Olga Korbut

Olga Valentinovna KorbutTemplate:Efn (born 16 May 1955) is a Belarusian retired gymnast who competed for the Soviet Union. Nicknamed the "Sparrow from Minsk," she won four gold medals and two silver medals at the Summer Olympic Games, in which she competed in 1972 and 1976 for the Soviet team,<ref name=sr>Template:Cite Sports-Reference</ref> and was the inaugural inductee to the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 1988.

Korbut retired from gymnastics in 1977 at the age of 22, considered young for gymnasts of the period,<ref name=guardian>Template:Cite web</ref> but her influence and legacy in gymnastics were far-reaching.<ref name=McCarthy2012 /> Korbut's 1972 Olympic performances are widely credited as redefining gymnastics, changing the sport from emphasising ballet and elegance to acrobatics, as well as changing gymnastics from a niche sport to one of the most popular sports in the world.<ref name=guardian /><ref name="Artisty"/> She emigrated to the United States in 1991, where she now lives and trains gymnasts. She became a citizen in 2000.

Early life

Korbut was born in Grodno to Valentin and Valentina Korbut. After World War II, the family moved to Grodno from Dubniaki<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (a small town near Kalinkavichy). She started training at age 8, and entered a Belarusian sports school headed by coach Renald Knysh at age 9. There, Korbut's first trainer was Elena Volchetskaya, an Olympic gold medalist (1964),<ref name=guardian/> but she was moved to Knysh's group a year later. Initially he found her "lazy and capricious" but he also saw potential in her great talent, unusually supple spine, and charisma.<ref name="guardian"/> With him, she learned a difficult backward somersault on the balance beam. She debuted this at a competition in the USSR in 1969. The same year, Korbut completed a backflip-to-catch on the uneven bars; this was the first backward release move ever performed by a woman on bars.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

She finished fifth at her first competition in the 1969 USSR championships, where she was allowed to compete as a 14-year-old.<ref name=guardian/> The next year, she won a gold medal in the vault. Due to illness and injury, she was unable to compete in many of the competitions before the 1972 Summer Olympics.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Olympics

File:Olga Korbut on a Stamp of Azerbaijan 386.jpg

Olga Korbut at the 1972 Olympics on an Azerbaijani stamp

At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Korbut's acrobatics and open high-level gymnastics brought her much fame. During the Olympics, Korbut was one of the favorites for the all-around after her dynamic performance in the team competition, however she missed her mount on bars three times and the title went to teammate Ludmilla Tourischeva. That said, Korbut won three gold medals for the balance beam, floor exercise, and team competitions. In one of the most controversial finishes of all time, she took a silver medal in the uneven bars. Korbut's first attempt at her uneven bars routine was marred by several mistakes which all but ended her chances of winning a gold medal in the all-around. The next day, Korbut repeated the same routine in the event finals, although this time successfully. After the boards displayed a score of 9.8, the audience began to whistle and shout vulgar remarks at the judges in disapproval, believing her score to be too low. This carried on for several minutes but the judges refused to change their score.<ref name="guardian"/>

Template:Quote box Korbut is most famous for her uneven bars and balance beam routines, as well as her charismatic performances that captivated audiences.<ref name=McCarthy2012>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1973, she won the Russian and World Student (i.e., University) Games, and a silver medal in the all-around at the European Championships.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Soviet coaches and officials had designated Korbut as the woman who could beat the Romanian prodigy, Nadia Comăneci, but Korbut was injured and her performances in the games were sub-par. She was overshadowed not only by Comăneci, but also by her own teammate Nellie Kim.<ref name=guardian/> She did collect a team gold medal, and an individual silver medal for the balance beam.<ref name="CNN"/>

Retirement and life after the Olympics

Korbut graduated from the Grodno Pedagogical Institute in 1977, became a teacher,<ref name="guardian"/> and retired from gymnastic competition. She married Leonid Bortkevich, a member of Belarusian folk band Pesniary. The couple had a son, Richard, born in 1979. In 1988, Korbut became the first gymnast inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1991, she and her family immigrated to the United States, prompted by concerns about the aftereffects of the Chernobyl disaster on Belarus. They settled in New Jersey, where she taught gymnastics.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Two years later, the family moved to the U.S. state of Georgia, where she continued to coach. Korbut and Bortkevich divorced in 2000,<ref name="CNN" /> the same year she became a naturalized U.S. citizen.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Ольга КОРБУТ: "Хотя я имею американское гражданство, душа у меня все равно осталась белорусской». novosti24.by (27 November 2012)</ref> In 2002, she moved to Scottsdale, Arizona, to become head coach at Scottsdale Gymnastics and Cheerleading.<ref>Template:Usurped. Olgakorbut.com (31 April 2012). Retrieved on 18 July 2020.</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Korbut was also featured on an episode of Celebrity Boxing, which aired on May 22, 2002, with her opponent, Darva Conger, winning by unanimous decision.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Since then, Korbut has worked with private gymnastics students and done motivational speaking.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

During the 2012 Summer Olympics, in London, Korbut appeared on Twitter and Facebook, providing live, on-site commentary on the gymnastics competitions in the North Greenwich Arena.<ref name="McCarthy2012" /> During the games, the Royal Opera House hosted an exhibition created in collaboration with the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland, entitled The Olympic Journey, The Story of the Games.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Along with historical artifacts, the show featured the personal narratives of 16 Olympic medalists, including Korbut. Her appearance at the exhibition on August 3 of that year marked the 40th anniversary of her Olympic victories.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> "I didn't even expect this," she said. "I am so honored to be here."<ref>Template:Cite interview</ref>

In 2017, Korbut sold her 1972 and 1976 Olympic medals, among 32 lots (including two golds and a silver from the Munich Olympics), which fetched $333,500 at Heritage Auctions.<ref>Archived at GhostarchiveTemplate:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineTemplate:Cbignore: Template:CitationTemplate:Cbignore</ref><ref>Советская гимнастка Корбут продала олимпийские медали с аукциона на общую сумму $230 тыс. Template:Webarchive tass.ru (27 February 2017)</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1999, she spoke out about the sexual assault and rape she had suffered at the hands of her coach, Renald Knysh, which he denied. "The truth was that many of the gymnasts were not just sport machines, but sexual slaves to the trainer," Korbut stated. "We were not just potential gymnasts, but future concubines for himself." Later, in 2018, Korbut appeared on a TV show, in which she again spoke out about several incidents of sexual assault by her coach. As a result of her speaking out publicly, several other gymnasts, who had also trained under Knysh, came forward to reveal their own similar experiences of sexual assault.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2021, Korbut was named by Carnegie Corporation of New York as an honoree of the Great Immigrants Award.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Legacy

File:Madame Tussauds London 00813 Nevit.jpg

A wax figure of Korbut at Madame Tussauds in London

Korbut, who has won four Olympic gold medals, is best known for her move, the Korbut flip, a backflip performed on the uneven parallel bars, starting from a standing position on the high bar and then catching the same bar from below on the under swing. She also achieved the flip on the 4" balance bar onto the straddle position and later the flip landing on her feet. Named after Korbut since she was the first to perform the skill at an international competition in 1972, the move has since been made illegal in the Olympic Code of Points.<ref name="CNN"/>

After the 1972 Olympic competition, she also met United States President Richard Nixon at the White House. About the meeting, Korbut said: "He told me that my performance in Munich did more for reducing the political tension during the Cold War between our two countries than the embassies were able to do in five years."<ref name=Cousineau>Template:Cite book</ref> In addition to greatly publicizing gymnastics worldwide, she also contributed to a marked change in the tenor of the sport itself. Prior to 1972, the athletes were generally older and the focus was on elegance rather than acrobatics.<ref name="CNN">Template:Cite web</ref> In the decade after Korbut's Olympic debut, the emphasis was reversed.<ref name=guardian/> Korbut, in her 1972, gold-medal Olympics, at Template:Height and Template:Convert, exemplified the deliberate and purposeful trend toward smaller women in the sport.<ref name=howell>Template:Cite book</ref>

Her 1972 Olympic achievement earned her the BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year and ABC's Wide World of Sports title of Athlete of the Year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In a UK poll conducted by Channel 4 in 2002 the public voted "Olga Korbut charms the world" No.46 in the list of the 100 Greatest Sporting Moments.<ref name="Channel4 Greatest">Template:Cite web</ref>

With her display of artistry and grace, Korbut, along with Nadia Comăneci, brought unprecedented popularity to the sport in the early to mid-1970s,<ref name="Artisty"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> attributes which are now seen as a lost art in gymnastics with athleticism taking precedence.<ref name="Artisty">Template:Cite news</ref>

Eponymous skills

Korbut has one eponymous vault listed in the Code of Points. She also performed the Korbut flip on both the uneven bars and the balance beam. The uneven bars version was removed from the Code of Points after standing on top of the high bar was banned.<ref name="CNN" /> The balance beam version is not officially listed under her name due to the low difficulty value.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Apparatus	Name	Description	DifficultyTemplate:Efn
Vault	Korbut	Handspring forward with 1/1 turn (360°) on – 1/1 turn (360°) off	3.6

In popular culture

In a Peanuts comic strip published on 15 May 1973, the character Snoopy is seen doing balance beam positions with flawless precision on top of his doghouse for three panels until coming to a rest in the fourth one saying: "Olga Korbut has been bugging me for lessons!"<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In X-Men #99 (June 1976), Nightcrawler makes a slight reference to Korbut's gymnastic skills in comparison to his own, and Colossus, a fellow Soviet, admonishes him for it.<ref>X-Men #99 (June 1976), Marvel Comics</ref>

Competitive history

Year	Event	Team	AA	VT	UB	BB	FX
Junior
1967	Junior USSR Championships			Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1
Senior
1969	Junior Friendship Tournament	Template:Gold1		Template:Gold1		Template:Gold1	4
	USSR Championships		5
1970	Chunichi Cup		Template:Silver2
	Junior Friendship Tournament	Template:Gold1	Template:Bronze3	Template:Silver2	4	Template:Bronze3
	Tokyo Cup			Template:Silver2	Template:Bronze3	Template:Silver2	Template:Gold1
	USSR Championships		15	Template:Gold1	Template:Silver2
1971	Chunichi Cup		Template:Bronze3
	GDR-USSR Dual Meet	Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1		Template:Gold1
	JPN-USSR Dual Meet	Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1
	USSR Championships		4			Template:Silver2
1972	Riga International		Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1
	USSR-FRG-CAN Tri-Meet	Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1
	USSR-TCH Dual Meet	Template:Gold1	Template:Silver2	Template:Silver2		Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1
	USSR Championships		Template:Bronze3	7	Template:Silver2	Template:Silver2
	USSR Cup		Template:Gold1
	Olympic Games	Template:Gold1	7	5	Template:Silver2	Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1
1973
	European Championships		Template:Silver2
	Summer Universiade	Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1	Template:Bronze3	Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1
1974	USSR Championships		Template:Silver2	Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1
	USSR Cup		4
	World Championships	Template:Gold1	Template:Silver2	Template:Gold1	Template:Silver2	Template:Silver2	Template:Silver2
1975	USSR Championships		Template:Gold1	Template:Silver2	6	Template:Silver2	6
	USSR Spartikade	Template:Gold1	Template:Gold1
1976	Cup of the White Russian Republic		Template:Gold1
	USSR Cup		Template:Bronze3	Template:Silver2	Template:Gold1
	Olympic Games	Template:Gold1	5		5	Template:Silver2

<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

• List of people from Belarus
• List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games
• List of top Olympic gymnastics medalists
• List of Olympic female gymnasts for the Soviet Union

Further reading

• Template:Cite book

External links

• Template:FIG
• Template:IGHOF
• Template:Olympics.com
• Template:Olympedia
• Template:NOC Belarus
• Template:Webarchive
• Incredible Performance From Olga Korbut 'Darling Of Munich' – Munich 1972 Olympics – The Olympic Channel
• Gymnast Olga Korbut charms the World – Faster, Higher, Stronger – BBC Two – BBC