Music for 18 Musicians

Template:Short description Music for 18 Musicians is a work of minimalist music composed by Steve Reich during 1974–1976. Its world premiere was on April 24, 1976, at The Town Hall in the Midtown Manhattan Theater District. Following this, a recording of the piece was released by ECM Records in 1978. The 1998 recording for Nonesuch Records won the Grammy Award for Best Small Ensemble Performance.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Composition

In his introduction to the score, Reich mentions that although the piece is named Music for 18 Musicians, it is not necessarily advisable to perform the piece with that few players due to the extensive need for musicians to perform on multiple instruments.

The piece is based on a cycle of eleven chords. A small piece of music is based on each chord, and the piece returns to the original cycle at the end. The sections are named "Pulses", and Section I–XI. This was Reich's first attempt at writing for larger ensembles, and the extension of performers resulted in a growth of psychoacoustic effects, which fascinated Reich, and he noted that he would like to "explore this idea further". A prominent factor in this work is the augmentation of the harmonies and melodies and the way that they develop this piece. Another important factor in the piece is the use of human breath, used in the clarinets and voices, which help structure and bring a pulse to the piece. The player plays the pulsing note for as long as they can hold it, while each chord is melodically deconstructed by the ensemble, along with augmentation of the notes held. The metallophone (unplugged vibraphone), is used to cue the ensemble to change patterns or sections.

Some sections of the piece have a chiastic ABCDCBA structure, and Reich noted that this one work contained more harmonic movement in the first five minutes than any other work he had previously written.

Recordings

There have been many performances of the piece, and several commercial recordings:

• The original album by Steve Reich and Musicians (1978)
• The Nonesuch version, played by Reich and musicians along with new musicians, divides the album into 14 songs that seamlessly flow into each other played front to back. a new recording of which is included on Steve Reich: Works 1965-1995<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (1997/2015)
• The Ensemble Modern version (1999)
• The Amadinda Percussion Group version, a live concert recording<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (2003)
• The Grand Valley State University New Music Ensemble version (2007)
  • This 2007 Innova release, the first recorded in surround sound, has received critical praise, including from Steve Reich.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• The Rough Fields Overdubbed Version (2014), the first recorded by a solo musician with Steve Reich's blessing<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• The Harmonia Mundi version, played by Ensemble Signal.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (2015)
• The Erik Hall solo version (2020)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• The Ensemble LINKS, Rémi Durupt version on KAIROS. (2020)
• Colin Currie Group and Synergy Vocals (2023)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • This 2023 recording is available in Dolby Atmos.

The version on Works 1965–1995 lasts just over an hour.

The remix album Reich Remixed includes an interpretation of Music for 18 Musicians by the British duo Coldcut.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Structure

With only 18 musicians, the parts are divided as follows:

1. violin
2. cello
3. female voice
4. female voice
5. female voice
6. piano
7. piano
8. piano and maracas
9. marimba and maracas
10. marimba and xylophone
11. marimba and xylophone
12. marimba and xylophone
13. metallophone and piano
14. piano and marimba
15. marimba, xylophone, and piano
16. clarinet and bass clarinet
17. clarinet and bass clarinet
18. female voice and piano

External links

• SteveReich.com MP3 of the opening through section II available under Multimedia: MP3
• Boosey&Hawkes entry (includes composer's notes)
• Lowlands 2013 Performance by Steve Reich & Ensemble