Nationalist People's Coalition

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Template:Short description Template:For Template:Use mdy dates Template:Use Philippine English Template:Infobox political party

The Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) is a conservative political party in the Philippines which was founded in 1992 by presidential candidate Danding Cojuangco.

History

Formation

File:NPC 1992 logo.png
Nationalist People's Coalition logo in 1992

In 1990, amid political and economic uncertainty in the aftermath of the 1986 People Power Revolution, members of civil society and business groups invited businessman Danding Cojuangco, a former associate of deposed President Ferdinand Marcos, to lead a national coalition for the 1992 national elections. Cojuangco's supporters, who called themselves Friends of Danding, began organizing because of limited time before the polls.

Cojuangco expressed interest in running under the Nacionalista Party where he had long-standing ties, provided the nomination process was fair. Two other national figures were also seeking the party nomination, Senator Juan Ponce Enrile and Vice President Salvador Laurel who was the party president. Internal disputes arose between Laurel and former Rizal Governor Isidro Rodriguez over the nomination rules. With the issues unresolved and the party divided, Cojuangco's backers formed a new party, Partido Pilipino, led by Jerry Barican, Antonio Gatmaitan, and Butch Valdes. The Commission on Elections officially registered the party on February 5, 1991.

Nacionalista eventually split into the Laurel and Rodriguez wings, with the latter supporting Cojuangco. A court ruling in favor of the Laurel wing prompted Cojuangco's allies to consolidate under a broader umbrella group, the Nationalist People's Coalition. This coalition included the Rodriguez wing, Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL), Partido Pilipino and its regional parties such as Bagong Lakas ng Nueva Ecija, sectoral groups, and independent politicians.

Ramos years: 1992–1998

1992 election

In the 1992 elections, Cojuangco ran for president under the NPC banner with Senator Joseph Estrada, whose Partido ng Masang Pilipino coalesced with NPC, for vice president. Other NPC candidates for various races ran under affiliated parties. Cojuangco placed third, being defeated by Marcos' cousin Fidel Ramos, while Estrada won the vice presidential race in a landslide. After the elections, Partido Pilipino was renamed as the Nationalist People's Coalition, formalizing the group into a political party with leadership transferred to newly-elected NPC officers.<ref name="history">NPC Party History Template:Webarchive NPC website Retrieved December 17, 2006.</ref> Also, NPC joined the Lakas-led Rainbow Coalition, a House caucus coalition formed with multiple parties, including Lakas,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and won 5 Senats seats (which 4 of them are half-termers placing between 13–24) which Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP, then known as Laban) dominated.

1995 elections: A party and an opposition coalition

NPC became a party and the official opposition against Lakas–Laban Coalition, led by Ramos and Ed Angara of Laban. NPC drafted including half-termers Nikki Coseteng and Arturo Tolentino, tapped Congressman Bongbong Marcos of KBL, former military mutineer Gringo Honasan and Miriam Defensor Santiago of PRP.<ref name="pollwinners">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was then rumored that then-Senate President Ernesto Maceda already conceded to President Ramos days before the election day, as the latter also claimed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Only Santiago, Honasan, and Coseteng managed to win.

Estrada years: 1998–2001

1998 elections: Erap's Victory and the rise of Bright Boys

The NPC was a member of the Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino (LAMMP) together with Angara's LDP, Estrada's PMP, and Pimentel's PDP–Laban. LAMMP served as the political vehicle of vice president Joseph Estrada in the 1998 presidential elections.<ref name="manila">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Also, in the House elections, some youngesters who will be serve in the future as either senators or cabinet members are elected such as Chiz Escudero (became Senator), and Gilbert Teodoro (founder's nephew, and future Defense Secretary), and Ace Durano of Cebu which Estrada dubbed as the Bright Boys.<ref name="bnth">Template:Cite journal</ref>

2000: Estrada Impeachment

After Speaker Manny Villar (LAMMP) successfully pushed impeachment on the house plenary, the pro-Estrada group kicked Villar out of speakership and they tapped Arnulfo Fuentebella as replacement. Fuentebella's speakership tenure is the only instance a current NPC member held the said position. It left the LAMMP after Estrada was removed from power in January 2001.<ref name="manila" />

Arroyo years: 2001–2010

2001

When Gloria Macapagal Arroyo assumed the presidency in January 2001, her People Power Coalition (led by the Lakas) became the dominant group in Congress.<ref name="state">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The 75-member Lakas party led the "Sunshine Coalition," which included the 61-member NPC, members of the Liberal Party, and several other minor parties.<ref name="state" /> The Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP) party led the 20-member opposition bloc.<ref name="state" /> In the Senate race, being not having candidate, NPC junked 5 opposition candidates from Pwersa ng Masa namely Defense Secretary Orlando Mercado, former DSWD Usec Jamby Madrigal, Muslim leader Ombra Tamano, former Sen. Santanina Rasul and former Information Undersecretary Reuben Canoy.<ref name="NPC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2003

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In 2003, NPC stalwarts led by Escudero, and Teodoro filed an impeachment complaint against Chief Justice Hilario Davide for allegedly misusing judiciary funds for acquiring luxury cars and homes, but even though the said impeachment complaint successfully gained votes of signatures enough for its succession,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional, and the House killed the impeachment.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> With the failure of impeachment in the House, rumors speculated that the coalition will go to abolishment, as pro-impeachment congressmen, mainly from the NPC disappointed in the failure of impeachment.<ref name=":02">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The rumors spread, also saying that there is a faction that are lacking of satisfaction on de Venecia and will challenge his speakership.<ref name=":02" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> NPC later prompted to quit in the coalition for the 2004 elections,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and later rumored to join the opposition.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2004 elections

In 2003, the LDP and NPC backed businessman Danding Cojuangco as a potential presidential candidate in that year's elections.<ref name="manila" /> Cojuangco, the NPC chair, withdrew from the campaign. But before the end of the year, NPC was sending 'mixed signals' that possibly confuse the public whether they will stay on the administration camp or jump into the opposition.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Although the NPC had no seats in the Senate, the party had 53 seats in the House of Representatives after the election.<ref>Introduction: Philippines CIA -The World Fact Book Retrieved December 10, 2006.</ref>

After Cojuangco withdrawn from the presidential elections, the NPC was divided— with Danding, and his sons Charlie and Mark, and nephew Gilbert Teodoro hails for supporting incumbent while the other group led by Escudero, former Senate President Ernesto Maceda, and Darlene Custodio supported Fernando Poe Jr.'s campaign. Escudero, who became Poe's spokesman berated and protested against widespread cheating while in congressional canvassing.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2005

In mid-2005, led by its House Leader Chiz Escudero, his anti-Arroyo NPC colleagues launched an impeachment complaint against incumbent President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who was apologizing for being busted for calling an election commissioner to ensure her win.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ultimately, Lakas-led House crushed the impeachment 158–51.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2007

With Escudero and newly-sworn member Loren Legarda joining Geniuine Opposition (GO), LDP stalwarts Tito Sotto and Tessie Aquino Oreta left their party and joined the NPC, but the latter two become ticket candidates of administration's TEAM Unity. Sotto claimed that some GO supporters and politicians defecting to the NPC.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Escudero and Legarda managed to win, but Sotto and Aquino-Oreta lost.

Escudero and Teodoro's ambition for 2010

Two of its former House stalwarts, Senator Chiz Escudero and Defense Secretary Teodoro left NPC for their presidential ambitions.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Teodoro joined Lakas–Kampi and launched his presidential campaign there, while Escudero planned also to run for presidency, but later withdrawn his bid and launched NoyBi. NPC, led by its new chairman Faustino Dy Jr.,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> forged a coalition with Manny Villar's Nacionalista to support the latter's presidential campaign with selection of Loren Legarda as running mate.

Aquino years: 2010–2016

2010: with Manny Villar

After Manny Villar of Nacionalista officially launched his campaign for presidency, his party and NPC launched a coalition building, with Legarda and Escudero are considered to be his running-mate,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> with the selection of the former.

2013

With Tito Sotto's chairmanship assumption, NPC forged an alliance with the administration's Team PNoy. But Sotto sided with Jejomar Binay's UNA, with Congressman Jack Enrile as one of its senatorial candidates.

2022–present: Bongbong Marcos years

2022 elections: Divided on presidentiables

After Cojuangco's death in 2020,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> NPC supported the vice presidential campaign of its chairman Sotto. But, in the preferences of presidential candidates, majority of them supported either Bongbong Marcos, or Panfilo Lacson's campaign, which was Sotto's running mate.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2025 elections: Sotto vs. Escudero in Senate Presidency

After the victory of Tito Sotto in senate elections of the same year, him and Chiz Escudero, are rumored to battle for senate presidency. One of their members in the Senate JV Ejercito proposed the two to make a gentlemen's agreement, with Escudero stay and Sotto will be the next seated.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> With majority of NPC Senate members voted to retain Escudero as Senate President, Legarda joined Sotto in the minority.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2025 Senate coup

Amid controversies of Escudero receiving donations from flood control contractors,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which he denied,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and with 15 votes (which includes all NPC members except Escudero), Escudero was kicked out from the Senate Presidency with the return of Sotto.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:Anchor1995 election

The NPC fielded a 12-person Senatorial slate in the 1995 elections as an opposition party to the administration of President Fidel V. Ramos. They ran against the administration-backed Lakas–Laban Coalition.

Candidate Party Occupation /
Previous position 		Elected
Rose Marie Arenas NPC Businesswoman No
Gaudencio Beduya NPC Former representative from Cebu No
Anna Dominique Coseteng NPC Senator Yes
Amanda T. Cruz NPC Businesswoman No
Ramon Fernandez NPC Professional basketball player No
Gregorio Honasan Independent Former colonel Yes
Bongbong Marcos KBL Representative from Ilocos Norte
son of Ferdinand Marcos 		No
Adelisa A. Raymundo NPC Former labor sectoral representative No
Manuel C. Roxas NPC Lawyer No
Almarin C. Tillah NPC Chair of the Bangsamoro National Congress No
Arturo Tolentino NPC Senator No
Miriam Defensor Santiago PRP Former Bureau of Immigration
and Deportation commissioner,
1992 presidential candidate 		Yes

Candidates

Template:Anchor2007 election

In the 2007 elections, the party won 26 seats: Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

Template:Anchor2010

2010 presidential elections

Loren Legarda – Vice-presidential candidate from the Nacionalista Party and LDP (lost)

Senate:

Template:Anchor2013

Senate:

Template:Anchor2016

Senate:

Template:Anchor2019

Senate:

Template:Anchor2022

Vice President: Tito Sotto (lost)

Senate:

Template:Anchor2025

Senate:

Electoral performance

Presidential and vice presidential elections

Year Presidential election Vice presidential election
Candidate Vote share Result Candidate Vote share Result
1992 Eduardo
"Danding"
Cojuangco Jr. 		Template:Percentage bar Fidel Ramos
(Lakas) 		Joseph Estrada Template:Percentage bar Joseph Estrada
(NPC)
1998 None Joseph Estrada
(PMP) 		None Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
(Lakas)
2004 None<ref group=n>NPC faction led by Chiz Escudero endorsed Fernando Poe Jr. for president, while Cojuangco–Teodoro–Yap wing supported Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.</ref> Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
(Lakas) 		None<ref group=n>NPC endorsed Loren Legarda for president.</ref> Noli de Castro
(Independent)
2010 None<ref group="n" name=":0">Legarda's running mate was Manny Villar, a Nacionalista.</ref> Benigno Aquino III
(Liberal) 		Loren Legarda Template:Percentage bar Jejomar Binay
(PDP–Laban)
2016 None<ref group=n>NPC endorsed Grace Poe for president.</ref> Rodrigo Duterte
(PDP–Laban) 		None<ref group="n">NPC endorsed Chiz Escudero (Independent) for vice president.</ref> Leni Robredo
(Liberal)
2022 None<ref group=n>There are no official Presidential standard bearer even Sotto has running mate (Ping Lacson) who is independent.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Bongbong Marcos
(PFP) 		Vicente Sotto III Template:Percentage bar Sara Z. Duterte
(Lakas)

Legislative elections

Congress of the Philippines
Year Seats won Result Year Seats won Ticket Result
1992 Template:Composition bar LDP plurality 1992 Template:Composition bar Single party ticket LDP win 16/24 seats
1995 Template:Composition bar Lakas–Laban majority 1995 Template:Composition bar NPC ticket Lakas–Laban win 9/12 seats
1998<ref group=n>Contested in an electoral alliance with LDP and PMP as LAMMP. Seat total consists of 55 LAMMP representatives and 9 NPC representatives elected outside the LAMMP alliance.</ref> Template:Composition bar Lakas plurality 1998 Template:Composition bar LAMMP LAMMP win 7/12 seats
2001 Template:Composition bar Lakas plurality 2001 Not
participating 		People Power win 8/13 seats
2004 Template:Composition bar Lakas plurality 2004 Template:Composition bar KNP K4 win 7/12 seats
2007 Template:Composition bar Lakas plurality 2007 Template:Composition bar Split ticket GO win 8/12 seats
2010 Template:Composition bar Lakas–Kampi plurality 2010 Template:Composition bar Split ticket Liberal win 4/12 seats
2013 Template:Composition bar Liberal plurality 2013 Template:Composition bar Split ticket Team PNoy win 9/12 seats
2016 Template:Composition bar Liberal plurality 2016 Template:Composition bar PGP Daang Matuwid win 7/12 seats
2019 Template:Composition bar PDP–Laban plurality 2019 Template:Composition bar Split ticket Hugpong win 9/12 seats
2022 Template:Composition bar PDP–Laban plurality 2022 Template:Composition bar Split ticket UniTeam win 6/12 seats
2025 Template:Composition bar Lakas plurality 2025 Template:Composition bar Bagong Pilipinas Bagong Pilipinas win 6/12 seats

Notes

Template:Reflist

Template:Anchor19th Congress

Senate

House of Representatives

District Representatives

Template:Div col

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Current party officials

Party leadership history

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Chairman

Chairperson Term start Term end
Danding Cojuangco 1991 2009
Faustino Dy Jr. 2009 2013
File:Tito Sotto III (cropped).jpg Tito Sotto 2013 present

See also

References

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Template:Philippine political parties Template:Philippines topics

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