National Congress of Chile
Template:Short description Template:Infobox legislature
The National Congress of Chile<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (Template:Langx) is the legislative branch of the Republic of Chile. According to the current Constitution (Chilean Constitution of 1980), it is a bicameral organ made up of a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate. Established by law No. 18678,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the city of Valparaíso is its official headquarters.
Chile's congress is the oldest operational in Latin America and one of the oldest in Ibero-America. The First Chilean National Congress was founded on July 4, 1811, to decide the best kind of government for the Kingdom of Chile during the captivity of King Ferdinand VII in the hands of Napoleon.
The Chamber of Deputies is composed of 155 deputies (Spanish: diputados) elected to four-year terms. Re-election is possible for a maximum of two times, which means that the deputy may remain in the post for up to 12 years.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> The country has 28 electoral districts (Spanish: distritos electoral) which each elect between 3 and 8 deputies.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref>
The Senate is composed of 50 senators (Spanish: senadores) elected to eight-year terms. Re-election is possible at most one time, which means a senator can remain in the post for up to 16 years.<ref name=":0" /> The electoral divisions of the Senate are different from those of the Chamber of Deputies. Each of the 16 regions of Chile forms a senatorial constituency (Spanish: circunscripción senatorial) that elects between 2 and 5 senators.<ref name=":1" />
The Congress's powers, duties and processes are defined in articles 42 to 59 of the current constitution of 1980 and through the Constitutional Organic Law No. 18918<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> published in 1990.
The current electoral system (or voting system) in Chile is proportional and inclusive according to the 2015 update of the organic law No. 18700, article 179 bis.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The National Congress was closed without an immediate renewal of the members of its two chambers during three periods: 1924-1925, June-October 1932 and 1973-1989.
A new four-years legislative period begins with the installation of the National Congress. The LVI legislative period of the Chilean Congress began on March 11, 2022 and will end in 2026.
History
Patria Vieja
Patria Nueva
Dictatorship 1973-1990
On 13 September 1973, the Government Junta of Chile dissolved Congress.<ref>"Junta general names himself as new President of Chile". The Guardian. 14 September 1973. Retrieved 31 October 2018.</ref>
During the last years of the Pinochet regime, the current building of Congress was built in the port city of Valparaíso, some 140 km west of the country's capital, Santiago. This new building replaced the Former National Congress Building, located in downtown Santiago.
Transition to Democracy
Between 1989 and 2013, elections in Chile were carried out following a binomial voting system, which was prescribed in 1980 during the Military dictatorship of Chile.
The binomial system was considered by most analysts as the main constitutional lock that prevented completion of the Chilean transition to democracy.
See also
References
External links
Template:Chile topics Template:National bicameral legislatures Template:SouthAmerican legislatures Template:Legislatures of the Americas Template:Authority control Template:Coord