No. 32 Squadron RAF
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox military unit
No. 32 (The Royal) Squadron, also known as No.XXXII Squadron, is a squadron of the Royal Air Force. It operates the Dassault Envoy IV CC1 in the Command Support Air Transport role, transporting VIPs and carrying out general air transport roles. It is based at RAF Northolt in Greater London, England.
Originally formed in 1916 as part of the Royal Flying Corps, the squadron saw action during the First and Second World Wars with fighter aircraft, but was disbanded in 1969. The Metropolitan Communications Squadron, involved in the VIP transport role, was renamed as No. 32 Squadron at that time.<ref name=GAR-BAe125>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1995, the squadron was merged with the Queen's Flight, and incorporated 'The Royal' title into its name.<ref name="32Sqn-RAF">Template:Cite web</ref> At this time, the squadron moved from RAF Benson in Oxfordshire to RAF Northolt in Greater London, where it remains.
The merger ended the RAF's provision of dedicated VIP transport aircraft; the squadron's aircraft are available to VIP passengers only if they are not needed for military operations. Template:As of, one flight within the squadron operates the Dassault Envoy IV CC1 fixed-wing aircraft.
History
First World War (1916–1918)
No. 32 Squadron was formed as part of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) on Template:Start date at Netheravon in Wiltshire,<ref name=32Sqn-RAF/> and moved to France as a fighter squadron equipped with the Airco DH.2 in May.<ref name="pict p424">Rawlings 1971, p. 424.</ref> On 1 July 1916, its commanding officer, Major (later Group Captain) Lionel Rees, was engaged in a combat with eight German Albatros two-seater aircraft, and although wounded in the leg, managed to scatter the German aircraft, driving down two of the enemy, for which action he was awarded the Victoria Cross.<ref name="pict p424"/><ref name=RAF-ZE700-SWAM>Template:Cite web</ref>
The squadron continued to fly patrols over the Western Front, including over the Somme and Arras battlefields, for a year before beginning to re-equip with the Airco DH.5, specialising in ground attack missions. These in turn began to be replaced by the Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5a in December 1917, which were flown for the rest of the war on fighter and ground attack missions. On 1 April 1918, the squadron became part of the newly formed Royal Air Force (RAF). During the war, sixteen aces had served in its ranks, including future Air Marshal Arthur Coningham; Walter Tyrrell; Arthur Claydon; John Donaldson; Wilfred Green; Frank Hale; Hubert Jones; William Curphey; Maxmillian Mare-Montembault; and George Lawson.<ref>Shores, Franks & Guest 1990, p. 33</ref>
Inter-war years (1919–1938)
In March 1919, the squadron returned to the United Kingdom as a cadre, and disbanded on 29 December 1919.<ref name="pict p424-5">Rawlings 1971, pp. 424–425.</ref> It reformed on 1 April 1923 at RAF Kenley in Surrey as a single flight of Sopwith Snipe fighters.<ref name=RAFweb.org>Template:Cite web</ref> A second flight was formed on 10 December 1923, and a third brought the squadron up to full strength on 1 June 1924. The Gloster Grebe was received at the end of 1924, and was replaced by the Gloster Gamecock two years later. Equipped in succession with the Armstrong Whitworth Siskin, Bristol Bulldog, and Gloster Gauntlet, the squadron received the Hawker Hurricane I in October 1938.<ref name=32Sqn-RAF/><ref name=RAFweb.org/>
Second World War (1939–1945)
In May 1940, the squadron flew patrols over northern France, and took part in the defence of south-east England, based at RAF Biggin Hill in Greater London, but operating daily from their forward airfield at RAF Hawkinge, near Folkestone, during the opening weeks of the Battle of Britain.<ref name=32Sqn-RAF/> The squadron moved to northern England at the end of August 1940.<ref name="pict p425-6">Rawlings 1971, pp. 425–426.</ref> The squadron's Hurricanes saw little action throughout 1941, but did attempt, unsuccessfully, to escort the Fairey Swordfish biplanes of 825 Naval Air Squadron during their doomed attempt to stop the German warships Template:Ship, Template:Ship, and Template:Ship during the Channel Dash on 12 February 1942.<ref name="pict p426">Rawlings 1971, p.426.</ref> The squadron carried out a number of night intruder operations before being deployed overseas.<ref name=RAFweb.org/>
Following Operation Torch, the Anglo-American invasion of North Africa, in December 1942, the squadron, commanded by John Shaw deployed with its Hurricanes to Algeria, converting to the Supermarine Spitfire by July 1943.<ref name="pict p89-93">Rawlings 1969, pp. 89–93.</ref><ref name="pict p426"/> Operations included a deployment to Greece, where it took part in the Greek Civil War from September 1944 to February 1945.<ref name=RAFweb.org/>
Cold War (1946–1990s)
Fighters
After the end of the Second World War, the squadron continued as a fighter unit, flying Spitfires, the de Havilland Vampire, and de Havilland Venom, from bases in Palestine, Cyprus, Egypt, the Persian Gulf, Malta, and Jordan. In January 1957, the squadron converted to the English Electric Canberra B.2<ref name=32Sqn-RAF/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> bombers at RAF Weston Zoyland in Somerset, flying from Cyprus.<ref name=RAFweb.org/>
VIP transport
The squadron remained in Cyprus until disbanding on 3 February 1969.<ref name="RAFweb.org" /> Simultaneously, the Metropolitan Communications Squadron was renamed No. 32 Squadron. It had formed on 8 April 1944 in the VIP air transport role, by the renaming of No. 510 Squadron.<ref name="GAR-BAe125" /> It operated a variety of aircraft, including the Hawker Siddeley Andover CC.2<ref name=32Sqn-RAF/> and Westland Whirlwind HC.10 helicopters.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
No. 32 Squadron acquired four Hawker Siddeley HS.125 CC1 business jets in 1971,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> these were Viper powered -400B series.<ref name=GAR-BAe125/> These would be supplemented and then replaced by two HS.125 CC2 (-600B version) delivered in 1973,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and six BAe 125 CC3 (Garrett-powered -700B version) delivered in 1982 and 1983.<ref name=GAR-BAe125/> Westland Gazelle helicopters served with the squadron from 1976 onwards. These were replaced by initially two, later three Eurocopter Twin Squirrels in 1996.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The RAF leased two BAe 146 in 1983 (designated BAe 146 CC1) as a test of their suitability to replace the Andover, which were operated by No. 241 Operational Conversion Unit. Two BAe 146-100 (designated BAe 146 CC2) were purchased in 1984 for the Queen's Flight as a result, with delivery in 1986. A third BAe 146 CC2 was purchased in 1989 and delivered in 1990,<ref name="jawa93 p384">Lambert 1993, p. 384.</ref> although it was subsequently sold in 2002. The BAe 146 provided a 60% increase in range compared with the Andover, and a larger interior capacity for more passengers.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 1 April 1995, the Queen's Flight, equipped with these BAe 146 CC2, and Westland Wessex HCC.4 helicopters (the latter operated from 1969 until 1998),<ref name=Haynes-Wessex>Template:Cite web</ref> was merged into No. 32 Squadron, to become No. 32 (The Royal) Squadron, and moved to RAF Northolt from RAF Benson in Oxfordshire.<ref name=32Sqn-RAF/><ref name="Livery">Template:Cite news</ref> The merger brought to an end the RAF's provision of dedicated VIP transport aircraft. The squadrons aircraft are available to VIP passengers only if not required for military operations, with the Ministry of Defence (MOD) stating in 1999: "the principal purpose of 32 Squadron [is] to provide communications and logistical support to military operations; the Squadron's capacity should be based on military needs only; and any royal or other non-military use of ... spare capacity is secondary to its military purpose".<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
21st Century (2000– present)
Following a review by the MOD in 2004, the squadron's aircraft lost their distinctive livery inherited from The Queen's Flight, featuring red flying surfaces. This was due to the concern over the aircraft's vulnerability to terrorist attack, to make the aircraft look more 'civilian'.<ref name="Livery"/>
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In May 2005, the Defence Logistics Organisation's Helicopter and Islander Combined Integrated Project Team awarded AgustaWestland a five-year contract from 1 April 2006 to provide three AgustaWestland AW109E to replace the three Twin Squirrels. This contract was extended on 31 March 2011, to allow two of the AW109E to continue in use for a further year.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Two additional BAe 146 were purchased in March 2012 from TNT Airways, and were refitted by Hawker Beechcraft on behalf of BAE Systems for tactical freight and personnel transport use.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The aircraft, designated as the BAe 146 C3, arrived in Afghanistan in April 2013.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 16 March 2015, the squadron's final BAe 125 returned from operations in Afghanistan, and the type's retirement from the RAF was brought forward due to defence budget cuts.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Of the final four operational aircraft, three were put up for sale by the Ministry of Defence,<ref name="GAR-BAe125" /> and one (ZD621) was placed on permanent display as a gate guardian at RAF Northolt.<ref name="UK-Serials-ZD">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The aircraft were retired from service seven years ahead of their original withdrawal date.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On 30 November 2015, a single AgustaWestland AW109SP GrandNew<ref name=32Sqn-RAF/> was delivered to the squadron to replace the unit's earlier AW109E<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> which was withdrawn the following year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 11 October 2017, the Ministry of Defence announced that Her Majesty The Queen had approved the award of Battle Honours 'Iraq 2003–2011' and 'Libya 2011', both without the right to emblazon, to the squadron.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The squadron's two BAe 146 C3 were modified in 2020 for use in the medical support role, to carry patients and medical personnel into and out of smaller airfields than the RAF's Airbus Voyager multi-role tanker transport aircraft.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
The Integrated Review saw the fleet of four BAe 146 retired in March 2022.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Shortly before, in February 2022, Defence Equipment and Support announced that the four aircraft would be replaced by two Dassault Falcon 900LX.<ref name=DES-MOD>Template:Cite web</ref>
One of the BAe 146-100s (ZE701) was retired to the Imperial War Museum Duxford in Cambridgeshire, the other (ZE700) was gifted to the South Wales Aviation Museum at St Athan in March 2022.<ref name=RAF-ZE700-SWAM/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The two BAe 146-200 were removed from service and sold to civilian airline Pionair Australia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In August 2023, it was announced that the Rotary Wing Command Support Air Transport contract, which provided the squadron's AgustaWestland AW109SP GrandNew, would not be renewed and would end on 30 September 2023.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Ministry of Defence later confirmed that the contract had been extended.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The new Labour government subsequently cancelled the extension of the contract in August 2024, with effect from December 2024.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Heritage
Badge and motto
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The squadron's badge features a hunting horn stringed, representing the unit's ability to hunt the enemy. It was approved by King George VI in December 1936.<ref name="Halley1988">Halley 1988, pp. 78–79.</ref>
The squadron's motto is Template:Language with name/for.<ref name=32Sqn-RAF/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Preserved aircraft
Two preserved examples of the squadron's Westland Wessex HCC.4 helicopters, originally operated by the Queen's Flight, can be seen at The Helicopter Museum located at Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, and the Royal Air Force Museum London (XV732) at Hendon, north London.<ref name="Haynes-Wessex" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Battle honours
No. 32 Squadron has received the following battle honours. Those marked with an asterisk (*) may be emblazoned on the squadron standard.<ref name=32Sqn-RAF/> Template:Columns-list
See also
- List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons
- Spirit of the Few Monument – sculptures of seven of the squadron's Second World War pilots
References
Notes
Bibliography
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book (republished by Bridge Books of Wrexham, Wales in 1994. Template:ISBN)
- Template:Cite book (2nd edition 1976)
- Template:Cite magazine
- Template:Cite book (second edition 1976)
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
External links
Template:RAF squadrons Template:Royal Air Force Template:Portal bar Template:Authority control