National anthem of Austria

The National Anthem of Austria (Template:Langx), also known by its incipit "Template:Lang" (Template:IPA; 'Land of the Peaks, Land by the Stream'), was adopted without lyrics in 1946. The melody, which at that time was incorrectly attributed to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was matched with a text by Paula von Preradović the following year.

The melody's origin is not definitively known, and over time several possible composers have been suggested; today it is usually attributed to either Template:Ill or Paul Wranitzky.

History

Nineteen days before his death on 5 December 1791, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed his last complete work, the Freimaurerkantate, K. 623. In parts of the printed edition of this cantata there appeared the song K. 623a "Template:Lang" ("Let us with joined hands"). To this melody the Austrian national anthem is sung. Today, Mozart's authorship is regarded as dubious and the song is attributed to Template:Ill (either solely or co-authored with Mozart)<ref>Werke zweifelhafter Echtheit – Band 3 Orchesterwerke und Lieder, vol. X/29/3, pp. xxxiii, xxxiv, Neue Mozart-Ausgabe Template:In lang</ref> or Paul Wranitzky.<ref>Template:Cite web, year 73</ref>

Before the World War II Anschluss, Austria's state anthem was "Template:Lang", set to the tune of Haydn's "Template:Lang", the state anthem of imperial Austria since 1797. The current German national anthem "Template:Lang" uses the same tune, but with different words (it was also the co-national anthem of Germany during National Socialist rule). To avoid the association, and because singing it was banned for a time after the war, a new state anthem was created. The lyrics were written by Paula von Preradović, one of the few women to have written lyrics for a national anthem.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On 22 October 1946, the song was officially declared Austria's national anthem, albeit without words. Lyrics were added in February 1947. On 1 January 2012, parts of the lyrics were changed to make the composition gender-neutral.

Attempts at gender-neutral language

Since the 1990s, several attempts have been made to modify the lyrics to use more gender-neutral language. In 2005, Women's Minister Maria Rauch-Kallat of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) stated her objection to the words sons, fraternal and fatherland in the lyrics and proposed changes.<ref name = kallat>Template:Cite news</ref> Her proposal met strong resistance by Austria's largest newspaper, the Kronen Zeitung, and failed to gain support from the then coalition partner, the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ).

In January 2010, Austrian pop singer Christina Stürmer presented a pop rock version of the hymn "Heimat bist du großer Söhne Template:Em" ('Thou art home to great sons Template:Em')<ref>Template:YouTube</ref><ref>Entscheidung des OGH 4 Ob 171/10s vom 15. Dezember 2010. Fundstelle JBl 2011,313 = MR 2011,79 (Walter) = ÖBl-LS 2011/44 = ÖBl-LS 2011/45 – Bundeshymne II/Rock me Paula.</ref> as part of a campaign by the Austrian federal ministry of education. She was sued for violation of copyright by the estate of Paula von Preradović but subsequently cleared by the Austrian Supreme Court of Justice<ref>Decision "Bundeshymne II/Rock me Paula", Supreme Court of Justice (Austria) (4Ob171/10s, 15 December 2010) Template:In lang</ref> who called it "a mere modernisation" and allowed the version to stand.

Since 1 January 2012, a few words in the state anthem are different from before. The text and notes of the state anthem were officially codified in the Federal Act of the National Anthem of the Republic of Austria.<ref>Bundesgesetzblatt I Nr. 127/2011, 27 December 2011 Template:In lang</ref>

Lyrics

Only the first verse is considered official and performed during official events.

German original<ref>Bundesgesetzblatt I Nr. 127/2011, 27 December 2011, text and melody (in German)</ref>	IPA transcriptionTemplate:Efn	English translationTemplate:Cn
<poem>Template:Lang</poem>	<poem>[ˈlant dɛɐ ˈbɛɐ.gə lant am ˈʃtroː.mə Template:Pipe] [lant dɛɐ ˈɛ.kɐ lant dɛɐ ˈdoː.mə ‖] [lant dɛɐ ˈhɛ.mɐ ˈt͡suː.kʊɱft͡s.ˌraɪç Template:Pipe] [ˈhaɪ.mat ˈgroː.sɐ ˈtœx.tɐ ʊnt zøː.nə ‖] [fɔlk bə.ˈgnaː.dət fyːɐ das ˈʃøː.nə Template:Pipe] 𝄆 [ˈfiːl.gə.ˌryːm.təs ˈøː.stɐ.ˌraɪç ‖] 𝄇 [haɪs ʊɱ.ˈfeː.dət vɪlt ʊm.ˈstriː.tn̩ Template:Pipe] [ˈliːkst deːm ˈeːɐ.taɪl dʊ ˈiːn.mɪ.tn̩ ‖] [ˈaɪ.nəm ˈʃtar.kn̩ ˈhɛɐ.t͡sn̩ ˈglaɪç Template:Pipe] [hast zaɪt ˈfryː.ən ˈaː.nən.ˌtaː.gən ‖] [ˈhoː.ɛɐ ˈzɛn.dʊŋ last gə.ˈtraː.gən Template:Pipe] 𝄆 [ˈfiːl.gə.ˌpryːf.təs ˈøː.stɐ.ˌraɪç ‖] 𝄇 [ˈmuː.tɪk iːn diː ˈnoʏ.ən ˈt͡saɪ.tn̩ Template:Pipe] [fraɪ ʊnt ˈgloʏ.bɪk siː ʊns ˈʃraɪ.tn̩ ‖] [ˈar.baɪt͡s.ˌfroː ʊnt ˈhɔf.nʊŋs.ˌraɪç Template:Pipe] [ˈaɪ.nɪk las iːn ˈjuː.bəl.ˌkøː.rən ‖] [ˈfaː.tɐ.ˌlant diːɐ ˈtroʏ.ə ˈʃvøː.rən Template:Pipe] 𝄆 [ˈfiːl.gə.ˌliːp.təs ˈøː.stɐ.ˌraɪç ‖] 𝄇</poem>	<poem>Land of mountains, land on the river, Land of fields, land of cathedrals, Land of hammers, rich in the future! Home of great daughters and sons,Template:Efn People gifted for beauty, 𝄆 Much-praised Austria! 𝄇 Hotly contested, fiercely disputed, You lie at the heart of the continent Like a strong heart. Since early ancestral days, You have borne the burden of a noble mission, 𝄆 Much-tested Austria. 𝄇 Courageously into the new times, Free and faithful, see us stride, Joyful to work and full of hope. United in jubilant choirs,Template:Efn Fatherland, let us swear allegiance to you. 𝄆 Much-beloved Austria! 𝄇</poem>

Slovene verse

A Slovene-language version of the third verse was written for the Carinthian Slovenes of Carinthia. It was translated from the pre-2012 German version of the third verse.<ref>Vgl. „Land der Berge, Land am Strome“ in der slowenischsprachigen Wikipedia: „Uradni prevod tretje kitice, ki ga pojejo na Koroškem“ (deutsch: „Offizielle Übersetzung der dritten Strophe, die in Kärnten gesungen wird“). Vgl. auch Peter Diem in Austria-Lexikon, der jedoch fälschlich angibt, es handle sich um die erste Strophe.</ref>

Hrabro v novi čas stopimo,

prosto, verno, glej, hodimo;

upa polni, delavni.

Bratski zbor prisega hkrati,

domovini zvestobo dati.

𝄆 Ljubljena nam Avstrija. 𝄇

Music

<score sound="1"> <<

 \new Voice="melody" \relative c { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"choir aahs" \tempo 4 = 78
   \autoBeamOff
   \override Score.BarNumber #'transparent = ##t
   %\voiceOne
   \language "deutsch"
   \key f \major
   \time 3/4
   % \override FirstVoice.DynamicText.direction = #UP
   c2^\f b4 a2 b8 [( c )]
   d2 c4 c8 [( b )] b4 r
   b2 a4 g2 a8 [( b )]
   c2 b4 b8 [( a )] a4 r
   h2 c4 d2 e4 f ( d ) h c2 r4
   g2^\p a4 c ( b ) g a2 d8 b a4 g r
   g2 a4 c ( b ) g a2 d8 [( b )] a4 g r
   b2^\f a4 d2 c4 c8 [ ( b ] a4 ) g a2 r4
   d2^\ff c4 e2 f8 [( c )] c [ ( b ] a4 ) g f2 r4
 }
 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
 Land der Ber -- ge, Land am Stro -- me,
 Land der Ä -- cker, Land der Do -- me,
 Land der Häm -- mer, zu -- kunfts -- reich!
 Hei -- mat gro -- ßer
 \set ignoreMelismata = ##t
 Töch -- ter und Söh -- ne,
 \unset ignoreMelismata
 Volk, be -- gna -- det für das Schö -- ne:
 viel -- ge -- rühm -- tes Ös -- ter -- reich.
 Viel -- ge -- rühm -- tes Ös -- ter -- reich.
 }

>> </score>

Parodies

Otto and Fritz Molden

The same evening after von Preradović learned that her lyrics were chosen for the national anthem, her sons Otto and Template:Ill composed a satirical version of them.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> <poem style="float:left;">Template:Lang</poem> <poem style="margin-left:1em; float:left;">Land of the peas, land of the beans, Land of the four zones of occupation, we sell thee on the black market! And up there over the Hermannskogel gladly the federal bird flutters. Much beloved Austria!</poem>Template:Clear

According to media researcher Template:Ill, the first two of these lines were popular in the schools of Vienna in 1955.<ref name="Land der Berge, Land am Strome">Template:Austriaforum by Peter Diem</ref>

Drahdiwaberl

In 1979, the music group Template:Ill released their parody of "Land der Berge, Land am Strone", titled "Kaiserhymne / Pink Punk Shirt". The following text is modeled after von Preradović's lyrics and sung to the same tune.Template:Cn

<poem style="float:left;">Template:Lang</poem> <poem style="margin-left:1em; float:left;">Land of the fields, land of holy place Land on the river without atoms, Land of titles and diplomas

Home thou art of great sons Home thou art of great daughters Additional verse from feminists

Land of the impossibly limited, Land of the peaks, the most beautiful, Land of lakes and the Lipizzans, The Prohaskas and the Klammer

Land of the crown, land of the Staberl Land of the Drahdiwaberl group.</poem>Template:Clear

Rotzpipn

In 2012, the Viennese band Rotzpipn won the 9th protest song contest with their "Hymne 2.0". The jury included Ernst Molden, grandson of Paula von Preradović, who gave the group the highest score.Template:Cn

External links

• Template:Commons category-inline
• Template:NMA
• Bundeshymne at Chancellery, Austrian Federal Government
• "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" – audio, lyrics and information (archive link)
• Vocal version
• Instrumental version