North Karelia
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North Karelia (or Northern Karelia, Template:Langx; Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is a region in eastern Finland. It borders the regions of Kainuu, North Savo, South Savo and South Karelia, as well as Russia's Republic of Karelia. It is the easternmost region of Finland and shares a Template:Convert border with Russia.<ref name="north-karelia">Template:Cite web</ref> The city of Joensuu is the capital and the largest settlement of the region.
North Karelia has successfully reduced chronic diseases through public health measures.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> In the 1960s Finland led industrialized nations in heart disease mortality rates; North Karelia had Finland's highest incidence. In 1972 a long-term project was undertaken which targeted this risk in North Karelia.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The resulting improvement in public health is still considered remarkable, a model for the rest of the nation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> North Karelia is also known as the most sociable region in Finland.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
History
The borders of remote North Karelia were formed gradually. Important border foundations were the Treaty of Stolbovo (1617) for the eastern border and the Treaty of Teusina (1595) for the western border. The border was finally established in the Treaty of Nystad (1721), where North Karelia was separated from the "other Karelias" that remained on Russia's side.<ref name="pohjoiskarjala300vuotta">Template:Cite web</ref>
Regional identity began to form gradually in the 18th century. In 1767, the häradshövding (judge) used the name Pohjois-Karjala (North Karelia). The residents also called themselves the men of the province and drew up their own regulations in Finnish for the border guard, showing their separateness. Administratively, North Karelia belonged to different counties in the 18th century, but it had its own "North Karelia county". This self-administration set it apart from other regions. The separation was further strengthened when North Karelia was formed into its own province in 1960. North Karelia became its own region in 1994. Instead, North Karelia province was abolished in 1997 and its functions were transferred to the Eastern Finland province.<ref name="pohjoiskarjala300vuotta"/>
Historical province
Heraldry
Template:Main The coat of arms of North Karelia is composed of the arms of Karelia.
Municipalities
Template:Main The region of North Karelia consists of 13 municipalities, five of which have city status (marked in bold). Template:Clear
Municipalities on the map
Sub-regions
Template:Columns-start Joensuu sub-region
- File:Heinävesi.vaakuna.svg Heinävesi
- File:Ilomantsi.vaakuna.svg Ilomantsi (Ilomants)
- File:Joensuu.vaakuna.svg Joensuu
- File:Juuka.vaakuna.svg Juuka (Juga)
- File:Kontiolahti.vaakuna.svg Kontiolahti (Kontiolax)
- File:Liperi.vaakuna.svg Liperi (Libelits)
- File:Outokumpu.vaakuna.svg Outokumpu
- File:Polvijärvi.vaakuna.svg Polvijärvi
Template:Column Central Karelia sub-region
- File:Kitee.vaakuna.svg Kitee (Kides)
- File:Rääkkylä.vaakuna.svg Rääkkylä
- File:Tohmajärvi.vaakuna.svg Tohmajärvi
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List of municipalities
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Education
Institutions of higher education in North Karelia include:
- University of Eastern Finland
- North Karelia University of Applied Sciences
- Riveria Vocational Education and Training
Politics
Results of the 2019 Finnish parliamentary election in North Karelia:
- Centre Party 24.46%
- Social Democratic Party 21.41%
- Finns Party 18.83%
- Green League 9.93%
- National Coalition Party 9.01%
- Christian Democrats 6.68%
- Left Alliance 5.26%
- Blue Reform 2.24%
- Movement Now 0.96%
- Seven Star Movement 0.21%
- Other parties 1.01%
In popular culture
The song "Pohjois-Karjala" ("North Karelia") by the Finnish pop rock band Leevi and the Leavings tells the story of an urban man who dreams of returning to his native region of North Karelia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It has become such a big hit in North Karelia that it is almost perceived as a regional song.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref>