No. 7 Squadron RAF

From Vero - Wikipedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:EngvarB Template:Infobox military unit

No. 7 Squadron is a squadron of the Royal Air Force which operates the Boeing Chinook HC6 from RAF Odiham, Hampshire. It is part of the Joint Special Forces Aviation Wing.

History

Formation and early years (1914–1919)

No. 7 Squadron was formed at Farnborough Airfield on Template:Start date as the last squadron of the Royal Flying Corps to be formed before the First World War,<ref>Halley 1988, p. 32.</ref> but has been disbanded and reformed several times since, the first being after only three months of existence,<ref>West 1974, p. 1.</ref> the latter as early as 28 September 1914.<ref>West 1974, p. 2.</ref> The squadron spent most of the First World War in observation and interception roles and was responsible for the first ever interception of an enemy aircraft over Britain.<ref>The Air Defence of Britain 1914–1918, Cole & Cheeseman</ref>

The squadron deployed to France in April 1915, flying the Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.5 for reconnaissance and the Vickers Gunbus as escort fighters. Captain John Aidan Liddell of No. 7 Squadron was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 31 July 1915, when he continued his reconnaissance mission over Belgium after the aircraft was hit by ground fire, the aircraft being badly damaged and Liddell suffering a broken thigh. Although he successfully recovered the R.E.5 to allied lines, saving his observer, he died of his wounds a month later.<ref name="Ashworth p41">Ashworth 1989, p. 41.</ref><ref name="Yoxall I p590-1">Yoxall Flight 18 May 1951, pp. 590–591.</ref>

The squadron re-equipped with the Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2 in 1916,<ref name="Ashworth p41"/> which it used for both bombing and reconnaissance during the Battle of the Somme that year.<ref name="Yoxall I p591-2">Yoxall Flight 18 May 1951, pp. 591–592.</ref> The B.E.2 was replaced by the Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8 in July 1917, continuing in the reconnaissance role for the rest of the war, operating in Ypres during the Battle of Passchendaele in the summer and autumn of 1917 and in support of Belgium forces in the closing months of the war. The squadron disbanded at the end of 1919.<ref name="Ashworth p41"/><ref name="Yoxall I p591">Yoxall Flight 18 May 1951, p. 591.</ref>

To Bomber Command (1923–1939)

No. 7 Squadron re-formed at RAF Bircham Newton on 1 June 1923 with the Vickers Vimy as a night heavy bomber squadron, continuing in this role with a succession of types through the inter-war period.<ref name="RAF Bomber 7">RAF History – Bomber Command 60th Anniversary: No. 7 Squadron Template:Webarchive Royal Air Force. 6 April 2005. Retrieved 17 December 2008.</ref> It started to receive the Vickers Virginia bomber on 22 May 1924, being the first RAF squadron to operate the Virginia,<ref name="ThetAMJun93 p34">Thetford Aeroplane Monthly June 1993, p. 34.</ref> although it did not dispose of the last of its Vimys until April 1927.<ref name="ThetAMDec92p32">Thetford Aeroplane Monthly December 1992, p. 32.</ref> In 1927, it moved to RAF Worthy Down, commanded by Charles Portal, later to become Chief of the Air Staff during the Second World War.<ref name="RAF Bomber 7"/> In 1932, Frederick Higginson, who became a fighter ace in the Second World War, was assigned as a mechanic-gunner to the squadron.<ref>"The Airmen's Stories – P/O F W Higginson" Template:Webarchive. The Battle of Britain London Monument. Retrieved 21 February 2011.</ref>

The squadron gained a reputation as being one of the leading RAF heavy bomber squadrons, winning the Lawrence Minot Memorial Bombing Trophy six times between 1927 and 1933 and shared in 1934 with No. 54 Squadron, achieving an average bombing error of 40 yards (37 m).<ref name="Yoxall I p592-3">Yoxall Flight 18 May 1951, pp. 592–593.</ref> By this time, the elderly Virginia was obsolete and in April 1935 they were replaced by the more modern Handley Page Heyford, with which the squadron won the Lawrence Minot trophy yet again in 1935. Part of the squadron was split off in October 1935 to form No. 102 Squadron, while the remainder moved to RAF Finningley in September 1936. In April 1937 the squadron received four Vickers Wellesleys to equip a flight which was again split off to form No. 76 Squadron.<ref name="RAF Bomber 7"/><ref name="Halleyp28-9">Halley 1980, pp. 28–29.</ref>

In March 1938, the squadron replaced its Heyford biplanes with monoplanes from Armstrong Whitworth Whitley . It re-equipped again in April 1939, with Handley Page Hampden bombers replacing the Whitleys. In June 1939, it became a training unit, preparing crews for the Hampden equipped No. 5 Group.<ref name="Halleyp28">Halley 1980, p. 28.</ref><ref name="Yoxall I p593">Yoxall Flight 18 May 1951, p. 593.</ref>

Second World War (1939–1945)

File:7 Squadron Stirling at RAF Oakington WWII IWM D 4752.jpg
No. 7 Squadron Short Stirling "S for Sugar" at RAF Oakington during the early 1940s

On the outbreak of the Second World War, it continued to be used for training bomber crews, disbanding on 4 April 1940 when it merged with No. 76 Squadron to form No. 16 Operational Training Unit.<ref name="Halleyp28"/> On 1 August 1940, it reformed, becoming the first squadron to equip with the new Short Stirling heavy bomber. It was the first RAF squadron to operate four engined bombers during the Second World War, flying the first bombing raids with the Stirling against oil storage tanks near Rotterdam on the night of 10-11 February 1941.<ref name="Ashworth p41"/><ref name="Bowyer Stirling p53-4">Bowyer 2002, pp. 53–54.</ref> The squadron flew on the thousand-bomber raids to Cologne, Essen and Bremen in May and June 1942.<ref name="RAF Bomber 7"/> It was transferred to the Pathfinder Force in August 1942, with the job of finding and marking targets for the Main Force of Bomber Command bombers.<ref name="Ashworth p41"/>

The squadron re-equipped with the Avro Lancaster from 11 May 1943,<ref name="Lewis p15">Lewis 1959, p. 15.</ref> flying its first mission with the Lancaster on 12 July 1943.<ref name="Yoxall II p622">Yoxall Flight 25 May 1951, p. 622.</ref> It continued in the Pathfinder role until the end of the war in Europe. It flew its last bomber mission on 25 April 1945 against Wangerooge off the northwestern coast of Germany, and dropped food to starving civilians in the Netherlands in May. It was planned to relocate No. 7 Squadron to the Far East to join Tiger Force for air attacks against Japan, however the war ended before the squadron was due to move.<ref name="Yoxall II p624">Yoxall 25 May 1951, p. 624.</ref> The squadron carried out 5,060 operational sorties with the loss of 165 aircraft.<ref name="falconer" />

Cold War (1945–1990s)

After the Second World War, the squadron was equipped with Avro Lincoln bombers, an update of the Lancaster. Based at RAF Upwood, the Lincoln was for several years the front line Cold War bomber aircraft. It was used in the Malayan emergency, the Middle East, the Trucial States (the Emirates) and then Aden. The squadron disbanded on 2 January 1956, before reforming with the Vickers Valiant at RAF Honington in Suffolk in December that year, flying in the strategic bomber role until disbanding in 1962.<ref name="Ashworth p41"/> No. 7 Squadron was reformed in 1970, this time as a target towing squadron flying the English Electric Canberra until January 1982.<ref name="Ashworth p41-2">Ashworth 1989, pp. 41–42.</ref>

The squadron reformed in the support helicopter role, receiving the Boeing Chinook HC1 in September 1982.<ref name="Ashworth p42">Ashworth 1989, p. 42.</ref> The Chinook HC2, equivalent to the US Army CH-47D standard, began to enter RAF service in 1993. Following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the squadron took part in Operation Granby, the UK's deployment to the Gulf in 1991.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

File:Chinook hc2 za682 arp.jpg
An RAF Chinook HC2 during 2008

On 2 June 1994, a No. 7 Squadron Chinook HC2 (ZD576) crashed into the Mull of Kintyre while carrying 25 senior members of the British security forces from RAF Aldergrove near Belfast to Inverness. All passengers and the four crew were killed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

21st century (2000–present)

In April 2001, No. 7 Squadron became part of the Joint Special Forces Aviation Wing, with a role to support the United Kingdom Special Forces.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On 19 August 2009, a Chinook made an emergency landing in Afghanistan after being hit by a rocket-propelled grenade.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In March 2020, the squadron was awarded the right to emblazon battle honours on its squadron standard, recognising its role in the British military intervention in Sierra Leone in 2000 and the War in Afghanistan between 2001 and 2014.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Aircraft operated

Template:More sources needed After being formed at Farnborough in 1914, and before moving to France in 1915, No. 7 Squadron operated a number of different types on an experimental basis, sometimes for very short periods of time.<ref name=rafweb7>Template:Cite web</ref> These types include;Template:Cn Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

Other minor types that were operated after this date, either briefly or only in lesser capacities include;Template:Cn

The main types of aircraft operated by No. 7 Squadron include:<ref name=rafweb7 /><ref name="RAF Bomber 7"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Heritage

No. 7 Squadron's badge features on a hurt, seven mullets of six points forming a representation of the constellation Ursa Major. It was approved by King George VI in June 1939.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The squadron's motto is Template:Language with name/for.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Battle honours

Template:More citations needed No. 7 Squadron has received the following battle honours. Those marked with an asterisk (*) may be emblazoned on the squadron standard.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Template:Div col 

Template:Div col end

See also

References

Notes

<references> <ref name="falconer">Falconer 2003, page 239</ref> </references>

Bibliography

Template:Refbegin

  • Ashworth, Chris. Encyclopedia of Modern Royal Air Force Squadrons. Wellingborough, UK:PSL, 1989. Template:ISBN.
  • Bowyer, Michael J.F. The Stirling Story. Manchester: Crécy Publishing, 2002. Template:ISBN.
  • Docherty, Tom. Bomber Squadron No.7, The World War 2 Record. Pen & Sword Aviation, 2007. Template:ISBN.
  • J Falconer, Bomber Command Handbook 1939–1945, 2003, Sutton Publishing, Stroud, England, Template:ISBN.
  • Halley, James J. The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians), 1980. Template:ISBN.
  • Halley, James J. The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1918–1988. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1988. Template:ISBN.
  • Jefford, Wing Commander C.G. RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing, 2001. Template:ISBN.
  • Lewis, Peter. Squadron Histories: R.F.C, R.N.A.S and R.A.F., 1912–59. London: Putnam, 1959.
  • Moyes, Philip J.R. Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Macdonald and Jane's (Publishers) Ltd., 1964 (new edition 1976). Template:ISBN.
  • Rawlings, John D.R. Coastal, Support and Special Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Jane's Publishing Company Ltd., 1982. Template:ISBN.
  • Thetford, Owen. "By Day and By Night: Part Seven: Vickers Vimy Service History". Aeroplane Monthly, December 1992. London:IPC. ISSN 0143-7240. pp. 30–38.
  • Thetford, Owen. "By Day and By Night: Ginnies in Service :Part 1". Aeroplane Monthly, June 1993. London:IPC. ISSN 0143-7240. pp. 32–39.
  • Ward, Chris. Royal Air Force Bomber Command Squadron Profiles no. 1: 7 Squadron (Per Diem Per Noctem). Published by the author, no ISBN.
  • West, Flt Lt R.J. Nothing Heard After Take-off: A Short History of No. 7 Squadron Royal Air Force, 1914–1974. St Mawgan, Newquay, Cornwall, UK: The Lithoprint Company, 1974.
  • Yoxall, John. "No. 7 Squadron: The History of a Famous Bomber Squadron: Part I".Flight, 18 May 1951. Vol LIX, No. 2208. pp. 589–593.
  • Yoxall, John "No. 7 Squadron: The History of a Famous Bomber Squadron: Part II". Flight, 25 May 1951. Vol. LIX, No. 2209. pp. 620–624.

Template:Refend

Further reading

Template:Refbegin

Template:Refend

Template:Commons category

Template:RAF squadrons Template:Royal Air Force Template:United Kingdom Special Forces

Retrieved from "https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=No._7_Squadron_RAF&oldid=604525"