Municipalities in Tlaxcala are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico.<ref name="constitution">Template:Cite act</ref> Every three years, citizens elect a municipal president (Spanish: presidente municipal) by a plurality voting system who heads a concurrently elected municipal council (ayuntamiento) responsible for providing public services for their constituents. The municipal council consists of a variable number of trustees and councillors (regidores y síndicos).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Municipalities are responsible for public services (such as water and sewerage), street lighting, public safety, traffic, and the maintenance of public parks, gardens, and cemeteries.<ref name="Mexicolaws">Template:Cite book</ref> They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection, and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1984, they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own income.<ref name="Mexicolaws" />
The largest municipality by population is Tlaxcala, with 99,896 residents (7.43% of the state total), while the smallest is San Lucas Tecopilco with 3,077 residents.<ref name="census2020" /> The largest municipality by land area is Tlaxco which spans Template:Convert, and the smallest is San Lorenzo Axocomanitla with Template:Convert.<ref name=Landarea /> In 1995, 16 municipalities were created, the most recent being Benito Juárez, which was established on October 9, 1995.<ref name=dates>Template:Cite book</ref>
Municipalities
Largest municipalities in Tlaxcala by population
Tlaxcala, capital and largest municipality by population in Tlaxcala
Huamantla is the second most populous municipality.
Incorporation date<ref name=dates /><ref group="lower-alpha">If there is no primary source for the incorporation date, the oldest date in which the municipality is referred to is used.<ref name=dates/></ref>
km2
sq mi
Acuamanala<ref group="lower-alpha">Acuamanala was originally incorporated as Miguel Hidalgo, changing its name on Template:Dts.<ref name=dates/></ref>
Ixtacuixtla<ref group="lower-alpha">Ixtacuixtla was originally incorporated as San Felipe Yxtacuixtla, changing its name on Template:Dts.<ref name=dates/></ref>
Mazatecochco<ref group="lower-alpha">Mazatecochco was originally incorporated as José María Morelos, changing its name on Template:Dts.<ref name=dates/></ref>
Nanacamilpa<ref group="lower-alpha">Nanacamilpa was originally incorporated as Ing. Manuel Santillán, changing its name to Mariano Arista in 1944 and to its current name on Template:Dts.<ref name=dates/></ref>
Tzompantepec<ref group="lower-alpha">Tzompantepec was originally incorporated as San Salvador Zumpantepec, changing its name on Template:Dts.<ref name=dates/></ref>
Yauhquemehcan<ref group="lower-alpha">Yauhquemehcan was originally incorporated as San Dionisio Yeuquemecan, changing its name on Template:Dts.<ref name=dates/></ref>