Nicolas de Grigny
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Nicolas de Grigny (baptized 8 September 1672 – November 30, 1703) was a French organist and composer. He died young and left behind a single collection of organ music, and an Ouverture for harpsichord.
Life
Nicolas de Grigny was born in Reims in the parish of Saint-Pierre-Le-Vieil.<ref name="halbreich">Halbreich.</ref> The exact date of his birth is unknown; he was baptized on September 8. He was born into a family of musicians: his father, his grandfather, and his uncle, Robert, were organists at the Reims Cathedral, the Basilica of St. Pierre and St. Hilaire, respectively.<ref name="grove">Howell, Sabatier, Grove.</ref><ref>Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers, p. 211.</ref> Few details about his life are known, nothing at all about his formative years. Between 1693 and 1695 he served as organist of the abbey church of Saint Denis, in Paris (where his brother André de Grigny was sub-prior<ref name=grove />). It was also during that period that Grigny studied with Nicolas Lebègue, who was by then one of the most famous French keyboard composers.<ref>Higginbottom, Grove.</ref> In 1695 Grigny married Marie-Magdeleine de France, daughter of a Parisian merchant.<ref name=halbreich /> Apparently he returned to his hometown soon afterwards: the record of the birth of his first son indicates that de Grigny was already in Reims in 1696. The couple went on to produce six more children.<ref name=grove />
By late 1697, Grigny was appointed titular organist of Notre-Dame de Reims (the exact date of the appointment is not known), the city's famous cathedral in which French kings were crowned. In 1699 the composer published his Premier livre d'orgue [contenant une messe et les hymnes des principalles festes de l'année] in Paris. Grigny died prematurely in 1703, aged 31, shortly after accepting a job offer from Saint Symphorien, a parish church in Reims.<ref name=grove /> His Livre d'orgue was reissued in 1711 through the efforts of his widow.<ref name=halbreich /> The collection became known abroad: it was copied in 1713 by Johann Sebastian Bach, and later by Johann Gottfried Walther.<ref name=grove />
Work
Template:Listen Nicolas de Grigny's only surviving music is a large volume of organ works, Premier livre d'orgue (Paris, 1699; second edition 1711). The second edition was the only one known until 1949, when the earlier print was discovered—a single surviving copy at Bibliothèque nationale de France.<ref name=halbreich /> This was published by Christophe Ballard using the original plates prepared by Claude Roussel, its engraver, in 1699. The first modern edition, by Alexandre Guilmant, 1904, was based on the 1711 version.
Unlike many other French livres d'orgue of the time, Grigny's publication contains no preface. The collection is in two parts: the first is a mass setting, the second comprises settings of five hymns for the principal feasts of the church year: Veni Creator (5 versets), Pange lingua (3 versets), Verbum supernum (4 versets), Ave maris stella (4 versets) and A solus ortus (three versets). There are 42 pieces overall. The plan of the mass is as follows:
- 5 Kyrie versets,
- 9 Gloria versets,
- an Offertory,
- 2 Sanctus versets,
- 1 Benedictus verset,
- an Elévation,
- 2 Agnus Dei versets,
- a Communion, and
- an Ite Missa Est verset.
As specified by the Caeremoniale Parisiensis (1662), Grigny states the chant melodies in the first and last Kyrie, Gloria, and the first Sanctus and Agnus Dei. His publication is based on Cunctipotens genitor Deus. The collection also includes a Point d'orgue, a piece based on a long pedal point.
See also
Notes
References
- Apel, Willi. 1972. The History of Keyboard Music to 1700. Translated by Hans Tischler. Indiana University Press, 1972. Template:ISBN. Originally published as Geschichte der Orgel- und Klaviermusik bis 1700 by Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel.
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- Halbreich, Harry. Liner notes to: Nicolas de Grigny - Premier livre d'orgue, Michel Chapuis (organist). 1976/1987, Auvidis-Astrée E 7725.
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- Template:Cite Grove
- Template:Cite Grove
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- Silbiger, Alexander. 2004. Keyboard Music Before 1700 (in: Routledge Studies in Musical Genres). Template:ISBN, Template:ISBN
External links
Biography
- Biographie à Musicologie.org Biography and extended bibliography Template:In lang
- Medieval.org: Grigny: Hymns Includes partial discography and miscellaneous details about the composer
Scores
- Template:IMSLP
- Free scores at the Mutopia Project
- Premier Livre d'Orgue; ed. J Baxendale (Tynset, Lyrebird Music, 2020).
Audio
- Listen to pieces from A solis ortus in the Premier Livre d'Orgue:
- Pages with broken file links
- 1672 births
- 1703 deaths
- 18th-century French classical composers
- 18th-century French keyboardists
- Composers for pipe organ
- French Baroque composers
- French classical organists
- French male classical composers
- Musicians from Reims
- 17th-century French male musicians
- French male classical organists