Oommen Chandy
Template:Short description Template:Indian patronymic Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Indian English Template:Infobox officeholder
Oommen Chandy (31 October 1942 – 18 July 2023) was an Indian lawyer and statesman who served as the 10th chief minister of Kerala, serving from 2004 to 2006 and 2011 to 2016. He served also as the leader of the opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 2006 to 2011.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
He represented Puthuppally constituency as a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in the State Assembly from 1970 until his death in 2023, making him the longest-serving member of the Kerala Legislature Assembly.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He received an award for public service from the United Nations in 2013.<ref name="cm">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="ndtv.com">Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2018, he was appointed the general secretary of the All India Congress Committee, in charge of the state of Andhra Pradesh.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was also a Congress Working Committee member at the time of his death.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Early life and education
Oommen Chandy was born on 31 October 1943 in Kumarakom, Kottayam district, as the son of Baby and K. O. Chandy, of Karottu Vallakkalil house.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref>
He was named after his paternal grandfather, V. J. Oommen (Vallakkalil), a member of the Travancore Legislative Council.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Oommen ventured into the political arena as an activist of Kerala's largest student organization Kerala Students Union, the student wing of the Indian National Congress.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was the unit president of the KSU at St. George High School, Puthupally, and went on to become the state president of the organization.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Oommen completed his pre-university course from CMS College, Kottayam and received a B.A. in economics from St. Berchmans College, Changanassery.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Later, he earned a bachelor's degree in law (LL.B) from the Government Law College, Ernakulam.<ref name="indiatimes">Template:Cite web</ref>
Political life
Oommen started his political career through the Kerala Students Union, in which he served as president from 1967 to 1969. He was elected as the president of the State Youth Congress in 1970.<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY">Template:Cite web</ref>
Electoral Performance
Oommen represented the Puthuppally constituency for five decades, having been elected to the Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1970, 1977, 1980, 1982, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, and 2021.<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY"/> During his legislative career, he also served as chairman of the Public Accounts Committee from 1996 to 1998.<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY"/>
| Election victories | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Closest rival | Majority (votes) |
| 1970 | E. M. George (CPIM) | 7,288<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY"/> |
| 1977 | P. C. Cherian (BLD) | 15,910<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY"/> |
| 1980 | M. R. G. Panicker (NDP) | 13,659<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY"/> |
| 1982 | Thomas Rajan (ICS) | 15,983<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY"/> |
| 1987 | V. N. Vasavan (CPIM) | 9,164<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY"/> |
| 1991 | V. N. Vasavan (CPIM) | 13,811 |
| 1996 | Reji Zacharia (CPIM) | 10,155<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY"/> |
| 2001 | Cherian Philip (CPIM Ind.) | 12,575<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY"/> |
| 2006 | Sindhu Joy (CPIM) | 19,863<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY"/> |
| 2011 | Suja Susan George (CPIM) | 33,255<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY"/> |
| 2016 | Jaik C. Thomas (CPIM) | 27,092<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY"/> |
| 2021 | Jaik C. Thomas (CPIM) | 9,044<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY"/> |
Positions held
Minister
Oommen Chandy was a minister in the Government of Kerala on four occasions.<ref name="indiatoday">Template:Cite web</ref> He was the minister for Labour from 11 April 1977 to 25 April 1977 in the first K. Karunakaran ministry and continued holding the same portfolio in the succeeding first A. K. Antony ministry until 27 October 1978. He was in the charge of Home Portfolio in the second K. Karunakaran ministry from 28 December 1981 to 17 March 1982. He was sworn in again as a minister in the fourth K. Karunakaran ministry on 2 July 1991. He was in charge of the Finance Portfolio and resigned from the cabinet on 22 June 1994 as a protest against Karunakaran's denial of a Rajya Sabha ticket to a factional leader.<ref name="indiatoday2">Template:Cite web</ref>
Oommen Chandy was a minister in the following ministries:
| No. | Head of the Ministry | Period | Portfolio |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | K. Karunakaran | 11 April 1977 – 25 April 1977 | Labour<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| 2 | A. K. Antony | 27 April 1977 – 27 October 1978 | Labour<ref name=":1" /> |
| 3 | K. Karunakaran | 28 December 1981 – 17 March 1982 | Home<ref name=":1" /> |
| 4 | K. Karunakaran | 2 July 1991 – 22 June 1994 | Finance<ref name=":1" /> |
First term as chief minister (2004–2006)
The results of the parliamentary elections in May 2004 saw the Indian National Congress not winning a single seat in Kerala. The sitting chief minister, A.K. Antony, was forced to resign and accept responsibility for the poor results.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On 30 August 2004, Oommen was elected as the Congress Legislature Party leader at the end of a meeting by AICC observers and clearance by the Congress president, Sonia Gandhi.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Congress-led alliance was defeated but managed to retain 42 out of 140 seats in the assembly and boost its vote-share by nearly 10% after the general election rout. He resigned as chief minister on 12 May 2006 following the defeat of his party in 2006 Assembly Elections.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Second term as chief minister (2011–2016)
UDF, led by Oommen Chandy, secured a slender margin of majority in the assembly election held on 13 April 2011 by winning 72 seats against the 68 seats of the LDF. He took the oath on 18 May 2011 with six other ministers of his cabinet. Later, thirteen other ministers were also inducted into his cabinet.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Oommen was the leader of opposition in the twelfth Kerala Legislative Assembly. Under his leadership, UDF marked victories in Lok Sabha Election 2009, gaining 16 out of 20 parliament constituencies in Kerala. UDF also got an upper hand in local body elections.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Leader of Congress Parliamentary Party
After winning the closely contested 2011 assembly election, Congress's legislative party unanimously elected Oommen as its leader.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Awards and honours
Oommen Chandy received the 2013 United Nations Public Service Award<ref name="ChandyUNTheHindu">"Chandy wins UN Award" The Hindu, Thiruvananthapuram, 26 June 2013.</ref><ref name="ChandyUNPAN">"UN Public Administration Programme" Template:Webarchive UN Public Administration Programme.</ref><ref name="ChandyUNEcoTimes">"Chandy Wins UN Award" The Economic Times.</ref> for the Asia-Pacific region, for "Preventing and Combating Corruption in the Public Service." The award was presented on 27 June 2013, in Manama, Bahrain, by the UN Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, Wu Hongbo. The award was based on the theme "Transformative e-Government and Innovation: Creating a Better Future for All".<ref name="ChandyUNTheHindu" />
Achievements
Oommen Chandy first took charge as chief minister on 31 August 2004 and adopted the motto Athivegam Bahudooram (Fast and far). Sanctioning of unemployment allowance, and welfare measures for labourers were some of the measures introduced by his government.<ref name="mn">Template:Cite book</ref> Oommen attended the 35th World Economic Forum held at Davos, Switzerland, in 2006.<ref name="mn"/> The Karunya benevolent scheme was implemented in 2011–2012, allowing free treatment of patients with cancer, haemophilia, and kidney and heart diseases.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Forty-three Cochlear implant surgeries were performed under a Cochlear implant scheme for hearing impaired children.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> More organ implantation surgeries were done through Mruthasanjeevani project.<ref name= "clg"/>
Oommen also received the United Nation's Public Service Award for his Mass Contact Programme (Jana Samparkka Paripadi), for hearing and solving the complaints of citizens.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2005, Information Technology was made a compulsory subject for the school-level students, making Kerala the first Indian state to do so.<ref name="it">Template:Cite news</ref> Victers TV, which is India's first public edutainment channel broadband network on EDUSAT for schools, was inaugurated by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam on 28 July 2005 at Thiruvananthapuram.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The Hill highway project, a massive highway project that connects the eastern hilly areas of the districts of Kerala first proposed in 1960, was approved by the First Oommen ministry in 2005. The Government of Kerala approved the project and allocated funds on 17 January 2005, Oommen inaugurated the first phase of the project between Kasaragod and Palakkad at a function held in Payyavoor.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The Second Oommen ministry (2011–2016) adopted the motto Vikasanavum Karuthalum (Development and Care).<ref name="cm"/> Oommen Chandy's regime was instrumental in beginning the construction of several massive infrastructure projects as well as some human-welfare schemes in Kerala which included the Kannur International Airport in Kannur,<ref name="oc">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="ht"/> the Kochi Metro at Kochi,<ref name="oc"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="ht"/> the Vizhinjam International Seaport at Thiruvananthapuram,<ref name="oc"/><ref name="ht">Template:Cite news</ref> and the Smart City project.<ref name="oc" /> The projects for Thiruvananthapuram Light Metro and Kozhikode Light Metro were approved in 2012.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A suburban rail project was initiated in 2013.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The Technopark at Thiruvananthapuram became the largest Information Technology park in India with the inauguration of its third phase in 2014.<ref name="techno">Template:Cite news</ref> The Taurus Downtown at Technopark was commenced during the period 2011–2016.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The second phase of InfoPark, Kochi was inaugurated in May 2015.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Phase two of InfoPark Thrissur was completed during the same period.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Park Centre of Cybercity at Kozhikode was formally opened by IT Minister P.K. Kunhalikutty on 15 February 2014.<ref name="Cyberpark to place Kozhikode on IT map">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Now, Cyberpark puts Kozhikode on the IT map">Template:Cite news</ref> UL Cyberpark at Kozhikode was inaugurated in January 2016.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
It was also during his administration that 12 new Taluks,<ref name="tal">Template:Cite news</ref> 28 new Municipalities,<ref name="new">Template:Cite news</ref> and the Kannur Municipal Corporation were formed<ref name="new" /> for more effective decentralisation and proper utilisation of resources in the state,<ref name="new" /><ref name="tal" /> It was the largest Taluk delimitation in the state of Kerala since 1957.<ref name="c1961">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="tal" /> A number of state highways were constructed under Oommen government, and the final decision to widen the national highways of the state to Template:Convert were taken in 2014.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During his tenure, 227 road bridges costing nearly Rs 1,600 crore were built across Kerala, the most ever in the state.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="clg" /> The Kozhikode bypass was completed and the works of Kollam Bypass and Alappuzha Bypass roads were restarted during 2011–2016.<ref name= "clg"/> The Karamana-Kaliyikkavila and Kazhakootam-Karode bypasses for the city of Thiruvananthapuram were initiated and started.<ref name="clg" /> The Kochi-Mangalore GAIL pipeline was commissioned by the Second Oommen ministry in 2013.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Oommen Chandy's administration also made the decision to build at least one government medical college in each district without one, to ensure the presence of the public medical college in all 14 districts of Kerala, which was instrumental in the public health infrastructure of the state.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As a part of the project, new medical colleges were established in the state starting in 2013, after a gap of 31 years.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The National University of Advanced Legal Studies at Kochi was founded in 2005 and the Indian Institute of Technology at Palakkad was established in 2015. The universities founded during 2011–2016 period include the Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University at Tirur (2012) and APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University at Thiruvananthapuram (2014).<ref name="Ord">Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The K. R. Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts at Kottayam was inaugurated in January 2016.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2015, the Cochin International Airport became the world's first fully solar-powered airport with the inauguration of a dedicated solar plant.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="BBC">Template:Cite news</ref> The airport won the Champion of the Earth award in 2018, the highest environmental honour instituted by the United Nations.<ref name="UN">Template:Cite news</ref> The airport was awarded The Best Airport in Asia-Pacific in 2020 (with 5–15 million passengers per annum) by the Airports Council International.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation (KURTC) was formed under KSRTC in 2015 to manage affairs related to urban transportation.Template:Sfn It was inaugurated on 12 April 2015 at Thevara.Template:Sfn Works on the last phase of Kollam Bypass was started on 27 May 2015.
Social welfare pensions were doubled during Oommen Chandy's second ministry, increasing to Rs.600.<ref name="pen">Template:Cite news</ref> The government distributed pensions ranging from Rs 800 – Rs 1,500.<ref name="clg">Template:Cite news</ref> Social welfare pensions which had been distributed to 12.9 lakh people until 2011 were extended to 34.43 lakh during 2011–2016.<ref name="pen" /> Pensions for the disabled and widows were increased to Rs 800.<ref name="pen" /> Old-age pensions were increased to Rs 1,500 for those above 75 years and Rs 1,100 to those above 80 years.<ref name="pen" /> Other social welfare measures included free rations for those who lost their employment, and 4,14,552 houses for those who hadn't homes before.<ref name="cm" /> Free rice was given to those who were below the poverty line.<ref name="clg" /> Food kits were distributed during Onam, Ramdan, and Christmas.<ref name= "clg"/> A rubber Subsidy to ensure a minimum price of Rs 150/kg was implemented in 2015.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Kerala Public Service Commission filled vacant posts during 2011–2016,<ref name="pen"/> appointing as many as 1,67,096 job candidates, setting a record;<ref name="pen"/> 46,223 posts were created in the same period.<ref name="pen"/> The second Oommen ministry had also made the decision to prohibit liqueur in the state by discouraging bars.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The number of political killings were relatively low (eleven) during 2011–2016.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Kerala was declared as the first complete digital state of India on 27 February 2016.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Twenty-six sectors were identified for showcasing in the Emerging Kerala summit of 2012 held at Kochi.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The event was organised by the Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation (KSIDC), to highlight investment opportunities available in Kerala and advertise to the world its state of readiness to receive investors.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Prime Minister of India Dr. Manmohan Singh inaugurated the three-day event.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Goals for the event included bringing in 45 specific project proposals with an investment of over Rs.40,000 crore, including Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd's Kochi Refinery expansion and another joint venture project of Rs.18,000 crore, Volkswagen’s engine assembly unit (Rs.2,000 crore), a hospital and pre-cast concrete structure manufacturing unit (Rs.570 crore), and a solar energy plant (Rs.500crore).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A number of projects were conceptualized and developed in the tate following the summit, the most prominent of which included the Kochi-Mangalore GAIL Pipeline, Vizhinjam International Seaport, Kochi Metro, Thiruvananthapuram Light Metro and Kozhikode Light Metro, Petroleum Chemicals & Petrochemical Investment Region, Kochi-Palakkad National Investment and Manufacturing Zone,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Indian Institute of Information Technology, Kottayam, Thiruvananthapuram–Kasargode Semi High Speed Rail Corridor, Kerala Seaplane, Electronic hub at Kochi, Titanium Sponge Plant Project at Kollam, Oceanarium project at Kochi,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Bio 360 Life Sciences Park at Thiruvananthapuram, a gas-based powerplant at Cheemeni, Kasaragod,<ref name="power">Template:Cite news</ref> and Kochi LNG Terminal.<ref name="power" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Controversies
2013 Kerala solar panel scam
The 2013 Kerala solar panel scam was one of the main scandals raised by the LDF-led opposition. It was also one of the main election issues used by LDF during 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election.
However, the Crime Branch appointed by First Vijayan ministry in 2018 found that there was no evidence against Oommen in the scam.<ref name="mn_1">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="mb_1">Template:Cite news</ref> As part of the procedures, the state home secretary T. K. Jose had forwarded a report to the central government.<ref name="mb_1"/> According to the report, no evidence could be collected against Oommen Chandy and the Crime Branch failed to confirm that the incident mentioned in the complaint actually happened.<ref name="mb_1"/> The case was handed over to the central agency after several teams of the Kerala Police repeatedly failed to prove the allegations against Oommen.<ref name="mn_1"/>
Vizhinjam Port Corruption Accusation
The opposition led by CPI(M) had accused corruption in the Vizhinjam International Seaport project ahead of the 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="bs">Template:Cite news</ref>
The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India, in its report on Public Sector Undertakings for the financial year ending March 2016, presented to the Kerala state assembly, identified irregularities in the agreement executed by the then state government. The CAG report contended that by granting a ten-year concession period beyond the standard thirty-year term for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects, the state government's agreement with the Adani Group for the Vizhinjam seaport project could potentially result in an additional revenue of Rs 29,217 crore for the concessionaire. This figure was calculated based on revenue projections outlined in the Feasibility Report prepared by Ernst and Young.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Based on this CAG report,the first Vijayan ministry appointed a three-member judicial commission under Justice C. N. Ramachandran to investigate in May 2017.<ref name="bs"/><ref name="th_1"/>
In 2018, the commission concluded that there was no corruption with the state's project and that there was no misuse of political power in the port project.<ref name="th_1">Template:Cite news</ref> The commission report stated that there was no evidence to prove there was corruption. C. N. Ramachandran said that "Nobody came forward with any specific corruption charges against any individual and nobody ventured to give any evidence.<ref name="bs"/> When there is no allegation of corruption against anyone, there is no need to investigate corruption against anyone.<ref name="bs"/> That is why the commission has not found corruption against anyone."<ref name="bs"/>
Pattoor land case
The Pattoor Land Case was used by the LDF-led opposition ahead of 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election. In February 2018, the Kerala High Court pointed out that the Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau (VACB) registered the first information report based on the wrong report prepared by Jacob Thomas.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The court said that the claim that the property vests with Kerala Water Authority was not based on any document.<ref name="kwa">Template:Cite news</ref> As the High Court rejected the case, the UDF government got a clean chit.<ref name="kwa"/> The High Court found that neither Oommen nor the UDF government was involved in any corruption.<ref name="kwa"/>
Palmolein oil import scam
The Palmolein Oil Import Scam (1991–1992) refers to the alleged irregularities in the import of palmolein by the K. Karunakaran-led United Democratic Front government of the state of Kerala, India through the Power and Energy Limited Company.<ref name="frontlineonnet.com">Template:Cite web</ref> It was accused by the LDF-led opposition in 1992. However, a 2011 VACB probe found that Oommen, finance minister during 1991–1996, had no role in the corruption.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The report filed by VACB said that Oommen Chandy was not aware of the details of the decision to import palmolein through a Singapore-based firm.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Death and Funeral
Death
Oommen Chandy was diagnosed with advanced laryngeal (throat) cancer. He commenced immunotherapy treatment at HCG Cancer Centre in Bengaluru in December 2022.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Additionally, he underwent laser biopsy in Germany, a procedure that reduces tumor size but does not eliminate cancer. Despite these treatments, Chandy succumbed to the disease and died on 18 July 2023 at the age of 79 due to complications from throat cancer. The demise occurred at the Chinmaya Mission Hospital in Bengaluru.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Funeral procession
Following his death, Chandy's body was transported to Thiruvananthapuram via chartered flight for public homage, first at the durbar hall,Thiruvananthapuram and subsequently at the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee (KPCC) office.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Government of Kerala declared a public holiday on 18 July 2023 and a two-day state mourning in his honour.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A solemn funeral procession began on 19 July 2023, traversing the 150 km distance from the state capital to Chandy's hometown, Puthuppally in Kottayam district. A journey that typically takes five hours was extended to approximately 30 hours due to the immense public outpouring of grief. Thousands of people lined the route to bid their final farewells to the beloved leader.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The final rites were conducted at St. George Orthodox Church, Puthuppally, on 20 July 2023, presided over by Mar Baselios Marthoma Mathews III.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In honor of his dedicated public service, Oommen Chandy was laid to rest in a specially constructed tomb within the exclusive burial ground reserved for the Orthodox Church's clergy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Respecting his wishes, the family declined state honors, with his son expressing his father's desire for a simple funeral.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Legacy
After Oommen Chandy's death, his son, Chandy Oommen, contested and won in the by-election.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
KPCC President K Sudhakaran has said that Vizhinjam port should be named after Oommen Chandy since the port became a reality only due to his efforts.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
References
Sources
Further reading
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Template:Indian National Congress Template:Chief Ministers of Kerala Template:Oommen Chandy Cabinet 2011 Template:United Democratic Front (Kerala) Template:Authority control
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- 1943 births
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- Renewable energy in India
- History of Kerala (1947–present)
- Politicians from Kottayam
- Chief ministers of Kerala
- Malayali politicians
- Indian National Congress politicians from Kerala
- Leaders of the opposition in Kerala
- Chief ministers from Indian National Congress
- Kerala MLAs 1982–1987
- Kerala MLAs 1987–1991
- Kerala MLAs 1996–2001
- Kerala MLAs 2006–2011
- Kerala MLAs 2011–2016
- Kerala MLAs 2016–2021
- CMS College Kottayam alumni
- Indian National Congress (U) politicians
- Deaths from throat cancer
- Deaths from cancer in India
- Kerala MLAs 2021–2026
- Finance ministers of Kerala