National anthem of Belarus

The State Anthem of the Republic of Belarus,Template:Efn better known as "We Belarusians",Template:Efn is the national anthem of Belarus. It was originally written in the 1940s and adopted in 1955 for use in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The music of the Belarusian SSR anthem was composed by Niescier Sakałowski and the lyrics were written by Michas Klimkovič. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the music composed by Sakalowski was kept and the lyrics were discarded. New lyrics, which were written by Klimkovič and Uładzimir Karyzna,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> were adopted by a presidential decree issued on 2 July 2002.

Evolution

Anthem of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic

"Template:Translit" was originally used as the anthem of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic starting from 24 February 1955. It was presented in front of a jury in 1944, but it took 11 years of modifications before it was officially adopted.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> When Belarus became an independent country, the national anthem was modified to drop the Communist-era lyrics. An attempt was made in 1995 to adopt Natallia Arsiennieva's poem "Mahutny Boža" as the national anthem, but the suggestion was not acted on even though it was supported by a parliamentary committee.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>

Anthem of the Republic of Belarus

After independence in 1991, the country retained the anthem of the BSSR without lyrics for official use.<ref name=":0" /> The only legal mention of a national anthem in Belarusian law before 2002 was in the Constitution of Belarus. Section 1, Article 19 of the constitution states that "[t]he symbols of the Republic of Belarus as a sovereign state shall be its national flag, national emblem and national anthem." While the constitution only mentioned the use of the flag, national anthem, and arms as state symbols, each symbol had to be defined by law.<ref name="s1">Template:Cite web</ref> A law specifying a national anthem was not enacted until Presidential Decree 350 took effect on 18 July 2002, the day before Independence Day. The decree's main objective was to establish lyrics for the anthem and introduce musical notation along with the new lyrics. Moreover, the decree designated when, where, and how the anthem was to be performed.<ref name="decree">Template:Cite web</ref>

According to the newspaper Soviet Byelorussia, President Alexander Lukashenko decided on the anthem on 12 June 2002 and chose to have its first performance on Independence Day, the anniversary of the date in 1944 when Minsk was recaptured from the Wehrmacht by the Red Army.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, the first performance of the anthem actually took place on 2 July, at a concert organized by the government as part of the Belarusian independence festivities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

When Lukashenko issued his decree selecting a new national anthem, only slight changes were made to the Soviet-era song. While the references to Russia, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Vladimir Lenin were replaced; the overall theme of "friendship of peoples" and the original music composed by Sakałowski were preserved. The government stated that it had decided to keep Sakałowski's music in order to maintain historical continuity, and also on account of its popularity and musical quality. After the national anthem was adopted, the process of adopting national symbols was completed.<ref name="byns">Template:Cite web</ref>

Reaction

The organization Freedom House commented on the adoption of the anthem in a report about the country, published in 2003. On page 125 of the "Country Report of Belarus", Freedom House says that President Lukashenko has "reintroduced the state symbols used by the old Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 2002, the president approved a streamlined version of the Soviet-era anthem "Template:Transliteration", as the country's new national anthem." The report also mentioned President Lukashenko's ban of the symbols that were used since Belarus's independence in 1991, such as the Pahonia arms and the white-red-white flag, which Lukashenko claims are associated with fascism (due to pro-Nazi Belarusian Central Rada usage during World War II).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2003, Dr. Taras Kuzio wrote in Radio Free Europe that President Lukashenko "is the quintessential Soviet Belarusian patriot who presides over a regime steeped in Soviet nostalgia." Kuzio said that the motives of Russia and Belarus in re-adopting Soviet-era symbols are part of restoring that nostalgia.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Usage and regulations

The anthem must be performed in accordance with the lyrics and sheet music established by law. Each day, all national free to air radio stations and television networks across the country are required to play it twice; at 06:00 when going on air and again at 00:00 upon going off-air. The anthem can also be performed on certain occasions, such as at government meetings, before sporting events and presidential inaugurations. While the anthem is being performed, citizens are required to stand at attention and those in military or police uniform must to be in full Russian-style hand salute, if not in formation.<ref>Template:Cite act</ref>

National anthem proposals

"Vajacki Marš"

Template:Main "Vajacki Marš" ('Warrior March') was the official anthem of the Belarusian Democratic Republic,<ref name="hl">Template:Cite web</ref> a Belarusian state that was created in 1918 but lasted only 10 months,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> during World War I.

Since 1919, the song has been used as an anthem of Belarus by the Belarusian diaspora in Western Europe and North America, as well as in countries like Australia and Brazil. It is still considered the official anthem used by the government-in-exile of the Belarusian Democratic Republic.<ref>Дзяржаўныя сымбалі Беларускай Народнай Рэспублікі Template:Webarchive [State Symbols of the Belarusian Democratic Republic] on the official website of the Rada BNR</ref>

"Mahutny Boža"

Template:Main "Mahutny Boža" ('Almighty God'), a Christian hymn, is also actively used by those who oppose the Lukashenko regime.<ref name="hl" />

"Pahonia"

The song "Pahonia", based on the poem by Maksim Bahdanovič. and set to music by Mikałaj Ščahłow-Kulikovič, has been performed a capella during the 2020 Belarusian protests and experienced a resurged popularity following the events.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

"Małaja Biełaruś"

"Małaja Biełaruś" ('Young Belarus') is a poem written by Janka Kupała in the early 1900s. However, the poem was never set to a musical composition, so it could not be selected as the anthem.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

"Žyvie Biełaruś!"

The anthem "Žyvie Biełaruś!" ('Long Live Belarus!'), with lyrics by Uładzimir Niaklajew and music by Vasil Rainčyk, won a 1992 non-binding contest and was occasionally used afterwards. For the 2002 contest, a revised version with the title "Krasuj, Biełaruś" ('Flourish, Belarus!') was submitted, coming first in the vote with more than 37,300 votes.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> However, the commission selected the later-adopted version, which came in third, claiming that it and the other two lower-placed songs, which all shared the BSSR anthem's melody, were selected by the total majority of voters (50,271 out of a total of 113,254).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Lyrics

The first verse and chorus are the most commonly performed parts of the anthem played during official ceremonies.

Belarusian original<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> (Kirylica)	Romanization of Belarusian (Łacinka)	IPA transcriptionTemplate:Efn
<poem>Template:Lang</poem>	<poem>Template:Transliteration</poem>	<poem>Template:IPA</poem>

English translation<ref>National Symbols, Anthem Template:Webarchive (2006). Belarusian-Chinese Committee on Trade and Economic Cooperation.</ref>	Russian translation<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Efn	Ukrainian translation
<poem>We, Belarusians, are peaceful people, Wholeheartedly devoted to our Motherland. We are faithful friends, growing up Living in a hardworking and independent family. Template:Small Glory to the blessed name of our land, Glory to the brotherly union of peoples! 𝄆 Our dearly beloved Motherland, May you live long and prosper, Belarus! 𝄇 Together with our brothers, we for centuries Courageously defended our home's threshold. In battles for freedom, and battles for our lot We have won our banners of victory! Friendship of peoples is the strength of peoples And it is our sacred sunlit path. Proudly we fly in the clear blue skies, The banner of victory is the flag of sunshine! Template:Small</poem>	<poem>Template:Lang</poem>	<poem>Template:Lang</poem>

External links

• Скачать гимн Республики Беларусь
• Belarus: My Belarusy – Audio of the national anthem of Belarus, with information and lyrics
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