Nizami Mausoleum

Template:Short description Template:Infobox Monument Template:Nizami Ganjavi The Nizami Mausoleum (Template:Langx), built in honor of the 12th-century Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi, stands just outside the city of Ganja, Azerbaijan. The mausoleum was originally built in 1947 in place of an old collapsed mausoleum, and rebuilt in its present form in 1991.

History

The tomb of Nizami has been a place of devoted pilgrimage for many centuries.<ref>Peter J. Chelkowski. Mirror of the invisible world: Tales from the Khamseh of Nizami. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1975. Template:ISBN, Template:ISBN, p. 3</ref> According to historian Vasily Bartold, the mausoleum was first mentioned in historical chronicles in 1606. The Safavid court chronicler Iskander Beg Munshi reported that toward the end of February 1606, Shah Abbas I reached Ganja and camped near the tomb of Sheikh Nizami,<ref>Iskandar Beg Munšī. History of Shah 'Abbas the Great, Volume 3. Westview Press, 1986, Template:ISBN, Template:ISBN, p. 902.</ref> where on 24 March he celebrated the holiday of Novruz.<ref>Iskandar Beg Munšī. History of Shah 'Abbas the Great, Volume 3. Westview Press, 1986, Template:ISBN, Template:ISBN, p. 905.</ref>

During the Russo-Persian War in 1826, a decisive battle between Russian and Persian forces took place near the tomb of Nizami. The Russian forces commanded by General Ivan Paskevich defeated the Persian army and forced it to retreat.<ref>Template:In lang Василій Александрович Потто. Кавказская война: Персидская война, 1826–1828 гг. Volume 3. "Кавказский край", 1993. Template:ISBN, Template:ISBN, p. 130</ref> Russian envoy to Persia, Aleksandr Griboyedov, recorded in his diary a conversation with writer and historian Abbasgulu Bakikhanov, a member of the Russian diplomatic mission, in which Bakikhanov informed him that the Battle of Elisabethpol had occurred in the vicinity of the tomb of Nizami.<ref>Template:In lang ФЭБ: Грибоедов. Эриванский поход.</ref>

Collapse

According to Bakikhanov, by the 1840s the tomb of Nizami had collapsed, and former vezir of Karabakh khanate Mirza Adigozal bey was rebuilding it.<ref>Template:In lang Abbas-Kuli-aga Bakikhanov. Golestan-e Eram</ref>

In 1873 Shah of Persia Naser al-Din Qajar, on the way home from his first tour in Europe, passed by the tomb of Nizami. He mentioned in his diary the tomb of Shaykh Nizami by the side of the road at about half a league or more from Ganja, and described it as "a very wretched brick building".<ref>J.W. Redhouse. The Diary of H. M. the Shah of Persia, During His Tour Through Europe in A. D. 1873. BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2009. Template:ISBN, Template:ISBN, p. 416</ref>

By the turn of the 20th century, the mausoleum became almost completely ruined. In 1925, the grave of the poet was excavated, and his remains exhumed for reburial at the center of Ganja. However, the leadership of Soviet Azerbaijan ordered the reburial of the poet at the same location and the erection of a temporary monument.

In 1940, in connection with construction of a new mausoleum, an archaeological investigation revealed the remains of an ancient mausoleum deep under the ground, dating to the 13th century. The remains of an overground structure were a 19th-century restoration.<ref>Template:In lang И. П. Щеблыкин. Памятники азербайджанского зодчества эпохи Низами: материалы. Изд-во АзФАН, 1943, pp. 49–50</ref>

Reconstruction

In 1947, a new mausoleum, designed by A. Sarkisov and I. Vakhutin,<ref>Kirovabad. Great Soviet Encyclopedia.</ref> was constructed from limestone. Later, the Soviet government constructed an aluminium production plant in the vicinity of the mausoleum. The hazardous emissions from the plant seriously damaged the building, and it collapsed by the late 1980s.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The mausoleum was rebuilt in its present form after Azerbaijan regained its independence following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Building

It is a tall cylindrical building surrounded by gardens. On one side, there are metal statues commemorating Nizami's epic poems. The mausoleum was constructed from solid granite blocks, delivered from Ukraine. The architect was Farman Imamguliyev, and the statues were created by the sculptor Gorkhmaz Sujaddinov.<ref>Template:In lang Template:Usurped</ref>

Gallery

• File:Nizami-Ganjavi-4.JPG
• File:Nizami Ganjavi mausoleum in Ganja, Azerbaijan.JPG
• File:Nizami məqbərəsi yaxınlığındakı parkda Nizami və onun personajları.jpg
• File:Nizami-Ganjavi-1.JPG
• File:Gəncə - 20.07.17 - 13.jpg
• File:Nizami Gəncəvi türbəsi (daxili).png
• File:Gəncə - 20.07.17 - 9.jpg
• File:Sarg im Mausoleum.jpg

See also

• List of mausoleums