Nova Roma
Template:Short description Template:For {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}}Template:Infobox organization Nova Roma (Template:Langx) is an international<ref>Palacios, Juan José: "Corporate citizenship and social responsibility in a globalized world". Citizenship Studies 8(4):383-402. Routledge, 2004</ref><ref>Danese, Roberto/Bacianini, Andrea/Torino, Alessio: Weni, widi, wici: tra 'volumen" e byte.
p. 133. Guaraldi, 2003"</ref> Roman reconstructionist, cultural revivalist, and educational nonprofit organization formed in 1998, later incorporated in Maine.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Nova Roma is dedicated to promoting "the restoration of classical Roman religion, culture, and virtues" and "shared Roman ideals".<ref name="Dixon, Suzanne page 64">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Trinkle, A./Merriman, 464">Trinkle, D. A./Merriman, S. A: The history highway: a 21st century guide to Internet resources, p. 464. M.E. Sharpe, 2006</ref>
Notable for providing extensive resources about Roman culture, Latin, ancient Roman costuming and reenactment,<ref name="Trinkle, A./Merriman, 464" /><ref>Burgan, Michael: Empire of Ancient Rome, p. 122. Infobase Publishing, 2004</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Nova Roma aims to be more than a community of reenactors or history study group. Based on the reconstructed Roman ceremonies and spiritual aspects of the activities of Nova Roma, Strimska,<ref>Strmiska, Michael: Modern Paganism in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives, p. 335-336. ABC-CLIO, 2005</ref> Davy,<ref name="Davy, Barbara Jane page 156, 163, 233"/> Adler,<ref name="Adler, Margot page 549"/> Gallagher-Ashcraft,<ref>Eugene V. Gallagher, W. Michael Ashcraft: Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America: Metaphysical, New Age, and neopagan movements. p. 220. Greenwood Press, 2006</ref> and Chryssides<ref>George D. Chryssides, Historical Dictionary of New Religious Movements (2011, 2nd ed.)</ref> have noted its importance to Roman reconstructionism. Because it has a structure based on the ancient Roman Republic,<ref>Auffarth, Chr./Bernard, J./Mohr, H.: Metzler Lexikon Religion: Gegenwart - Alltag - Medien, pp. 211-12. Metzler, 2002</ref> with a senate, magistrates, laws enacted by vote of the comitia,<ref>Danese, Roberto/Bacianini, Andrea/Torino, Alessio: Weni, widi, wici: tra 'volumen" e byte.
p. 134. Guaraldi, 2003"</ref> its own coinage,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="American Numismatic Association page 19">American Numismatic Association: The Numismatist, page 19. American Numismatic Association, 2003</ref> and its self-identity as a "sovereign nation", some outside observers<ref name="Dixon, Suzanne page 64"/><ref name="American Numismatic Association page 19"/><ref>Caporaso, Giovanni: Cambiare Identitá.: É possibile, ecco le Prove, Offshore World Inc., 2006</ref><ref>Vobruba, Georg: Grenzsoziologie: die politische Strukturierung des Raumes, p. 210. VS Verlag, 2006</ref> classify it as a micronation.
Revival of Roman identity and traditions
The most important goal of Nova Roma is to provide a living community for Roman reenactors, scholars and fans of ancient Rome, and to all varieties of people who self-identify as Romans in the present day modern world, and to revive those traditions through which an authentic Roman identity can be experienced and expressed.<ref>Gallagher, E. V./Willsky-Ciollo, L.: A Day in a Working Life: 300 Trades and Professions Through History, pp. 332-333. ABC-CLIO, 2015</ref> Since one of the most authentic and traditional forms of cultural self-expression for Romans was the celebration of various festivals, rites and ceremonies, Nova Roma has adopted<ref name="Adler, Margot page 549">Adler, Margot: Drawing down the moon: witches, Druids, goddess-worshipers, and other pagans in America, p. 549. Penguin Books, 2006</ref><ref>McColman, Carl: The Complete Idiot's Guide to Paganism, pages 71 and 347. Alpha Books, 2002</ref> the ancient Roman religion as its "state religion", while also guaranteeing the freedom of religion of its citizens. The British scholar Michael York noted that the traditional Roman way of thinking, Roman philosophy, provides the moral code for Nova Romans.<ref>York, Michael: Pagan Ethics: Paganism as a World Religion, p. 396. Springer, 2015</ref>
Both the domestic traditions and the so-called Template:Lang are reconstructed by Nova Roma as authentically as possible,<ref>Gallagher, E. V./Willsky-Ciollo, L.: New Religions: Emerging Faiths and Religious Cultures in the Modern World, p. 430. ABC-CLIO, 2021</ref><ref name="Davy, Barbara Jane page 156, 163, 233">Davy, Barbara Jane: Introduction to Pagan Studies, pp. 156, 163, 233. Rowman Altamira, 2007</ref> including the restoration<ref>Strmiska, Michael: Modern Paganism in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives, p. 335. ABC-CLIO, 2005</ref> of the ancient priestly collegia, like the offices of pontifex and flamen,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the honoring of the full cycle of Roman holidays throughout the year.<ref>Joyce Higginbotham, River Higginbotham: ChristoPaganism: An Inclusive Path, p. 230. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2009</ref> According to the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance, at the time of Christmas, Nova Romans celebrate the Roman holiday Saturnalia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2006, Margot Adler noted the organization's plan to restore a Magna Mater shrine in Rome.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Live events, conventions and reenactments
Nova Roma holds its own local and international conventions and regularly participates with its affiliated reenactment groups<ref>Vescia, Monique: Battle Reenactments, p. 38. The Rosen Publishing Group, 2015</ref> in such history festivals and public events as the Festival of Ancient Heritage<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in Svishtov, Bulgaria, the Roman Market Day<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in Wells, Maine's Harbor Park, and Forum Fulvii in Italy, Ludi Savarienses Historical Carnival, the Aquincum Floralia Spring Festival<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in Budapest, Hungary, or the Template:Lang Template:Gloss in Rome, Italy,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> where Nova Roma celebrated its twentieth anniversary.
Cultural competitions and games
Among the cultural activities of Nova Roma, competitions and games associated with various Roman festivals have an important place. They can include a wide range of various programs from humorous online games up to serious art-competitions like the Certamen Petronianum,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> a literary contest of historical novel writing first held in 2005, where the jury was composed of notables including Colleen McCullough, author of many Roman-themed best-selling novels, and T. P. Wiseman, university professor of Roman history and former vice-president of the British Academy, or the second edition of the same competition, where the jury was Jo Walton, World Fantasy Award-winning novelist and poet.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Coinage and sponsorship of Roman cultural projects
Nova Roma has minted two coins with the denomination of sestertius, one in bronze, issued in 2000, and another in brass, dating from 2005. Each bears the letters SPQR and has a diameter of 32 mm, a thickness of 1.8 mm. These sesterces are convertible into 50 US cents,<ref>Sestertius Signum, novaroma.org, accessed 13 December 2021</ref> if sent back to the treasury of the organization, thus they can be used in place of real currency between members of the community.
Regarding the monetary policies of Nova Roma, as a nonprofit organization, its treasury is dedicated to sponsor various Roman cultural projects, including experimental archaeology initiatives, reenactment events, or building Roman temple reconstructions, altars or other reconstructed accessories or any items from the ancient Roman period.
Global chapters and subsidiaries
The international governance of Nova Roma permits<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the Nova Roman communities of each country to create their national subdivision of Nova Roma, called provincia, and to form their own not-for-profit or incorporated organizations, established under the respective legislation of their local country.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> This enables better local recognition and management, as well as provides the means for legal and insurance coverage, such as that offered by the Australasian Living History Federation (ALHF).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Historical contexts
Revival of things Roman and their co-option for symbolic importance have a long history. Template:Langnf in its deliberate revival of grandiose remnants of the past thus parallels and echoes other New Romes such as:
- the Byzantine or Eastern Roman Empire as a surviving embodiment of Roman ideals based on Constantinople (sometimes characterized as "New Rome" or the "Second Rome") after the decline of the Roman imperium in the West.<ref>For example:
Template:Cite book</ref>
- the doctrine of the Third Rome as justification for imperial Muscovite and Russian ambitions from the 15th century onwards.<ref>
Note for example Template:Cite book </ref>
- Mussolini's attempted construction of a Mediterranean-based New Roman Empire (compare Imperial Italy) in the early 20th century.<ref>
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See also
Notes
References
- American Religious Identification Survey," by The Graduate Center of the City University of New York Template:Webarchive (pdf)
- Adler, Margot. 2006. Drawing down the Moon, Penguin Books. Template:ISBN
- Caporaso, Giovanni. 2006. Cambiare Identitá.: É possibile, ecco le Prove, Offshore World Inc.. Template:ISBN
- Danese, Roberto/Bacianini, Andrea/Torino, Alessio. 2003. Weni, widi, wici: tra 'volumen" e byte, Guaraldi. Template:ISBN
- Davy, Barbara Jane. 2006. Introduction to Pagan Studies, Rowman Altamira. Template:ISBN
- Dennis A. Trinkle, Scott A. Merriman. M.E. Sharpe, 2002. US history highway, Volume 1. Template:ISBN
- Dennis A. Trinkle, Scott A. Merriman. M.E. Sharpe, 2006. The history highway: a 21st-century guide to Internet resources. Template:ISBN
- Dixon, Suzanne. 2007. Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi, Routledge. Template:ISBN
- Gallagher, E. V./Willsky-Ciollo, L. 2015. A Day in a Working Life: 300 Trades and Professions Through History, ABC-CLIO. Template:ISBN
- Higginbotham, J./Higginbotham, 2009. ChristoPaganism: An Inclusive Path, Llewellyn Worldwide. Template:ISBN
- McColman, Carl. 2002. The Complete Idiot's Guide (R) to Paganism, Alpha Books. Template:ISBN
- Strmiska, Michael. 2005. Modern Paganism in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives, ABC-CLIO. Template:ISBN
- York, Michael. 2015. Pagan Ethics: Paganism as a World Religion, Springer. Template:ISBN