North Karelia

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North Karelia (or Northern Karelia, Template:Langx; Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is a region in eastern Finland. It borders the regions of Kainuu, North Savo, South Savo and South Karelia, as well as Russia's Republic of Karelia. It is the easternmost region of Finland and shares a Template:Convert border with Russia.<ref name="north-karelia">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The city of Joensuu is the capital and the largest settlement of the region.

North Karelia has successfully reduced chronic diseases through public health measures.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> In the 1960s Finland led industrialized nations in heart disease mortality rates; North Karelia had Finland's highest incidence. In 1972 a long-term project was undertaken which targeted this risk in North Karelia.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The resulting improvement in public health is still considered remarkable, a model for the rest of the nation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> North Karelia is also known as the most sociable region in Finland.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Koli hill view.jpg
View from a hill in Koli National Park, the most famous tourist attraction in North Karelia

History

The borders of remote North Karelia were formed gradually. Important border foundations were the Treaty of Stolbovo (1617) for the eastern border and the Treaty of Teusina (1595) for the western border. The border was finally established in the Treaty of Nystad (1721), where North Karelia was separated from the "other Karelias" that remained on Russia's side.<ref name="pohjoiskarjala300vuotta">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Regional identity began to form gradually in the 18th century. In 1767, the häradshövding (judge) used the name Pohjois-Karjala (North Karelia). The residents also called themselves the men of the province and drew up their own regulations in Finnish for the border guard, showing their separateness. Administratively, North Karelia belonged to different counties in the 18th century, but it had its own "North Karelia county". This self-administration set it apart from other regions. The separation was further strengthened when North Karelia was formed into its own province in 1960. North Karelia became its own region in 1994. Instead, North Karelia province was abolished in 1997 and its functions were transferred to the Eastern Finland province.<ref name="pohjoiskarjala300vuotta"/>

Historical province

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Heraldry

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The coat of arms of North Karelia is composed of the arms of Karelia.

Municipalities

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The region of North Karelia consists of 13 municipalities, five of which have city status (marked in bold).

Municipalities on the map

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Sub-regions

Template:Columns-start Joensuu sub-region

Template:Column Central Karelia sub-region

Pielinen Karelia sub-region

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List of municipalities

File:Brunssimeiningit (9182756145).jpg
Karelian Pie
Coat of
arms
Municipality Population Land area
(km2)
Density
(/km2)
Finnish
speakers
Swedish
speakers
Other
speakers
Coat of arms of Heinävesi Heinävesi Template:Data Finland municipality {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipalityround 0}} {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipality/Template:Data Finland municipality round 0}} {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 1 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} %
coat of arms of Ilomantsi Ilomantsi Template:Data Finland municipality {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipalityround 0}} {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipality/Template:Data Finland municipality round 0}} {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 1 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} %
Coat of arms of Joensuu Joensuu Template:Data Finland municipality {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipalityround 0}} {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipality/Template:Data Finland municipality round 0}} {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 1 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} %
Coat of arms of Juuka Juuka Template:Data Finland municipality {{#expr:Template:Data Finland municipalityround 0}} {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipality/Template:Data Finland municipalityround 0}} {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 1 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} %
coat of arms of Kitee Kitee Template:Data Finland municipality {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipalityround 0}} {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipality/Template:Data Finland municipality round 0}} {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 1 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} %
Coat of arms of Kontiolahti Kontiolahti Template:Data Finland municipality {{#expr:Template:Data Finland municipalityround 0}} {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipality/Template:Data Finland municipalityround 0}} {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 1 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} %
Coat of arms of Lieksa Lieksa Template:Data Finland municipality {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipalityround 0}} {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipality/Template:Data Finland municipality round 0}} {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 1 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} %
Coat of arms of Liperi Liperi Template:Data Finland municipality {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipalityround 0}} {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipality/Template:Data Finland municipality round 0}} {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 1 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} %
Coat of arms of Nurmes Nurmes Template:Data Finland municipality {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipalityround 0}} {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipality/Template:Data Finland municipality round 0}} {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 1 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} %
coat of arms of Outokumpu Outokumpu Template:Data Finland municipality {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipalityround 0}} {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipality/Template:Data Finland municipality round 0}} {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 1 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} %
Coat of arms of Polvijärvi Polvijärvi Template:Data Finland municipality {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipalityround 0}} {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipality/Template:Data Finland municipality round 0}} {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 1 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} %
Coat of arms of Rääkkylä Rääkkylä Template:Data Finland municipality {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipalityround 0}} {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipality/Template:Data Finland municipality round 0}} {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 1 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} %
Coat of arms of Tohmajärvi Tohmajärvi Template:Data Finland municipality {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipalityround 0}} {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipality/Template:Data Finland municipality round 0}} {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 1 }} % {{#expr:(Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other/Template:Data Finland municipality*100)round 0 }} %
Total {{#expr: (Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality) }} {{#expr: (Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality)round 0}} {{#expr: (Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality) / (Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality) round 0}} {{#expr: (Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish) / (Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality)*100 round 0}} % {{#expr: (Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish) / (Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality)*100 round 1}} % {{#expr: (Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other+Template:Data Finland municipality/native language other) / (Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality+Template:Data Finland municipality)*100 round 0}} %

Education

Institutions of higher education in North Karelia include:

Politics

Results of the 2019 Finnish parliamentary election in North Karelia:

The song "Pohjois-Karjala" ("North Karelia") by the Finnish pop rock band Leevi and the Leavings tells the story of an urban man who dreams of returning to his native region of North Karelia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It has become such a big hit in North Karelia that it is almost perceived as a regional song.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref>

References

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