Municipalities of Portugal

The municipality (Template:Langx or Template:Lang) is the second-level administrative subdivision of Portugal, as defined by the 1976 Constitution.<ref name="Cons05">Template:Cite web</ref>

As a general rule, each municipality is further subdivided into parishes (freguesias); the municipalities in the north of the country usually have a higher number of parishes. Six municipalities are composed of only one parish, and Barcelos, with 61 parishes, has the most. Corvo is, by law, the only municipality with no parishes.

Since the creation of a democratic local administration, in 1976, the Portuguese municipalities have been ruled by a system composed of an executive body (the municipal chamber) and a deliberative body (the municipal assembly). The municipal chamber is the executive body and is composed of the president of the municipality and a number of councillors proportional to the municipality's population. The municipal assembly is composed of the presidents of all the parishes that compose the municipality, as well as by a number of directly elected deputies, at least equal to the number of parish presidents plus one. Both bodies are elected for four years.<ref name="Cons05"/>

Portugal has an entirely separate system of ceremonial cities and towns. Cities and towns are located in municipalities but often do not have the same boundaries, even they are continuously built up. There are around twice as many cities and towns as there are municipalities.

History

The municipality has been the most stable subdivision of Portugal since the foundation of the country in the 12th century.<ref name="Silveira">Template:Cite web Template:Free access</ref><ref name="SOP">Manuel Lima (2005), Template:Cite web</ref> They have their origin in the foral, a legal document, issued by the King of Portugal, which assigned privileges to a town or a region. The present subdivisions have their origins in the 19th century after the administrative reforms conducted by the middle of the 19th century by the governments of the constitutional monarchy.

The concelhos probably formed after the expulsion of the Visigothic rulers by the Moors during the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. Towns were thus left free to govern themselves, and the population started to organize in councils (concelhos in Portuguese) in order to govern the town and surrounding lands. These were also a reminder of Roman municipalities.

The existence since the Middle Ages of a large number of small municipalities with no financial resources and without people qualified to take part in municipal councils caused the stagnation of their growth. The Liberal revolution of 1836, resulted in the suppression/annexation of many of these smaller municipalities, which allowed the infusion of new revenues and facilitated growth in population and size.<ref name=Silveira/>

Geography

There are 308 municipalities in Portugal: 278 in mainland Portugal, 19 in the autonomous region of the Azores, and 11 in Madeira. They are usually named for their biggest city, or at least, their historically most important city or town. However, the municipality is not synonymous with the city (or urban centre) and can include various towns or cities. In Portugal, cities/towns are a social distinction based on population size and associated services and have no legal representation in law or constitution.

Portugal has no unincorporated areas; all the national territory belongs to a municipality, including uninhabited islands: Berlengas to Peniche, Desertas Islands to Santa Cruz, Selvagens Islands to Funchal, and Formigas Islets to Vila do Porto.

Portugal is divided into 18 continental districts (Template:Langx) and two autonomous regions (Template:Langx), Azores and Madeira. The table below is the distribution of the municipalities within these districts and the autonomous regions:

The 18 districts and 2 autonomous regions of Portugal, subdivided into their municipalities.

Order	District/Autonomous Region	Municipalities
01.	Aveiro	Template:Center
02.	Beja	Template:Center
03.	Braga	Template:Center
04.	Bragança	Template:Center
05.	Castelo Branco	Template:Center
06.	Coimbra	Template:Center
07.	Évora	Template:Center
08.	Faro	Template:Center
09.	Guarda	Template:Center
10.	Leiria	Template:Center
11.	Lisbon	Template:Center
12.	Portalegre	Template:Center
13.	Porto	Template:Center
14.	Santarém	Template:Center
15.	Setúbal	Template:Center
16.	Viana do Castelo	Template:Center
17.	Vila Real	Template:Center
18.	Viseu	Template:Center
19.	Azores	Template:Center
20.	Madeira	Template:Center

The biggest municipalities are those located in rural and inland areas where the dominating property type is the latifundia, such as Beja, Évora, or Portalegre in the south, and also in other less populated areas, such as Bragança or Castelo Branco.

The most populous municipalities are those located near the sea, and especially around the metropolitan areas of Lisbon, Porto, and Braga, while the less populous municipalities are located in the inland regions of Alentejo and Trás-os-Montes. The municipalities with the lowest population densities are also found in these inland regions, with smaller populations distributed over a greater area.

Demographics

The following chart show municipalities (as of 2024) with populations over 100,000.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Around 190 municipalities have less than 20,000 inhabitants each.

Rank	Municipality	Population	Land area (km2)	Density (people/km2)	Metropolitan area
1	Lisbon	575,739	100.1	5,755	Lisbon
2	Sintra	400,947	319.2	1,256
3	Vila Nova de Gaia	312,984	168.5	1,858	Porto
4	Porto	252,687	41.4	6,101
5	Cascais	222,339	97.4	2,283	Lisbon
6	Loures	209,877	167.2	1,255
7	Braga	203,519	183.4	1,110
8	Almada	183,643	70.2	2,616	Lisbon
9	Amadora	181,607	23.8	7,637
10	Matosinhos	181,046	62.4	2,900	Porto
11	Oeiras	177,866	45.9	3,877	Lisbon
12	Seixal	176,883	95.5	1,852
13	Gondomar	169,388	133.9	1,285	Porto
14	Guimarães	156,513	241.0	650
15	Odivelas	156,278	26.5	5,888	Lisbon
16	Coimbra	146,899	319.4	460
17	Maia	144,664	83.0	1,743	Porto
18	Vila Franca de Xira	140,711	318.2	442	Lisbon
19	Santa Maria da Feira	140,568	215.9	651	Porto
20	Vila Nova de Famalicão	136,704	201.6	678
21	Leiria	136,006	565.1	241
22	Setúbal	124,339	230.3	540	Lisbon
23	Barcelos	116,959	378.9	309
24	Funchal	108,129	76.1	1,420
25	Viseu	103,502	507.1	204
26	Valongo	101,464	75.1	1,351	Porto

See also

• List of municipalities of Portugal
• Municipality
• Subdivisions of Portugal