Murmur (album)
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Murmur is the debut studio album by American alternative rock band R.E.M., released on April 12, 1983, by I.R.S. Records. The album was recorded in the winter of 1983 at Reflection Studios in Charlotte, North Carolina, with musicians Don Dixon and Mitch Easter serving as producers. Murmur received critical acclaim upon release for its unconventional sound, defined by lead singer Michael Stipe's cryptic lyrics, guitarist Peter Buck's jangly playing style, and countermelodic lines from bassist Mike Mills. In 2003, the album was ranked number 197 in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> It retained the position in the 2012 list and was raised to number 165 in the 2020 revision.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Background and recording
R.E.M. started preparing for their debut album in December 1982. I.R.S. paired R.E.M. with producer Stephen Hague, who had a higher profile than the band's previous producer Mitch Easter.Template:Sfn Hague's emphasis on technical perfection did not suit the band; the producer made the group perform multiple takes of the song "Catapult", which demoralized drummer Bill Berry. Hague then took the completed track to Syncro Sound studios in Boston and added keyboard parts without the band's permission and to their dismay.Template:Sfn Unsatisfied, the band members asked the label to let them record with Easter.Template:Sfn I.R.S. agreed to a "tryout" session, allowing the band to travel to North Carolina and record the song "Pilgrimage" with Easter and producing partner Don Dixon. After hearing the track, I.R.S. permitted the group to record the album with Dixon and Easter.Template:Sfn
On January 6, 1983, R.E.M. entered Reflection Studios in Charlotte, North Carolina, to begin recording sessions with Easter and Dixon. Much of the band's material for the album had been tested on preceding tours. Because of their bad experience with Hague, the band recorded the album via a process of negation, refusing to incorporate rock music clichés such as guitar solos or then-popular synthesizers to give it a timeless feel.Template:Sfn Berry specifically was resistant to "odd" musical suggestions, insisting that his drums be recorded in a drummer's booth, a practice that was considered antiquated at the time.Template:Sfn Dixon and Easter took a hands-off approach to much of the recording process. The pair would only fix up a vocal track or ask lead singer Michael Stipe to re-record a vocal if it was very substandard.Template:Sfn "Being both musicians, our approach was to leave as little imprint as possible," Dixon recalled in 1994. "We felt like our job was to, as cheaply as possible, reproduce what appeared to be just them playing live."Template:Sfn
Due to Buck's Fender Twin Reverb amplifier being "dead", every song except 'Pilgrimage' instead featured Easter's Ampeg Gemini II. Mills's Dan Armstrong bass guitar was set aside in favor of a Rickenbacker 4001 owned by Easter's girlfriend.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In a rare instance of R.E.M. co-writing, Stipe asked friend Neil Bogan to contribute lyrics to "West of the Fields".<ref name="liner notes">Template:Cite AV media notes</ref>
Recording was completed on February 23, 1983.Template:Cn
Composition and music
On Murmur, R.E.M.'s sound is "firmly" rooted in American folk rock, post-punk, and garage rock. According to Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic, the band abandoned the "garagey jangle pop" of their previous releases, instead opting for "a strangely subdued variation of their trademark sound." He explained, "Heightening the enigmatic tendencies of Chronic Town by de-emphasizing the backbeat and accentuating the ambience of the ringing guitar, R.E.M. created a distinctive sound for the album -- one that sounds eerily timeless. [...] Murmur sounds as if it appeared out of nowhere, without any ties to the past, present, or future. [...] The songs on Murmur sound as if they've existed forever, yet they subvert folk and pop conventions by taking unpredictable twists and turns into melodic, evocative territory." The album's production has been described as "atmospheric." The album also incorporates piano.<ref name=AllMuMurmur/>
R.E.M. guitarist Peter Buck took stylistic cues from the Byrds, Television, and the Feelies. Vocalist Michael Stipe has been said to have "elevated mumbled vocals to an art form." The album's rhythm section is heavily influenced by British post-punk, though with less of the funk influence associated with the style.<ref name="Earles">Template:Cite book</ref>
Artwork and packaging
The front cover features an image of a large quantity of the noxious weed kudzu, which grows so rapidly that it overtakes the landscape and kills other plants by completely shading them. The trestle featured on the back cover of the original vinyl LP release, originally part of the Georgia Railroad line into downtown Athens, became a local landmark. Plans to demolish the trestle, now commonly referred to as the "Murmur Trestle", were met with public outcry. On October 2, 2000, the Athens-Clarke County Mayor and Commission voted to save the trestle.<ref>Template:Cite web, Athens-Clarke County Online. Retrieved August 17, 2006.</ref> In 2012, the local government said it cannot afford to keep it and declared in 2016 that it would likely come down.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Later that year, the Athens-Clarke County Commission suggested that a trail tax could fund its existence.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Murmur Trestle was approved for demolition in 2019, and work began in 2020 to destroy it. The replacement bridge, part of the Firefly Trail, is composed of three sections: a replica of the original wooden trestle design and two sections of new weathered steel arches.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The bridge was opened to the public in April 2023.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Copies of the initial tape edition (catalogue number CS 70604) list a cover of "There She Goes Again" by the Velvet Underground as the final track, but it is not present. This mistake was fixed with subsequent printings. The track was rumored to be intended for Murmur, but removed so that all the tracks would be original and the group would not have to take a royalty cut.Template:Citation needed The band later distanced itself from this rumor.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The cover was included as a B-side to the I.R.S. issue of "Radio Free Europe" instead.Template:Sfn
Reception and legacy
Murmur was released in April 1983. The record reached number 36 on the Billboard album chart.Template:Sfn A re-recorded version of "Radio Free Europe" was the album's lead single and reached number 78 on the Billboard singles chart that year. Despite the acclaim awarded the album, by the end of 1983 Murmur had only sold about 200,000 copies, which I.R.S.'s Jay Boberg felt was below expectations.Template:Sfn Murmur was eventually certified gold (500,000 units shipped) by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1991.<ref name="RIAA">Search for R.E.M.: Gold and Platinum data. RIAA.com. Retrieved on May 12, 2008.</ref>
The album drew substantial critical acclaim. Rolling Stone called it "epochal"<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and gave the album four out of five stars. Reviewer Steve Pond felt the album fulfilled the promise the band showed on Chronic Town. He wrote, "Murmur is the record on which [R.E.M.] trade that potential for results: an intelligent, enigmatic, deeply involving album, it reveals a depth and cohesiveness to R.E.M. that the EP could only suggest." He concluded, "R.E.M. is clearly the important Athens band."<ref name="rs"/> Jonathan Gregg of Record described Murmur as "a splendid little film noir of an album, austere but rich in implication." He particularly praised the band's distinctive "twitchy, restless dance beat" and the incomprehensibility of the album's meaning, noting that Stipe's already enigmatic lyrics are often hard to make out due to being sung with a deliberate slur, lost in a muddy mix, and/or drowned out by the instrumental work, resulting in an impressive sense of meaning even as the meaning itself is not understood.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> It was Rolling Stone's Best Album of 1983, beating Michael Jackson's Thriller, The Police's Synchronicity and U2's War. Buck noted in 2002 that I.R.S. was "mind-boggled" by the album's positive reviews, especially in the British press, since R.E.M. had not yet toured that country.Template:Sfn
In 2016, Dan Weiss of Paste Magazine wrote: "Punk never quite married Rickenbacker arpeggios until 'Radio Free Europe' and 'Sitting Still' made it safe for bands like the dB's."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
A 2023 listing of the best debut albums by Paste included Murmur at sixth place, stating that "the way Buck’s guitar and Mike Mills’ bass busily bounced around otherwise simple choruses created something entirely new".<ref name="pastedebut">Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 2025, Radio X included the album in its list of "The 25 best indie debut albums of the 1980s".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic gave the album a perfect score, and wrote: "R.E.M. may have made albums as good as Murmur in the years following its release, but they never again made anything that sounded quite like it."<ref name=AllMuMurmur/> Music journalist Andrew Earles highlighted the tracks "Laughing" and "Sitting Still" in his book Gimme Indie Rock, calling them "required listening for absolutely any fan of American underground rock".<ref name="Earles"/>
Accolades
Since its release, Murmur has featured heavily in various "must have" lists compiled by the music media. In 1989, it was rated number eight on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 greatest albums of the 1980s.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2003, the TV network VH1 named Murmur the 92nd greatest album of all time.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Some of the more prominent of these lists to feature Murmur are shown below. The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
| Publication | Country | Accolade | Year | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rolling Stone | US | Top 100 Albums of the Last 20 Years<ref name="altpress">Template:Cite web</ref> | 1987 | #58 |
| Spin | US | 100 Alternative Albums<ref name="Spinmag">Template:Cite web</ref> | 1995 | #8 |
| Pitchfork Media | US | Top 100 Albums of the 1980s<ref name="pitchfm">Template:Cite web</ref> | 2002 | #5 |
| Rolling Stone | US | The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time<ref name="RS1234">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> | 2012 | #197 |
| 2020 | #165 | |||
| Blender | US | 500 CDs You Must Own Before You Die<ref name="Blender">Template:Cite web</ref> | 2003 | |
| Q | UK | The 40 Best Records of the 80s<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> | 2006 | #6 |
| Mojo | UK | The 100 Records That Changed the World<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> | 2007 | #75 |
| Slant Magazine | US | Best Albums of the 1980s<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | 2012 | #13 |
| Rolling Stone | US | The 100 Best Debut Albums of All Time<ref name="RS">Template:Cite web</ref> | 2013 | #18 |
Track listing
All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe, except "West of the Fields" by Berry, Buck, Mills, Stipe, and Neil Bogan.
Side one
- "Radio Free Europe" – 4:06
- "Pilgrimage" – 4:30
- "Laughing" – 3:57
- "Talk About the Passion" – 3:23
- "Moral Kiosk" – 3:31
- "Perfect Circle" – 3:29
Side two
- "Catapult" – 3:55
- "Sitting Still" – 3:17
- "9–9" – 3:03
- "Shaking Through" – 4:30
- "We Walk" – 3:02
- "West of the Fields" – 3:17
Personnel
R.E.M.
- Bill Berry – drums, backing vocals, percussion, piano on "Perfect Circle"<ref name=tapeop>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Peter Buck – electric and acoustic guitars
- Mike Mills – bass guitar, backing vocals, piano,Template:Sfn<ref name=tapeop /> organ, acoustic guitar, vibraphone on "Pilgrimage"<ref name=perfectcircle8586>REM: Perfect Circle, Tony Fletcher, Omnibus Press (p 85–86)</ref>
- Michael Stipe – lead vocals
Production and additional musicians
- Greg Calbi – mastering at Sterling Sound, New York City
- Don Dixon – co-producer, acoustic guitar,<ref name="perfectcircle8586" /> bass guitar on "Perfect Circle"<ref name=tapeop />
- Mitch Easter – co-producer, acoustic guitar, backwards guitar on "Perfect Circle",<ref name="perfectcircle8586" /> additional snare drum on "Radio Free Europe"<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Unnamed member of the Charlotte Symphony Orchestra – cello on "Talk About The Passion"Template:Sfn
- Carl Grasso – art design
- Ann Kinney – art design
- Sandra Lee Phipps – photography and art design
Chart performance
| Year | Chart | Position |
|---|---|---|
| 1983 | US Billboard 200 | 36Template:Sfn |
| 1994 | UK Albums Chart | 100Template:Sfn |
| 1996 | 111Template:Sfn | |
| 2009 | 199 (Deluxe Edition)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
Singles
| Year | Single | Chart | Position |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1983 | "Radio Free Europe" | Billboard Mainstream Rock | 25 |
| 1983 | "Radio Free Europe" | Billboard Pop Singles | 78 |
Certifications
| Organization | Level | Date |
|---|---|---|
| RIAA – US | Gold | October 10, 1991 |
Release history
Murmur was bundled together with Chronic Town and Reckoning in the United Kingdom as The Originals in 1993.
On November 25, 2008, I.R.S. Records, A&M, and Universal Music released a 25th anniversary edition two-disc reissue of Murmur. Disc one features the standard 12-track album, digitally remastered, and disc two contains a previously unreleased live concert the band played at Larry's Hideaway in Toronto on July 9, 1983. This set was recorded by Blair Packham of the Jitters.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In addition to Murmur songs, the set includes tracks from Chronic Town, a Velvet Underground cover, and early versions of songs from Reckoning and Lifes Rich Pageant.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The release also includes a fold-out poster insert, featuring exclusive essays by Don Dixon and Mitch Easter, as well as former I.R.S. executives Jay Boberg, Sig Sigworth, and art designer Carl Grasso.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Template:Dts | I.R.S. | vinyl LP | SP 70604 |
| 44797-0014-1 | ||||
| Compact disc | 44797-0014-2 | |||
| cassette tape | 44797-0014-4 | |||
| CS 70604 | ||||
| United Kingdom | Template:Dts | I.R.S. | LP | 70014 |
| United States | Template:Dts | I.R.S./A&M | Compact Disc | 70014 |
| The Netherlands | Template:Dts | Illegal | LP | 25433 |
| South Africa | Template:Dts | I.R.S./CBS | LP | ASF-2886 |
| Worldwide | Template:Dts | A&M | Compact Disc | 70014 |
| Worldwide | Template:Dts | A&M | Compact Disc | 129 |
| The Netherlands | Template:Dts | EMI | Compact Disc | 7 13158 2† |
| The Netherlands | Template:Dts | I.R.S. | LP | 4653781 |
| United States | Template:Dts | Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab | LP | 231‡ |
| Compact Disc | 642‡ | |||
| Europe | Template:Dts | EMI | Compact Disc | 13158† |
| Europe | Template:Dts | I.R.S. | Compact Disc | 7131582† |
| Asia | Template:Dts | Toshiba/EMI | Compact Disc | 53571 |
| United States | Template:Dts | I.R.S./Universal Music Group | Compact Disc | B0012251-02• |
†I.R.S. Vintage Years edition, with bonus tracks
‡Remastered edition on 180-gram vinyl and gold Compact Disc
•Remastered Deluxe Edition, with Live at Larry's Hide-Away bonus disc
| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | Template:Dts | I.R.S./EMI | CD box set | 7243 8 35088 2 2 |
See also
References
Further reading
- Template:Cite book
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- Template:Cite book
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- Niimi, J. (2005). Murmur. The Continuum International Publishing Group Inc. Template:ISBN.
Notes
External links
- Template:MusicBrainz release (I.R.S. Vintage Years edition)
- Template:MusicBrainz release (Deluxe Edition)