sithean Reachea Sidhanta Raja 1346–1347
32 Lompong Reachea Trasak Peam 1347–1352
Occupation by Uthong of Ayutthaya: 1352–1357
33 Soryavong Soryavong 1357–1363
34 Barom Reameathibtei Damkhat 1363–1373
35 Thomma Saok Kaeo Fa 1373–1393
Occupation by Ramesuan of Ayutthaya: 1394 (5 months)
36 Borom Reachea I Ponhea Yat 1394–1431
Ayutthaya invasion and fall of Angkor: 1431

Middle period (1431–1863)

Chaktomuk era (1431–1525)

Name Portrait Personal Name Reign
Borom Reachea I
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ponhea Yat
Template:Lang		 1431–1463
Noreay Reameathiptei
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Narayanaraja
Template:Lang		 1463–1469
Reachea Reameathiptei
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Sri Raja
Template:Lang		 1469–1475
Srei Soriyotei
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Rajadhiraja 1472–1475
Thommo Reachea I
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Dhammarajadhiraja 1476–1504
Srei Sukonthor
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Damkhat Sukonthor 1504–1512

Longvek era (1525–1594)

Name Portrait Personal Name Reign
Srei Chettha
Template:Lang		 File:King Srey Chetha.jpg Sdach Korn
Template:Lang		 1512–1521
Civil war: Srei Chettha and Chan Reachea war: 1516–1525
Chan Reachea
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ponhea Chan
Template:Lang		 1516–1566
Baraminreachea
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Satha Mahindharaja 1566–1576
Satha I
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Barom Reachea IV
Template:Lang		 1576–1584
Chey Chettha I
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Chey Chettha
Template:Lang		 1584–1594
Ayutthaya invasion and fall of Longvek: 1591–1594

Srei Santhor era (1594–1620)

Name Portrait Personal Name Reign
Preah Ram I
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Reamea Cheung Prey
Template:Lang		 1594–1596
Preah Ram II
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Keo Ban On 1596–1597
Paramaraja II (Barom Reachea II)
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ponhea Ton
Template:Lang		 1597–1599
Paramaraja III (Barom Reachea III)
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ponhea An
Template:Lang		 1599–1600
Kaev Hua I
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ponhea Nhom
Template:Lang		 1600–1603
Paramaraja IV (Barom Reachea IV)
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Srei Soriyopor
Template:Lang		 1603–1618

Oudong era (1620–1863)

Name Portrait Personal Name Reign Relationship to predecessor
Chey Chettha II
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg 1618–1628 Son
Dhammaraja II (Thommo Reachea II)
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ponhea To
Template:Lang		 1628–1631 Son
Ang Tong Reachea
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ponhea Nou
Template:Lang		 1631–1640 Brother
Padumaraja (Batom Reachea)
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang Non
Template:Lang		 1640–1642 CousinTemplate:Efn
Ramadhipati (Reameathiptei I) or Sultan Ibrahim
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ponhea Chan
Template:Lang		 1642–1658 Cousin
Paramaraja V (Barom Reachea V)
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang So
Template:Lang		 1658–1672 Cousin
Chey Chettha III
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg 1672–1673 NephewTemplate:Efn
Kaev Hua II
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang Chee
Template:Lang		 1673–1674 CousinTemplate:Efn
Batom Reachea III
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang Nan 1674 Template:Efn
Chey Chettha IV
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang Sor 1675–1695, 1696–1699, 1700–1702 and 1703–1706 Template:Efn
Queen Tey
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg 1687 Mother<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Outey I
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang Yong
Template:Lang		 1695–1696 Cousin once removedTemplate:Efn
Parama Ramadhipati (Barom Reameathiptei)
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang Em 1699–1700 and 1710–1722 Template:Efn
Dhammaraja III (Thommo Reachea III)
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang Tham 1702–1703, 1706–1709 and 1736–1747 Template:Efn
Satha II
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang Chey
Template:Lang		 1722–1736 and 1749 Template:Efn
Dhammaraja IV (Thommo Reachea IV)
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang Em
Template:Lang		 1747 Template:Efn
Ramadhipati III (Reameathiptei III)
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang Tong
Template:Lang		 1748–1749, 1755–1758 Brother-in-law
Chey Chettha V
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang Snguon
Template:Lang		 1749–1755 Brother-in-law
Udayaraja II (Outey Reachea II)
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang Ton
Template:Lang		 1758–1775 Cousin twice removedTemplate:Efn
Ream Reachea
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang Non II
Template:Lang		 1775–1779 Cousin once removedTemplate:Efn
Narayanaraja III (Neareay Reachea III)
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang Eng
Template:Lang		 1779–1782, 1794–1796 Cousin twice removedTemplate:Efn
Regency, Outey Reachea III being a minor: 1796–1806
Udayaraja III (Outey Reachea III)
Template:Lang		 File:Royal Crown of Cambodia (heraldry).svg Ang Chan II
Template:Lang		 1806–1834 Son
Queen Ang Mey
Template:Lang		 File:Ang Mey, Queen of Cambodia.jpeg Ksat Trey 1835–1840, 1844–1846 Daughter
Hariraksa Rama Issaradhipati (Harireak Reamea Issarathiptei)
Template:Lang		 File:Ang Duong (cropped).jpg Ang Duong
Template:Lang		 1848–1860 Uncle
Norodom Prohmbarirak
Template:Lang		 File:Norodom, the King of Cambodia Wellcome V0037202.jpg Ang Voddey
Template:Lang		 19 October 1860
–
11 August 1863 		Son

Modern period (1863–present)

French protectorate of Cambodia (1863–1953)

Name Portrait House Birth Death Relationship to predecessor
Norodom Prohmbarirak
Template:Lang
11 August 1863
–
24 April 1904
Template:Small		 File:Norodom, the King of Cambodia Wellcome V0037202.jpg Norodom 3 February 1834
Angkor Borei		 24 April 1904
Phnom Penh
Aged: Template:Age in years and days		 Son
Sisowath Chamchakrapong
Template:Lang
27 April 1904
–
9 August 1927
Template:Small		 File:Prince Sisawat.jpg Sisowath 7 September 1840
Mongkol Borey		 9 August 1927
Phnom Penh
Aged: Template:Age in years and days		 Half-brother
Sisowath Monivong
Template:Lang
9 August 1927
–
23 April 1941
Template:Small		 File:Sisowath Monivong sitting (crop).jpg Sisowath 27 December 1875
Phnom Penh		 23 April 1941
Kampot
Aged: Template:Age in years and days		 Son
Norodom Sihanouk<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Lang
24 April 1941
–
2 March 1955
Template:Small		 File:Norodom Sihanouk Coronation Regalia 1941 bw.jpg Norodom 31 October 1922
Phnom Penh		 15 October 2012
Beijing
Aged: Template:Age in years and days		 Maternal grandson

First Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)

Name Portrait House Birth Death Relationship to predecessor
King Norodom Suramarit
Template:Lang
3 March 1955
–
3 April 1960
Template:Small		 File:Norodom Suramarit (1952) (cropped 3x4).jpg Norodom 6 March 1896
Phnom Penh		 3 April 1960
Phnom Penh
Aged: Template:Age in years and days		 Father
Queen Sisowath Kossamak
Template:Lang
20 June 1960
–
9 October 1970
Template:SmallTemplate:Efn		 File:Sisowath Kossamak 81’05” (1) (crop 2x3).jpg Sisowath
Template:Small
Norodom
Template:Small		 9 April 1904
Phnom Penh		 27 April 1975
Beijing
Aged: Template:Age in years and days		 Consort

Second Kingdom of Cambodia (1993–present)

Name Portrait House Birth Death Relationship to predecessor
Norodom Sihanouk
Template:Lang
24 September 1993
–
7 October 2004
Template:Small		 File:Norodom Sihanouk - late 80s early 90s (crop 2x3).jpg Norodom 31 October 1922
Phnom Penh		 15 October 2012
Beijing
Aged: Template:Age in years and days		 Son
Norodom Sihamoni
Template:Lang
14 October 2004
–
present
Template:Small		 File:King Norodom Sihamoni (2019).jpg Norodom 14 May 1953
Phnom Penh		 Living
Age: Template:Age in years and days		 Son

Royal symbols

See also

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Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

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