New Force (Italy)
Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox political party New Force (Template:Langx, FN) is a neo-fascist<ref name="Greven2006">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Albanese2022">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="book">Giovanni Savino, "From Evola to Dugin", in: Template:Google books</ref> political party in Italy. It was founded by Roberto Fiore and Massimo Morsello. The party is a member of the Alliance for Peace and Freedom and was a part of the Social Alternative from 2003 to 2006. The party has often been strongly criticized for its radical positions and for acts of violence involving some militants. It also supported political campaigns opposed to same-sex marriage and immigration to Italy.
History
New Force was formed within the Tricolour Flame (Fiamma Tricolore) and then began the process that led it to become a party. Its founders and financiers were two well-known names from the years of militancy in the lead for the movements of the Roman radical right, and for their neo-fascist political beliefs. The split occurred when Tricolour Flame of Pino Rauti began to oppose the distribution among its members of the bulletin of Roberto Fiore and Massimo Morsello.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 1980, Fiore and Morsello escaped to London as fugitives after arrest warrants aimed at shedding light on the facts of the massacre at the Bologna railway station. The two were considered unrelated to the massacre, although they belonged, according to the judiciary, to the Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They both stayed in England during the first government led by Margaret Thatcher with the status of political refugees for 20 years.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
New Force was founded on 29 September 1997 at a meeting in Cave, in the province of Lazio, organized by Francesco Pallottino, leader of a Nazi rock group. It was not a random date because it is the one dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel, a symbol among other things of the Romanian Iron Guard, to which Forza Nuova historically refers. The founders Fiore and Morsello were still fugitives in London and did not return until 1999. Fiore was sentenced by a court to 66 months in prison. Morsello was sentenced to 98 months, although he did not serve them as he was dying from cancer (he died in March 2001).Template:Citation needed
The national launch of the group was in Latina with a conference in April 1998. Forza Nuova was placed on the political scene with the goal at the local level, to broaden their contacts on concrete campaigns against immigration, abortion, crime, and to hold together the conservative right-wing traditionalist with the social channel blocker.Template:Citation needed
On 25 March 1999, Massimo Morsello returned to Italy,<ref>Template:In lang "Morsello (ex Nar) torna in Italia," Corriere della Sera (21 January 1999). Retrieved 14-12-2013.</ref><ref>Template:In lang Martirano Dino, "Morto a Londra Morsello fondatore di Forza Nuova," Corriere della Sera (11 March 2001). Retrieved 14-12-2013.</ref> and so did Roberto Fiore on 21 April of the following year.<ref name="corriere-23-april-1999">Template:In lang Gallo Giuliano, "Roma, naziskin a giudizio," Corriere della Sera (23 April 1999). Retrieved 14-12-2013.</ref> They were welcomed at the airport by deputies of the National Alliance and Forza Italia such as Francesco Storace, Enzo Fragalà, Alberto Simeone, Carlo Taormina, Ernesto Caccavale and Teodoro Buontempo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In early 2001, the movement could count on 2500 members and forty sections scattered across Italy.<ref>Template:In lang "Forza nuova, 2.500 iscritti e 40 sezioni," Corriere della Sera (26 April 2001). Retrieved 14-12-2013.</ref>
In 2001 general election, New Force gained 13,622 votes at the Chamber of Deputies. In 2008 general election, the party won 0.30% in the Chamber<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and 0.26% in the Senate.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It has not been elected a parliamentary presented himself in the lists of the party. Following the resignation of mandatory Alessandra Mussolini, elected to the Chamber of Deputies, Roberto Fiore became MEP.<ref>Template:In lang "In Europa sbarca il «nero» Fiore, leader di Forza Nuova," Corriere della Sera (19 April 2008). Retrieved 14-12-2013.</ref>
In 2013 general election, New Force got 89,812 votes (0.26%) in the Chamber of Deputies and 81,521 votes in the Senate,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> failing to elect any candidate but becoming the largest far-right party in Italy.Template:Citation needed
In 2016, New Force was featured in an episode of Huang's World on the television channel Viceland. In the episode, the members went out to eat with Eddie Huang, the host, and an apparent local Sicilian walked by and happened to recognize the politicians and yelled at them for their far-right views. It ends with the host and camera crew going to jail because, they claimed, the New Force members had them arrested by the police.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
For the 2018 general election New Force joined with Tricolour Flame to form the Italy for the Italians coalition.Template:Citation needed
In May 2020 an internal party split takes place, dozens of offices throughout Italy leave the party giving life to a new entity called National Movement – The Network of the Patriots in controversy with the management of Fiore and Castellino considered not very transparent and too close to Matteo Salvini as well as aiming exclusively at obtaining media hype.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The new political entity is officially founded on 10 October 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On 9 October 2021 New Force militants attacked the Italian General Confederation of Labour's headquarters during a protest march against vaccine passports. Party founder and national secretary Roberto Fiore, the chief of the Roman chapter of the party Giuliano Castellino, the former NAR terrorist Luigi Aronica and other party members were arrested in the aftermath of the attack.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Attaccata la sede della Cgil a Roma, Landini: 'Squadrismo fascista', ANSA</ref><ref>Cgil, assalto alla sede di Roma, Landini: «Atto di squadrismo fascista», Corriere della Sera</ref>
On 11 October 2021 the Public Prosecutor's Office at the Court of Rome imposed a block on the party's website.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Presence outside Italy
Forza Nuova has longstanding ties to other European far-right organization, including the British National Party.<ref name="Savino">Giovanni Savino, "From Evola to Dugin: The Neo-Eurasianist Connection in Italy" in Eurasianism and the European Far Right: Reshaping the Europe–Russia Relationship (ed. Marlene Laruelle: Lexington Books, 2015), p. 115.</ref> Forza Nuova leader Roberto Fiore was once closely allied with the Ukrainian far-right Svoboda party, but following the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War, Forza Nuova and Fiore "made a considerable shift to the pro-Russian camp."<ref name="Savino"/> According to the Political Capital Institute, a Hungarian think tank, Forza Nuova is one of a number of Russian-backed radical right political parties in Europe.<ref>Giovanna Faggionato, Forza nuova, Roberto Fiore e i rapporti con Putin, Lettera43 (14 December 2014).</ref>
In 2016, a Forza Nuova affiliate continued attempts to recruit members in the United States.<ref>Forza Nuova Continues Attempt at Recruitment in USA Template:Webarchive, SITE Intelligence Group (10 February 2016).</ref> The group established Forza Nuova—USA chapters in New Jersey (Forza Nuova—USA's headquarters) and Phoenix, Arizona.<ref>Sarah Begley, Read the List of the 917 Hate Groups Identified by the Southern Poverty Law Center, Time (15 February 2017).</ref>
In 2018, Forza Nuova joined forces with Polish ultra-right organization National Radical Camp to "patrol" the beaches of Italian Romagna Riviera.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Political platform
Template:Neo-fascism The political movement claims to aim for "national reconstruction" by achieving eleven objectives:
- The repeal of abortion law.
- A social policy that encourages population growth and the traditional family.
- Opposition to immigration and the humane repatriation of recent immigrants to Italy.
- The fight against the Mafia, the banning of Freemasonry and all secret societies, together with exit from NATO and removal from the U.S. sphere of influence.
- The fight against usury and writing off of public debt, as well as the abolition of capitalism.
- The restoration of the 1929 agreement between the State and the Church and the defence of national identity.
- The repeal of the Mancino and Scelba laws, which the Forza Nuova believes destroy freedom.
- The formation of guilds for the protection of workers.
- Laws to eliminate seigniorage banking income and for the state to issue currency; complementary currencies for local trade, and the nationalization of the following sectors: health, the central bank, commercial banks and strategic industries
- The "recovery of Christian religiosity" and of "faith in the Catholic Church".Template:Citation needed
New Force is also characterized by Euroscepticism; Roberto Fiore, FN leader, stated that he wanted to oppose "with all possible legal means" the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. As the Russo-Ukrainian War began, the party started supporting Russia, although it had previously enjoyed relations with Ukrainian far-right groups. This has created a disunity with CasaPound, which is pro-Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> According to the Italian edition of the HuffPost, members of New Force went to fight in Ukraine for Russia, among them Andrea Palmeri, enlisted in the separatist forces in Donbas.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Regarding the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, New Force is pro-Palestine and are accused of supporting extremist groups like Hamas (views that are shared among the Italian neo-fascist groups). After the October 7 attacks, New Force led by Roberto Fiore organized demonstrations in support of "Palestinian resistance".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Election results
Italian Parliament
| Chamber of Deputies | |||||
| Election year | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | into Southern Action League | Template:Composition bar | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Roberto Fiore | |
| 2006 | into Social Alternative | Template:Composition bar | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Roberto Fiore | |
| 2008 | 108,837 | 0.30 | Template:Composition bar | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Roberto Fiore |
| 2013 | 89,811 | 0.26 (#16) | Template:Composition bar | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Roberto Fiore |
| 2018 | into Italy for the Italians | Template:Composition bar | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Roberto Fiore | |
| Senate of the Republic | |||||
| Election year | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | into Southern Action League | Template:Composition bar | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Roberto Fiore | |
| 2006 | into Social Alternative | Template:Composition bar | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Roberto Fiore | |
| 2008 | 85,630 | 0.26 | Template:Composition bar | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Roberto Fiore |
| 2013 | 81,521 | 0.26 (#16) | Template:Composition bar | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Roberto Fiore |
| 2018 | into Italy for the Italians | Template:Composition bar | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Roberto Fiore | |
European Parliament
| European Parliament | |||||
| Election year | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | into Southern Action League | Template:Composition bar | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Roberto Fiore | |
| 2004 | into Social Alternative | Template:Composition bar | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Roberto Fiore | |
| 2009 | 146,619 | 0.47 | Template:Composition bar | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Roberto Fiore |
| 2019 | 41,077 | 0.15 | Template:Composition bar | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Roberto Fiore |
Symbolism
Symbols
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2000–2004
-
2006–2020
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New logo introduced in 2021, depicting a swallow, refers to the logo of Ala Littoria, national airline from 1934 to 1945.
Association with white shirts
During 2014 anti-immigration demonstrations, the party members wore white shirts. According to Italian journalist Fabio Spaterna, the use of white shirts symbolizes their "anti-immigrant instances". In addition to this distinctive clothing the forzanovisti (Template:Literal translation) have flown the flag of the Russian Federation. New Force leader Roberto Fiore justified the Russian flag presence by affirming: "Irony of history, Putin is the only one who represents our values today".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Notes
External links
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