Opera (company)

Opera (formerly Opera Software AS) is a Norwegian multinational technology corporation<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> headquartered in Oslo, Norway, with additional offices in Europe, China, and Africa. Opera offers a range of products and services that include PC and mobile web browsers, GameMaker and gaming portals, the Opera News content recommendation products, the Opera Ads platform, and a number of Web3 and e-commerce products and services. The company's total user base is 296 million monthly active users.<ref name=":10">Template:Cite web</ref>

Opera is now majority-owned by the Chinese company Kunlun Tech Co., Ltd.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On 27 July 2018, Opera Limited became a public company listed on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange, raising $115 million in its initial public offering.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref>

History

Early development

Opera was founded as an independent company in Norway in 1995 by the Icelandic Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner and Geir Ivarsøy.<ref name="milestones">Template:Cite web</ref> They had initially begun development of the Opera web browser while both working at Norwegian telecommunications company Telenor.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Opera's first product, the Opera web browser version 2.10 for Windows, was publicly released in 1996. Opera began development of its first browser for mobile device platforms in 1998.<ref name="milestones" /> Opera 4.0, released in 2000,<ref name="Affiliated">Template:Cite web</ref> included a new cross-platform core that facilitated creation of editions of Opera for multiple operating systems and platforms.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Up to this point, the Opera browser was trialware and had to be purchased after the trial period ended, however, this ended with version 5.0, released in 2000. Instead, Opera became ad-sponsored, displaying advertisements to users without a license,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> which was commonly criticized as a barrier to gaining market share. In newer versions, the user was allowed a choice of generic graphical banners or text-based targeted advertisements provided by Google based upon the page being viewed.

First IPO and public company

In February 2004, Opera announced it was preparing for an initial public offering on the Oslo Stock Exchange in March.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On 11 March, Opera's IPO opened, trading under the symbol OPERA.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2004, Opera settled a lawsuit with an "international corporation" paying Template:USD to Opera. It was speculated that the "international corporation" named in the statement announcing the settlement was Microsoft, which had previously blocked Opera users from correctly viewing MSN.com.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On 12 January 2005, Opera announced that it would offer free licenses to higher education institutions<ref>Students surf safely with Opera: Opera site license free for educational institutions Template:Webarchive, 12 January 2005, retrieved on 25 October 2005</ref> — a change from the previous cost of US$1,000 for unlimited licenses. Schools that opted for the free license included Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard University, University of Oxford, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Duke University.

With version 8.5 (released in 2005) the advertisements were removed entirely and primary financial support came through revenue from Google (Opera's default search engine).<ref name="Baker">Template:Cite news</ref> In August 2005, the company introduced Opera Mini, a new Java ME based web browser for mobile phones originally marketed not to end users but to mobile network operators to pre-load on phones or offer for their subscribers.<ref>Have WAP but want WEB? Introducing Opera Mini for mobile phones Template:Webarchive, URL accessed on 20 April 2006</ref> In 2007, Opera filed a complaint against Microsoft in the European Commission, alleging that bundling Internet Explorer with Microsoft Windows is harmful to both the consumer and to other web browser companies.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The complaint resulted in the creation of BrowserChoice.eu.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2011, development directors Rolf Assev and Christen Krogh, decided to quit Opera to try something new.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2012, Opera and Bharti Airtel signed an agreement to provide Opera Mini browsers to Airtel mobile customers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2013 Opera decided to not use their in-house rendering engine for the Desktop Browser anymore. From Version 15, the Opera browser for computers would be using the Blink rendering engine, a fork of Webkit developed together with Google.

File:Håkon Wium Lie.jpg

Håkon Wium Lie, former chief technical officer

In March 2015, Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Opera won Global Mobile Award of Best Mobile Product, Initiative or Service in Emerging Markets for Opera Web Pass and Sponsored Web Pass.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In April Opera decided to centre development of the Opera Desktop browser in Poland.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On 12 April,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Opera TV AS (now Vewd Software AS<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>) was established to separate TV-related business from all other assets, which became part of Opera; both companies became wholly owned subsidiaries of Opera Software ASA (now Otello).<ref name="tvdemerge">Template:Cite web</ref> In September, the company announced a rebrand with a new three-dimensional "O" logo and brand identity. In the process, the company logotype changed from "Opera Software" to "Opera".<ref>Revealing the new Opera brand.

Opera, on YouTube. 21 September 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2018.</ref>

Acquisition and second IPO

In 2016, the company changed ownership when a group of Chinese investors purchased the web browser, consumer business, and brand of Opera Software ASA. The remaining assets were renamed as the Otello Corporation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The ownership change was initiated in February 2016 when a group of Chinese investors offered US$1.2 billion ($8.31 per share) to buy Opera Software ASA,Template:Refn<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> though the deal reportedly did not meet regulatory approval.<ref name="600m sale announce">Template:Cite web</ref> On 18 July 2016, Opera Software ASA announced it had sold its browser, privacy and performance apps, and the Opera brand to Golden Brick Capital Private Equity Fund I Limited Partnership<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":4">Template:Cite web</ref> (a consortium of Chinese investors led by Beijing Kunlun Tech Co and Qihoo 360) for an amount of US$600 million.<ref name="600m sale announce" /> The transaction for sale of Opera's consumer business was approved on 31 October 2016 by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> An earlier deal was not approved by Norwegian regulators.<ref name=":4" /> On 4 November 2016, Golden Brick Capital Private Equity Fund I L.P. completed the acquisition.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> After divesting itself of the Opera browser and brand, Opera Software ASATemplate:Refn changed its name to Otello Corporation ASA.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In January 2017, the company introduced Opera Neon, a new concept browser that is intended as an exploration of browser design alternatives. The browser is built on top of the Blink engine similar to the original Opera browser, and it is available for Windows and macOS. In January 2018, Opera launched Opera News, an AI-driven news app dedicated to African users. It reached more than a million downloads in less than a month.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In April, the company released a new mobile browser called Opera Touch. It includes an innovative user interface focused on ease of use and one-handed browsing.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In July 2018, Opera filed for an IPO. The company went public on the NASDAQ on 27 July and raised over $115 million.<ref name=":0" /> Opera is a subsidiary of Kunlun Tech Co., Ltd., and controlled by Zhou Yahui.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Acquisitions

In November 2019, Opera launched a new project called Opera News Hub. The platform helps bloggers create and share content.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In January 2020, Opera acquired PocoSys, an Estonian startup that developed banking-as-a-service software. The deal also included an agreement to take over Pocopay, PocoSys's sister company.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In June 2020, Opera partnered with APO Group to provide accurate information about COVID-19 in Africa. News articles from different health authorities are collected by APO and made available to Opera users through the Opera Mini browser and Opera News app.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Opera acquired YoYo Games from Playtech in January 2021, for Template:US$, from which the company also announced the launch of its Opera Gaming division to promote game development within the Opera GX browser with YoYo Games and its GameMaker game development software.

In February 2021, Opera launched the fintech Dify, an in-browser payment app that includes cashback service and a digital wallet.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref> Customers who use Dify get reimbursed when purchasing items from partner websites like Nike, Asos, and eDreams.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The fintech was first offered in beta in Spain.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />

Products

Active products

• Opera desktop browser (Windows, macOS, Linux)
• Opera Air (Beta Windows and Mac OS, could be available for Linux later)
• Opera Mobile browser (Android, iOS)
• Opera GX: Opera's gaming browser, released in June 2019. The browser allows users to customize how much RAM, CPU, and network bandwidth it uses,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and reached 34 million average monthly active users in 2024.<ref name=":10" />
• Opera Mini: originally released in 2005, version 50 of the browser was released in May 2020.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref> The redesign included a new UI, an improved data-saving mode, and a built-in file sharing service.<ref name=":1" />
• Opera News: released in 2018, a news app with an AI-engine<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2025, Opera announced that its Opera News service had more than 368 million monthly active users in 2024.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":11" />
• Opera Ads: advertising platform which integrates into all of Opera's products released in May 2019.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• GameMaker: a 2D gaming development platform <ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":11"/>

Minority investments

• OPay: a privately held mobile payment fintech company, incubated by Opera,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> focused on emerging markets, with Nigeria and Egypt as initial key markets.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> As of December 31, 2024, Opera owned 9.4% of OPay.<ref name=":11">Template:Cite web</ref>

Discontinued products

In February 2018, after previously announcing that the service and app would be shut down, the Opera Max app, a VPN based mobile data compression service, was sold to Samsung. It was rebranded as Samsung Max, but will only be compatible with eligible Samsung Galaxy smartphones going forward.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Since then, Opera has developed its own VPN available within its desktop and Android browser.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On 22 March 2021, in celebration of the three-year-anniversary of Opera Touch, it was announced that the iOS version of Opera Touch was rebranded to simply Opera,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and it was also given a new, and refurbished UI.

In August 2017, Opera Coast was discontinued and removed from the Apple App Store. The reason is unknown, but some believed that the company is focusing on some products.

In August 2020, Opera announced its divestment from majority ownership of its microlending business, including the products OKash and Opesa,<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /> and in March 2022, Opera sold its stake outright.<ref name=":9" />

Controversies

Opera was involved in a years-long feud with Microsoft dating back to 2001.<ref name=":02">Template:Cite web</ref> On at least three occasions, Opera accused Microsoft of deliberately breaking interoperability of its MSN services and the Opera browser or other non-Internet Explorer browsers.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":12">Template:Cite web</ref> Microsoft denied that it was intentionally shutting out Opera users.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":12" /> In response, Opera released the "Bork Edition" of its web browser, causing MSN to display only the phrase, "Bork, bork, bork!" which was popularized by The Muppet Show character, Swedish Chef.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2004, Opera received a confidential $12.75 million payment from an "international corporation" reported to be Microsoft.<ref name=":12" />

In 2013, Opera switched from its rendering engine, Presto, to Chromium's WebKit (now Blink), a decision described as a "sad day for the web."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

From 2018<ref name="kiruga">Template:Cite news</ref> to 2020, Opera was involved in the incubationTemplate:Clarify of Kenyan loan companies OKash and Opesa. In January 2020, the then Opera-owned businesses were accused of offering predatory terms with interest rates of up to 876 percent per annum<ref name=":5">Template:Cite web</ref> and employing unethical debt recovery practices such as debt shaming<ref name="kiruga" /> and abusing customer privacy.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In August 2020, Opera announced its divestment from majority ownership of its microlending holdings,<ref name=":6">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":7">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":8">Template:Cite news</ref> and in March 2022, Opera sold its stake outright.<ref name=":9">Template:Cite web</ref>