New Zealand Order of Merit

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use New Zealand English Template:Infobox order

The New Zealand Order of Merit (Template:Langx<ref>Statutes of the New Zealand Order of Merit Template:Webarchive (SR 1996/205), reg 58</ref>) is an order of merit in the New Zealand royal honours system. It was established by royal warrant on 30 May 1996 by Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand, "for those persons who in any field of endeavour, have rendered meritorious service to the Crown and nation or who have become distinguished by their eminence, talents, contributions or other merits",<ref name="dpmconzm">Template:Cite web</ref> to recognise outstanding service to the Crown and people of New Zealand in a civil or military capacity.

In the order of precedence, the New Zealand Order of Merit ranks immediately after the Order of New Zealand.

Creation

Prior to 1996, New Zealanders received appointments to various British orders, such as the Order of the Bath, the Order of St Michael and St George, the Order of the British Empire, and the Order of the Companions of Honour, as well as the distinction of Knight Bachelor.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The change came about after the Prime Minister's Honours Advisory Committee (1995) was created "to consider and present options and suggestions on the structure of a New Zealand Royal Honours System in New Zealand, which is designed to recognise meritorious service, gallantry and bravery and long service".<ref name=review/>

Composition

Rear Admiral David Ledson, ONZM, RNZN, wearing the medal for Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit.

The monarch of New Zealand is the Sovereign of the order and the governor-general is its Chancellor. Appointments are made at five levels:

  • Knight or Dame Grand Companion (GNZM)
  • Knight or Dame Companion (KNZM or DNZM)
  • Companion (CNZM)
  • Officer (ONZM)
  • Member (MNZM).

From 2000 to 2009, the two highest levels of the Order were renamed Principal Companion (PCNZM) and Distinguished Companion (DCNZM), without the appellation of "Sir" or "Dame".<ref name="onzmadditionalstatutes">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="discontinued">Template:Cite news</ref>

The number of Knights and Dames Grand Companion (and Principal Companions) is limited to 30 living people. Additionally, new appointments are limited to 15 Knights or Dames Companion, 40 Companions, 80 Officers and 140 Members per year.<ref>Statutes of the New Zealand Order of Merit Template:Webarchive (SR 1996/205), reg 9</ref>

As well as the five levels, there are three different types of membership. Ordinary membership is limited to citizens of New Zealand or a Commonwealth realm. "Additional" members, appointed on special occasions, are not counted in the numerical limits. People who are not citizens of a Commonwealth realm are given "Honorary" membership; if they subsequently adopt citizenship of a Commonwealth realm they are eligible for Additional membership.<ref>Statutes of the New Zealand Order of Merit Template:Webarchive (SR 1996/205), regs 6–11</ref>

There is also a Secretary and Registrar (the Clerk of the Executive Council) and a Herald (the New Zealand Herald of Arms) of the Order.

Insignia and other distinctions

Insignia of the New Zealand Order of Merit
  • The Collar, worn only by the Sovereign and Chancellor, comprises "links of the central medallion of the badge" and S-shaped Koru, with the coat of arms of New Zealand in centre. Hanging from the coat of arms is the badge of the Order.
  • The Star is an eight-pointed star with each arm bearing a representation of a fern frond, with the Order's badge superimposed in the centre. Grand Companions wear a gold star and Knight Companions wear a silver star.
  • The Badge for the three highest classes is a gold and white enamel cross with curved edges bearing at its centre the coat of arms of New Zealand within a green enamel ring bearing the motto For Merit Tohu Hiranga, topped by a royal crown. The badge for Officers and Members is similar, but in silver-gilt and silver respectively. Grand Companions wear the badge on a sash over the right shoulder (though the Governor-General usually wears it as a neck decoration in lieu of the Collar); Knight Companions and Companions wear the badge on a neck ribbon (men) or a bow on the left shoulder (women). Officers and Members wear the badge from a ribbon on the left lapel (men) or a bow on the left shoulder (women).
  • The ribbon and sash are plain red ochre.

There also exist miniatures and lapel badges of the five levels of the New Zealand Order of Merit.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Knight/Dames Grand Companion and Knight/Dames Companion are entitled to use the style Sir for males and Dame for females.

The order's statutes grant heraldic privileges to members of the first and second level, who are entitled to have the Order's circlet ("a green circle, edged gold, and inscribed with the Motto of the Order in gold") surrounding their shield. Grand Companions are also entitled to heraldic supporters. The Chancellor is entitled to supporters and a representation of the Collar of the Order around his/her shield.<ref>Statutes of the New Zealand Order of Merit Template:Webarchive (SR 1996/205), reg 50</ref>

Office holders

Living grand and principal companions

No. Name Portrait Honour Date of appointment Known for Present age
1 Sir William Birch
Template:Post-nominals		 Knight Grand Companion 7 June 1999 38th Minister of Finance Template:Age
2 Dame Sian Elias
Template:Post-nominals		 Dame Grand Companion 7 June 1999 12th Chief Justice of New Zealand Template:Age
3 Sir Lloyd Geering
Template:Post-nominals		 Knight Grand Companion 30 December 2000 Theological scholar Template:Age
4 Dame Malvina Major
Template:Post-nominals		 Dame Grand Companion 31 December 2007 Opera singer Template:Age
5 Sir Ray Avery
Template:Post-nominals		 Knight Grand Companion 31 December 2010 Pharmaceutical scientist Template:Age
6 Sir Murray Brennan
Template:Post-nominals		 Knight Grand Companion 31 December 2014 Surgeon, cancer researcher & medical academic Template:Age
7 Sir John Key
Template:Post-nominals Template:Post-nominals		 Knight Grand Companion 5 June 2017 38th Prime Minister of New Zealand Template:Age
8 Sir Stephen Tindall
Template:Post-nominals		 Knight Grand Companion 31 December 2018 Businessman and philanthropist Template:Age
9 Dame Jacinda Ardern
Template:Post-nominals		 Dame Grand Companion 5 June 2023 40th Prime Minister of New Zealand Template:Age
Additional appointments
Dame Silvia Cartwright
Template:Post-nominals		 Principal Companion 20 March 2001 Former Governor-General Template:Age
Sir Anand Satyanand
Template:Post-nominals		 Knight Grand Companion 5 June 2006 Former Governor-General Template:Age
Sir Jerry Mateparae
Template:Post-nominals		 Knight Grand Companion 20 May 2011 Former Governor-General Template:Age
Dame Patsy Reddy
Template:Post-nominals		 Dame Grand Companion 27 June 2016 Former Governor-General Template:Age
Dame Helen Winkelmann
Template:Post-nominals		 Dame Grand Companion 4 March 2019 13th Chief Justice of New Zealand Template:Age
Dame Cindy Kiro
Template:Post-nominals		 Dame Grand Companion 9 August 2021 Governor-General Template:Age

Living distinguished companions

The following contains the names of the small number of living Distinguished Companions (DCNZM) who chose not to convert their appointment to a Knight or Dame Companion, and thus not to accept the respective appellation of "Sir" or "Dame". The majority of those affected chose the aforereferenced appellations. After initially declining redesignation in 2009, Vincent O'Sullivan and Sam Neill accepted the change in December 2021 and June 2022, respectively.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Name Portrait Date of appointment Known for Present age
Witi Ihimaera
Template:Post-nominals		 7 June 2004 Writer Template:Age
Penny Jamieson
Template:Post-nominals		 7 June 2004 Former Bishop of Dunedin Template:Age
Joy Cowley
Template:Post-nominals		 6 June 2005 Writer Template:Age
Patricia Grace
Template:Post-nominals		 Patricia Grace 4 June 2007 Writer Template:Age
Margaret Wilson
Template:Post-nominals		 31 December 2008 Former Speaker of Parliament Template:Age

Controversy

A change to non-titular honours was a recommendation contained within the original report of the 1995 honours committee (The New Zealand Royal Honours System: The Report of the Prime Minister’s Honours Advisory Committee) which prompted the creation of the New Zealand Order of Merit. Titular honours were incorporated into the new system before its implementation in 1996 after the National Party caucus and public debate were split as to whether titles should be retained.<ref name=review>Template:Cite journal</ref>

There has long been debate in New Zealand regarding the appropriateness of titles. Some feel it is no longer appropriate as New Zealand has not been a colony since 1907, and to these people titles are out of step with present-day New Zealand. Others feel that titles carry both domestic and international recognition, and that awarded on the basis of merit they remain an appropriate recognition of excellence.Template:Citation needed

In April 2000 the then new Labour Prime Minister, Helen Clark, announced that knighthoods and damehoods had been abolished and the order's statutes amended. From 2000 to 2009, the two highest levels of the Order were Principal Companion (PCNZM) and Distinguished Companion (DCNZM), without the appellation of "Sir" or "Dame"; appointment to all levels of the Order were recognised solely by the use of post-nominal letters.<ref name="onzmadditionalstatutes"/><ref name="discontinued"/>

A National Business Review<ref name="poll-honours">National Business Review 24 March 2000</ref> poll in February 2000 revealed that 54% of New Zealanders thought the titles should be scrapped. The Labour Government's April 2000 changes were criticised by opposition parties, with Richard Prebble of the ACT New Zealand party deriding the PCNZM's initials as standing for "a Politically Correct New Zealand that used to be a Monarchy".

The issue of titular honours would appear whenever honours were mentioned. In the lead up to the 2005 general election, Leader of the Opposition Don Brash suggested that should a National-led government be elected, he would reverse Labour's changes and re-introduce knighthoods.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2009, Prime Minister John Key (later to become a Knight Grand Companion himself) restored the honours to their pre-April 2000 state. Principal Companions and Distinguished Companions (85 people in total) were given the option to convert their awards into Knighthoods or Damehoods.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The restoration was welcomed by Monarchy New Zealand.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The option has been taken up by 72 of those affected, including rugby great Colin Meads.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Former Labour MP Margaret Shields was one of those who accepted a Damehood, despite receiving a letter from former Prime Minister Helen Clark "setting out why Labour had abolished the titles and saying she hoped she would not accept one".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Clark's senior deputy, Michael Cullen, also accepted a knighthood.

Appointments continued when Labour returned to government in 2017 as the Sixth Labour Government. The 2018 New Year Honours included seven knights and dames. The government did not comment on its position regarding knighthoods and damehoods, but Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern did specifically congratulate two women on becoming Dames Companion.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On leaving office in 2023, Ardern accepted appointment as a Dame Grand Companion, formally receiving investiture in 2024 from Prince William.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

References

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