North Khorasan province

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:For Template:More citations needed Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox settlement

North Khorasan province (Template:Langx)Template:Efn is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country. Its capital is the city of Bojnord.<ref name="Khorasan Province Structure">Template:Cite report</ref>

North Khorasan is one of the three provinces that were created after the division of Khorasan in 2004. Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three provinces on 29 September 2004. The provinces approved by the parliament of Iran (on 18 May 2004) and the Council of Guardians (on 29 May 2004) were Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan, and South Khorasan. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

History

Greater Khorasan has witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties and governments in its territory throughout history. Various tribes of Persians, Arabs, Turks, Kurds and Turkmens have brought change to the region time and time again.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Ancient geographers of Iran divided Iran into eight segments, of which the largestTemplate:Citation needed was the territory of Greater Khorasan. Esfarayen, among other cities of the province, was one of the focal points for settlement by Aryan tribes entering Iran.

The Parthian empire was based near Merv in Khorasan for many years. In Parthian times, Esfarayen was one of the important villages of Nishapur.Template:Cn

During the Sasanian era, the province was governed by a Spahbod (Lieutenant General) called "Padgoosban" and four margraves, each commander of one of the four parts of the province.

In the year 651, the army of Islamic Arabs invaded Khorasan. The territory remained in the hands of the Abbasid clan until 820, followed by the rule of the Iranian Taherid clan in the year 896 and the Samanid dynasty in 900. Khorasan was divided into four parts during the Muslim conquest of Persia, each section being named after the four largest cities; Nishapur, Merv, Herat, and Balkh.

Mahmud of Ghazni conquered Khorasan in 994 and in the year 1037 Tuğrul Beg, the first of the Seljuq empire rulers, conquered Nishapur.

Mahmud Qaznavi retaliated against the invaders several times, and finally, the Qaznavi Turks defeated Sultan Sanjar. But there was more to come, as in 1157 Khorasan was conquered by the Khwarazmids. In 1220 was annexed by the Mongols of Genghis Khan. When in 1226 the great conqueror finally died, Khorasan was inherited by his son Tolui and then by Tolui's son Hulegu, the first emperor of the Mongolic Ilkhanate of Persia.Template:Cn

In the 14th century, a flag of independence was hoisted by the Sarbedaran movement in Sabzevar, and in 1368, Khorasan came into the hands of Tamerlane.

In 1507, Khorasan was occupied by Uzbek tribes. After the death of Nader Shah in 1747, it was occupied by the Afghans.

In 1824, Herat became independent for several years when the Afghan Empire was split between the Durranis and Barakzais. The Persians sieged the city in 1837, but the British assisted the Afghans in repelling them. In 1856, the Persians launched another invasion, and briefly managed to recapture the city; it led directly to the Anglo-Persian War. In 1857 hostilities between the Persians and the British ended after the Treaty of Paris was signed, and the Persian troops withdrew from Herat.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Afghanistan reconquered Herat in 1863 under Dost Muhammad Khan, two weeks before his death.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Demographics

Language and ethnicity

North Khorasan province is one of the most diverse territories in Iran today, largely reflecting the ethnic make-up of Iran. Most people in North Khorasan are Shia Muslims, who are often Khorasani Kurds, Persians, Khorasani Turks and so on, although there is also a small minority of Sunnis who generally are Turkmen.<ref>Surveying and measurement plan of indicators of public culture of the country: North Khorasan Province, publication 2012 (National Bibliography Number: 2879739) Retrieved 10 December 2017</ref><ref>Shia and Sunni people of North Khorasan Province showed their empathy and sympathy to the world Retrieved 10 December 2017</ref> There used to be a sizeable population of Lurs inhabiting this province, however, most returned to their native area in western Iran as there are no signs of them in the province today.<ref> The ethnic groups in Northern Khorasan, "[1]", accessed in March 2014.</ref>

Previously, there was a sizable community of Arabs who settled in the area during the Arab invasion of Iran. However, by 1875 they had intermarried so extensively with Persians and Turks that they were indistinguishable, having largely abandoned the Arab language and culture in favour of the local one.<ref> "C. M. MacGregor, Narrative of a Journey through the Province of Khorassan, London, 1879, p. 141 [2]", accessed in March 2014.</ref>

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 791,930 in 198,626 households.<ref name="2006 North Khorasan Province">Template:Cite report</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 867,727 people in 240,885 households.<ref name="2011 North Khorasan Province">Template:Cite report</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 863,092 in 254,747 households.<ref name="2016 North Khorasan Province">Template:Cite report</ref>

Administrative divisions

File:North Khorasan.svg

The population history and structural changes of North Khorasan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

North Khorasan Province
Counties 2006<ref name="2006 North Khorasan Province"/> 2011<ref name="2011 North Khorasan Province"/> 2016<ref name="2016 North Khorasan Province"/>
Bam and SafiabadTemplate:Efn — — —
Bojnord 322,309 365,896 324,083
Esfarayen 119,152 127,012 120,513
Faruj 48,743 52,364 49,271
GarmehTemplate:Efn — 24,599 25,475
Jajarm 57,349 36,898 36,673
ManehTemplate:Efn — — —
Raz and JargalanTemplate:Efn — — 59,210
SamalqanTemplate:Efn 91,884 103,944 101,727
Shirvan 152,493 157,014 146,140
Total 791,930 867,727 863,092

Cities

According to the 2016 census, 484,346 people (over 56% of the population of North Khorasan province) live in the following cities:<ref name="2016 North Khorasan Province"/>

City Population
Ashkhaneh 25,104
Ava 3,993
Bojnord 228,931
Chenaranshahr 3,380
Daraq 4,926
Eivar 3,994
Esfarayen 59,490
Faruj 12,061
Garmeh 10,933
Hesar-e Garmkhan 1,499
Jajarm 19,580
Lujali 1,481
Pish Qaleh 2,001
Qazi 2,428
Qushkhaneh 996
Raz 5,029
Safiabad 3,427
Sankhvast 2,077
Shirvan 82,689
Shoqan 2,313
Titkanlu 3,835
Ziarat 4,179

Attractions

File:Jalaleddin.jpg
Jalalal-din castle in Jajarm

This province contains many historical and natural attractions, such as mineral water springs, small lakes, recreational areas, caves, and protected regions, and various hiking areas. Most of the historical relics are from the Qajar era, as earthquakes continue to ravage older relics.Template:Cn

The Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran lists 1,179 sites of historical and cultural significance in all three provinces of Khorasan.

Some of the popular attractions of North Khorasan are:

Colleges and universities

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Authority control Template:Geographic location

{{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}} Template:North Khorasan Province

Retrieved from "https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=North_Khorasan_province&oldid=737228"