National Union of Railwaymen

The National Union of Railwaymen was a trade union of railway workers in the United Kingdom. The largest railway workers' union in the country, it was influential in the national trade union movement.<ref name="eaton" />

History

The NUR was an industrial union founded in 1913 by the merger of the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants (founded 1872), the United Pointsmen and Signalmen's Society (founded 1880) and the General Railway Workers' Union (founded 1889).<ref>Raynes, 1921, p. 165.</ref>

The NUR represented the majority of railway workers, but not white-collar workers, who were members of the Railway Clerks' Association (founded 1897, later the Transport Salaried Staffs' Association). NUR membership was open to drivers and firemen but most chose instead to be members of the Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen (founded 1880).

In 1914 the NUR joined forces with the National Transport Workers' Federation and Mining Federation of Great Britain to form the Triple Alliance – perhaps an unfortunate name, as the same year the Triple Entente of Britain, France and Russia and the Triple Alliance of Germany, and Austria-Hungary (albeit without Italy) went to war.

In 1919 the NUR and ASLEF jointly organised the 1919 United Kingdom railway strike, which prevented a proposed wage reduction and won an eight-hour maximum working day.<ref>Raynes, 1921, p. 269.</ref> The NUR formed Federation agreements with ASLEF in 1903<ref>Raynes, 1921, p. 124.</ref> and 1982 but both were short-lived.

The NUR had 408,900 members in 1945, making it the fifth largest union in Britain. Its membership fell to 369,400 in 1956 and 227,800 in 1966.<ref name=Marsh>Template:Cite book</ref>

Following the formation of British Rail, the majority of NUR members worked for the nationalised organisation. However, other members worked for London Transport, the National Freight Corporation and various smaller companies. It also recruited British Rail workers in associated industries, such as its hotels, docks and harbours, and on the Sealink ferries.<ref name="eaton" />

In 1990 the NUR merged with the National Union of Seamen to form the National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT) and ceased to exist as a separate union.

Election results

The union sponsored numerous Labour Party Parliamentary candidates, many of whom won election.

Election	Constituency	Candidate	Votes	% share	Position<ref name="lab18">Labour Party, Report of the Executive Committee (1918), p. 115.</ref>
1918 general election	Cardiff East	Template:Sortname	5,554	28.5	3<ref name="lab18" />
	Derby	Template:Sortname	25,145	37.8	1<ref name="tanner">Template:Cite book</ref>
	Manchester Ardwick	Template:Sortname	5,670	31.8	2<ref name="mchugh">Template:Cite book</ref>
	Middlesbrough West	Template:Sortname	5,350	32.8	2<ref name="lab18" />
	Newcastle-upon-Tyne East	Template:Sortname	5,195	34.7	2<ref name="lab18" />
	Reading	Template:Sortname	8,410	29.8	2<ref name="lab18" />
	Wakefield	Template:Sortname	5,882	33.7	2<ref name="respectable">Template:Cite book</ref>
	Warrington	Template:Sortname	5,377	22.6	3<ref name="lab18" />
1921 by-election	Dudley	Template:Sortname	10,244	50.7	1<ref name="respectable" />
1921 by-election	Heywood and Radcliffe	Template:Sortname	13,430	41.7	1<ref name="respectable" />
1922 general election	Bolton	Template:Sortname	20,156	15.8	4<ref name="labour22">Labour Party, Report of the Twenty-second Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp. 255–272. Note that this list is of the sanctioned candidates as of June 1922, and there were some changes between this date and the general election.</ref>
	Bristol East	Template:Sortname	13,759	49.7	2<ref name="labour22" />
	Cardiff East	Template:Sortname	7,506	31.4	3<ref name="labour22" />
	Derby	Template:Sortname	25,215	27.0	1<ref name="labour22" />
	Dudley	Template:Sortname	8,522	39.8	2<ref name="respectable" />
	Heywood and Radcliffe	Template:Sortname	15,334	44.6	2<ref name="labour22" />
	Leeds South	Template:Sortname	13,210	53.7	1<ref name="labour22" />
	Leyton East	Template:Sortname	6,300	30.9	2<ref name="labour22" />
	Manchester Ardwick	Template:Sortname	14,031	52.3	1<ref name="labour22" />
	Salford West	Template:Sortname	8,724	32.3	2<ref name="labour22" />
	Wakefield	Template:Sortname	9,798	48.5	2<ref name="labour22" />
	Wolverhampton East	Template:Sortname	3,076	12.2	3<ref name="labour22" />
1923 general election	Derby	Template:Sortname	24,887	29.0	1<ref name="guardian23">Template:Cite news</ref>
	Leeds South	Template:Sortname	11,705	44.2	1<ref name="guardian23" />
	Manchester Ardwick	Template:Sortname	15,673	60.4	1<ref name="guardian23" />
	Heywood and Radcliffe	Template:Sortname	15,273	47.1	2<ref name="guardian23" />
	Rushcliffe	Template:Sortname	6,882	24.7	3<ref name="guardian23" />
1924 general election	Barkston Ash	Template:Sortname	11,894	41.4	2<ref name="guardian24">Template:Cite news</ref>
	Derby	Template:Sortname	27,423	25.7	1<ref name="guardian24" />
	Leeds South	Template:Sortname	12,799	46.3	1<ref name="guardian24" />
	Manchester Ardwick	Template:Sortname	15,941	54.9	1<ref name="guardian24" />
	Oldham	Template:Sortname	22,081	18.4	4<ref name="guardian24" />
	Paddington North	Template:Sortname	10,481	38.1	2<ref name="guardian24" />
	Wakefield	Template:Sortname	10,192	47.9	2<ref name="guardian24" />
1928 by-election	Ashton-under-Lyne	Template:Sortname	9,567	40.6	1<ref name="lab29-15">Template:Cite journal</ref>
1929 general election	Ashton-under-Lyne	Template:Sortname	13,170	44.4	1<ref name="lab29">Template:Cite journal</ref>
	Berwick-upon-Tweed	Template:Sortname	5,402	18.4	2<ref name="lab29" />
	Bethnal Green South West	Template:Sortname	6,849	38.7	2<ref name="lab29" />
	Clitheroe	Template:Sortname	15,592	39.5	2<ref name="lab29" />
	Derby	Template:Sortname	39,688	30.0	1<ref name="lab29" />
	Leeds South	Template:Sortname	18,043	52.5	1<ref name="lab29" />
	Lonsdale	Template:Sortname	7,303	25.4	3<ref name="lab29" />
	Manchester Ardwick	Template:Sortname	20,041	60.3	1<ref name="lab29" />
	Oldham	Template:Sortname	32,727	25.0	2<ref name="lab29" />
	Paddington North	Template:Sortname	13,348	39.3	2<ref name="lab29" />
	Rossendale	Template:Sortname	14,624	36.0	1<ref name="lab29" />
	Wakefield	Template:Sortname	13,393	48.8	1<ref name="lab29" />
	Westbury	Template:Sortname	7,458	22.5	3<ref name="lab29" />
	York	Template:Sortname	20,663	45.0	1<ref name="lab29" />
1931 by-election	Ashton-under-Lyne	Template:Sortname	11,005	39.4	2<ref name="31by">Template:Cite journal</ref>
1931 by-election	Manchester Ardwick	Template:Sortname	15,294	50.5	1<ref name="31by" />
1931 general election	Ashton-under-Lyne	Template:Sortname	11,074	37.1	2<ref name="lab31">Template:Cite journal</ref>
	Leeds South	Template:Sortname	14,156	40.1	2<ref name="lab31" />
	Manchester Ardwick	Template:Sortname	15,664	42.0	2<ref name="lab31" />
	Middlesbrough West	Template:Sortname	13,040	33.4	2<ref name="lab31" />
	Oldham	Template:Sortname	26,631		4<ref name="lab31" />
	Plymouth Sutton	Template:Sortname	14,073	36.7	2<ref name="lab31" />
	Rossendale	Template:Sortname	11,135	27.5	3<ref name="lab31" />
	Stalybridge and Hyde	Template:Sortname	14,251	28.1	2<ref name="lab31" />
	Wakefield	Template:Sortname	11,774	42.6	2<ref name="lab31" />
	York	Template:Sortname	16,310	35.1	2<ref name="lab31" />
1933 by-election	Rotherham	Template:Sortname	28,767	69.1	1<ref name="33by">Template:Cite journal</ref>
1935 by-election	Edinburgh West	Template:Sortname	10,462	33.9	2<ref name="35by">Template:Cite journal</ref>
1935 general election	Accrington	Template:Sortname	21,203	45.6	2<ref name="lab35">Template:Cite journal</ref>
	Barrow-in-Furness	Template:Sortname	17,919	49.7	2<ref name="lab35" />
	Eccles	Template:Sortname	20,055	47.3	2<ref name="lab35" />
	Gateshead	Template:Sortname	25,804	47.3	2<ref name="lab35" />
	Leeds South	Template:Sortname	15,223	46.0	1<ref name="lab35" />
	Manchester Ardwick	Template:Sortname	16,364	52.9	1<ref name="lab35" />
	Middlesbrough West	Template:Sortname	12,764	33.7	2<ref name="lab35" />
	Norwich	Template:Sortname	22,055	17.8	4<ref name="lab35" />
	Plymouth Sutton	Template:Sortname	15,394	41.7	2<ref name="lab35" />
	Pontefract	Template:Sortname	19,783	53.4	1<ref name="lab35" />
	Rotherham	Template:Sortname	29,725	67.5	1<ref name="lab35" />
	Salford North	Template:Sortname	15,272	43.4	2<ref name="lab35" />
1941 by-election	Pontefract	Template:Sortname	unopposed	N/A	1<ref name="45by">Labour Party, Report of the Annual Labour Party Conference (1945). Affiliations are those as of mid-1945; it is possible that some MPs may have had different sponsors at the time of their election.</ref>
1944 by-election	Sheffield Attercliffe	Template:Sortname	unopposed	N/A	1<ref name="45by" />
1945 general election	Acton	Template:Sortname	19,950	56.1	1<ref name="lab45">Labour Party, Report of the Forty-Fifth Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp. 232–248.</ref>
	Eccles	Template:Sortname	23,008	51.1	1<ref name="lab45" />
	Exeter	Template:Sortname	15,245	40.2	2<ref name="lab45" />
	Manchester Ardwick	Template:Sortname	14,360	64.0	1<ref name="lab45" />
	Newcastle upon Tyne West	Template:Sortname	28,149	58.5	1<ref name="lab45" />
	Pontefract	Template:Sortname	24,690	60.6	1<ref name="lab45" />
	Rotherham	Template:Sortname	35,654	74.2	1<ref name="lab45" />
	Salford North	Template:Sortname	18,327	60.5	1<ref name="lab45" />
	Sheffield Attercliffe	Template:Sortname	23,468	81.4	1<ref name="lab45" />
	South Derbyshire	Template:Sortname	47,586	57.7	1<ref name="lab45" />
	The Hartlepools	Template:Sortname	16,502	41.2	1<ref name="lab45" />
	The Wrekin	Template:Sortname	22,453	56.3	1<ref name="lab45" />
	West Stirlingshire	Template:Sortname	16,066	54.4	1<ref name="lab45" />
1948 by-election	Glasgow Camlachie	Template:Sortname	10,690	42.1	2
1950 general election	Acton	Template:Sortname	21,751	49.1	1<ref name="lab50">Template:Cite journal</ref>
	Birmingham Perry Barr	Template:Sortname	23,178	56.6	1<ref name="lab50" />
	Eccles	Template:Sortname	27,409	50.7	1<ref name="lab50" />
	Manchester Wythenshawe	Template:Sortname	17,191	37.2	2<ref name="lab50" />
	Newcastle upon Tyne West	Template:Sortname	31,230	58.2	1<ref name="lab50" />
	Nottingham East	Template:Sortname	20,404	46.5	1<ref name="lab50" />
	Sheffield Attercliffe	Template:Sortname	30,726	71.6	1<ref name="lab50" />
	South East Derbyshire	Template:Sortname	30,039	49.1	1<ref name="lab50" />
	The Hartlepools	Template:Sortname	25,609	50.6	1<ref name="lab50" />
	The Wrekin	Template:Sortname	19,730	53.7	1<ref name="lab50" />
	Westbury	Template:Sortname	15,766	35.6	2<ref name="lab50" />
	West Stirlingshire	Template:Sortname	19,930	55.6	1<ref name="lab50" />
1951 general election	Acton	Template:Sortname	23,287	52.2	1<ref name="lab51">Template:Cite journal</ref>
	Birmingham Perry Barr	Template:Sortname	23,322	58.1	1<ref name="lab51" />
	Eccles	Template:Sortname	27,941	52.5	1<ref name="lab51" />
	Haltemprice	Template:Sortname	19,584	41.9	2<ref name="lab51" />
	Newcastle upon Tyne West	Template:Sortname	31,765	57.9	1<ref name="lab51" />
	Nottingham East	Template:Sortname	20,865	47.8	1<ref name="lab51" />
	Sheffield Attercliffe	Template:Sortname	29,958	71.1	1<ref name="lab51" />
	South East Derbyshire	Template:Sortname	33,020	52.7	1<ref name="lab51" />
	The Hartlepools	Template:Sortname	27,147	52.6	1<ref name="lab51" />
	The Wrekin	Template:Sortname	20,109	52.4	1<ref name="lab51" />
	Westbury	Template:Sortname	17,623	39.2	2<ref name="lab51" />
1954 by-election	Haltemprice	Template:Sortname	9,974	38.2	2
1955 general election	Acton	Template:Sortname	20,645	50.6	1<ref name="lab55">Labour Party, Report of the Fifty-Fourth Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp. 255–275.</ref>
	Birmingham Perry Barr	Template:Sortname	18,732	51.0	1<ref name="lab55" />
	Eccles	Template:Sortname	25,351	52.4	1<ref name="lab55" />
	Newcastle upon Tyne West	Template:Sortname	25,401	55.7	1<ref name="lab55" />
	Nottingham North	Template:Sortname	26,552	55.4	1<ref name="lab55" />
	Sheffield Attercliffe	Template:Sortname	33,071	71.0	1<ref name="lab55" />
	South East Derbyshire	Template:Sortname	25,620	51.6	1<ref name="lab55" />
	South Northamptonshire	Template:Sortname	17,339	44.7	2<ref name="lab55" />
	The Hartlepools	Template:Sortname	25,145	51.6	1<ref name="lab55" />
	The Wrekin	Template:Sortname	18,541	49.4	2<ref name="lab55" />
	Westbury	Template:Sortname	16,295	37.8	2<ref name="lab55" />
1958 by-election	St Helens	Template:Sortname	26,405	64.7	1<ref name="lab59" />
1959 general election	Acton	Template:Sortname	18,438	48.8	2<ref name="lab59">Labour Party, Report of the Fifty-Eighth Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp. 179–201.</ref>
	Birmingham Perry Barr	Template:Sortname	16,811	42.6	1<ref name="lab59" />
	Darlington	Template:Sortname	19,901	39.7	2<ref name="lab59" />
	Eccles	Template:Sortname	25,566	52.0	1<ref name="lab59" />
	Newcastle upon Tyne West	Template:Sortname	28,956	54.8	1<ref name="lab59" />
	St Helens	Template:Sortname	35,961	62.1	1<ref name="lab59" />
	Sheffield Attercliffe	Template:Sortname	33,676	68.8	1<ref name="lab59" />
	South East Derbyshire	Template:Sortname	25,362	45.5	2<ref name="lab59" />
	The Hartlepools	Template:Sortname	25,281	49.8	2<ref name="lab59" />
1964 general election	Birmingham Perry Barr	Template:Sortname	18,156	49.5	2<ref name="lab64">Labour Party, Report of the Sixty-Third Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp. 158–180.</ref>
	Carlisle	Template:Sortname	19,169	45.6	1<ref name="lab64" />
	Glasgow Springburn	Template:Sortname	16,828	65.3	1<ref name="lab64" />
	Newcastle upon Tyne West	Template:Sortname	29,603	58.3	1<ref name="lab64" />
	St Helens	Template:Sortname	34,137	67.0	1<ref name="lab64" />
	Sheffield Attercliffe	Template:Sortname	30,318	66.8	1<ref name="lab64" />
	Sunderland South	Template:Sortname	25,900	51.6	1<ref name="lab64" />
1966 general election	Carlton	Template:Sortname	24,589	39.2	2<ref name="lab66">Labour Party, Report of the Sixty-Fifth Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp. 308–330.</ref>
	Carlisle	Template:Sortname	22,565	56.1	1<ref name="lab66" />
	Glasgow Central	Template:Sortname	11,673	74.8	1<ref name="lab66" />
	Glasgow Springburn	Template:Sortname	15,998	67.8	1<ref name="lab66" />
	Nottingham South	Template:Sortname	24,580	50.3	1<ref name="lab66" />
	St Helens	Template:Sortname	33,325	70.8	1<ref name="lab66" />
	Sheffield Attercliffe	Template:Sortname	32,336	77.3	1<ref name="lab66" />
	Sunderland South	Template:Sortname	27,567	57.5	1<ref name="lab66" />
1970 general election	Carlisle	Template:Sortname	21,866	53.2	1<ref name="lab70">Labour Party, Report of the Sixty-Ninth Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp. 289–312.</ref>
	Glasgow Central	Template:Sortname	7,936	66.0	1<ref name="lab70" />
	Glasgow Springburn	Template:Sortname	14,968	64.3	1<ref name="lab70" />
	Nottingham South	Template:Sortname	23,031	46.3	2<ref name="lab70" />
	St Helens	Template:Sortname	31,587	65.7	1<ref name="lab70" />
	Sunderland South	Template:Sortname	26,840	56.4	1<ref name="lab70" />
Feb 1974 general election	Carlisle	Template:Sortname	23,119	55.2	1<ref name="labfeb74">Labour Party, Report of the Seventy-Third Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp. 371–390.</ref>
	Exeter	Template:Sortname	17,686	31.2	2<ref name="labfeb74" />
	Glasgow Central	Template:Sortname	9,400	58.7	1<ref name="labfeb74" />
	Glasgow Springburn	Template:Sortname	18,067	53.7	1<ref name="labfeb74" />
	St Helens	Template:Sortname	32,621	59.0	1<ref name="labfeb74" />
	Sunderland South	Template:Sortname	28,296	49.6	1<ref name="labfeb74" />
	West Bromwich East	Template:Sortname	21,895	52.8	1<ref name="labfeb74" />
Oct 1974 general election	Carlisle	Template:Sortname	21,079	51.2	1<ref name="laboct74">Labour Party, Report of the Seventy-Third Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp. 391–411.</ref>
	Glasgow Central	Template:Sortname	9,231	63.6	1<ref name="laboct74" />
	Glasgow Springburn	Template:Sortname	17,444	54.6	1<ref name="laboct74" />
	St Helens	Template:Sortname	32,620	64.1	1<ref name="laboct74" />
	Sunderland South	Template:Sortname	28,623	55.0	1<ref name="laboct74" />
	West Bromwich East	Template:Sortname	19,942	50.5	1<ref name="laboct74" />
1976 by-election	Newcastle upon Tyne Central	Template:Sortname	4,692	47.6	1
1979 general election	Carlisle	Template:Sortname	21,343	49.7	1<ref name="lab79">Labour Party, Report of the Seventy-Eighth Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp. 406–431.</ref>
	Derby North	Template:Sortname	28,797	44.9	1<ref name="lab79" />
	Edinburgh Central	Template:Sortname	12,191	47.9	1<ref name="lab79" />
	Glasgow Central	Template:Sortname	8,542	72.5	1<ref name="lab79" />
	Holborn and St Pancras South	Template:Sortname	12,026	49.3	1<ref name="lab79" />
	Huddersfield West	Template:Sortname	16,996	40.6	2<ref name="lab79" />
	Islington North	Template:Sortname	12,317	52.6	1<ref name="lab79" />
	Newcastle upon Tyne Central	Template:Sortname	10,395	67.3	1<ref name="lab79" />
	St Helens	Template:Sortname	32,489	59.6	1<ref name="lab79" />
	Sunderland South	Template:Sortname	29,403	53.1	1<ref name="lab79" />
	Swansea East	Template:Sortname	31,909	69.9	1<ref name="lab79" />
	West Bromwich East	Template:Sortname	19,279	47.0	1<ref name="lab79" />
	West Lothian	Template:Sortname	36,713	54.9	1<ref name="lab79" />
1983 general election	Carlisle	Template:Sortname	15,618	37.5	1<ref name="bbc83">Template:Cite book</ref>
	Crewe and Nantwich	Template:Sortname	22,031	41.1	1<ref name="bbc83" />
	Derby North	Template:Sortname	18,797	36.8	2<ref name="bbc83" />
	Glasgow Garscadden	Template:Sortname	19,635	56.2	1
	Holborn and St Pancras	Template:Sortname	20,486	47.5	1
	Linlithgow	Template:Sortname	19,694	45.1	1
	Livingston	Template:Sortname	14,255	37.7	1
	Sunderland South	Template:Sortname	22,869	45.7	1
	Swansea East	Template:Sortname	22,297	54.4	1
	Tyne Bridge	Template:Sortname	21,127	56.5	1
	West Bromwich East	Template:Sortname	15,894	38.1	1
	Wrexham	Template:Sortname	16,120	34.3	1
1987 general election	Crewe and Nantwich	Template:Sortname	25,457	44.0	1<ref name="times87">Template:Cite news</ref>
	Derby North	Template:Sortname	20,236	37.2	2
	Glasgow Garscadden	Template:Sortname	18,920	64.4	1<ref name="times87" />
	Holborn and St Pancras	Template:Sortname	22,966	50.6	1<ref name="times87" />
	Linlithgow	Template:Sortname	21,869	47.4	1<ref name="times87" />
	Livingston	Template:Sortname	19,110	45.6	1
	Swansea East	Template:Sortname	27,478	63.7	1
	West Bromwich East	Template:Sortname	18,162	42.6	1<ref name="times87" />
	Wrexham	Template:Sortname	22,144	43.9	1<ref name="times87" />

Leadership

General Secretaries

James Edwin Williams

1913: James Edwin Williams<ref name="gensecs">"General Secretaries of the National Union of Railwaymen, 1913-1990", Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick.</ref>

1916: James Henry Thomas<ref name="gensecs" />

1931: Charlie Cramp<ref name="gensecs" />

1933: John Marchbank<ref name="gensecs" />

1943: John Benstead<ref name="gensecs" />

1948: Jim Figgins<ref name="gensecs" />

1953: Jim Campbell<ref name="gensecs" />

1957: Sidney Greene<ref name="gensecs" />

1975: Sidney Weighell<ref name="gensecs" />

1983: Jimmy Knapp<ref name="gensecs" />

Presidents

1913: Albert Bellamy<ref name="bagwell">Philip Sydney Bagwell, The National Union of Railwaymen, 1913-1963: A Half-century of Industrial Trade Unionism, p. 2.</ref>

1918: Charlie Cramp<ref name="bagwell" />

1920: William James Abraham<ref name="bagwell" />

1922: John Marchbank<ref name="bagwell" />

1925: William Dobbie<ref name="bagwell" />

1928: J. Gore<ref name="bagwell" />

1931: William Dobbie<ref name="bagwell" />

1934: Joseph Henderson<ref name="bagwell" />

1937: Walter T. Griffiths<ref name="bagwell" />

1939: J. H. Potts<ref name="bagwell" />

1942: Frederick Burrows<ref name="bagwell" />

1945: Eddie Binks<ref name="bagwell" />

1948: William Tindall Potter<ref name="bagwell" />

1951: Harry Franklin<ref name="bagwell" />

1954: Jim Stafford<ref name="bagwell" />

1957: Tom Hollywood<ref name="bagwell" />

1958: Charles W. Evans<ref name="bagwell" />

1961: Bill Rathbone<ref name="bagwell" />

1964: Frank Donlon

1967: Frank Lane

1970: George Chambers

1972: Harold McRitchie

1975: Dave Bowman

1978: Alun Rees

1982: Tom Ham

1984: George Wakenshaw

1987: Alan Foster

1990: John Cogger

See also

• History of trade unions in the United Kingdom

Sources and further reading

• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Bagwell, Philip. "Transport" in Chris Wrigley, ed. A History of British industrial relations, 1875–1914 (Univ of Massachusetts Press, 1982), pp. 230–52.
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite Q

External links

• Catalogue of the NUR archives, held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick