Oriolus

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Orioles are colourful Old World passerine birds in the genus Oriolus, the type genus of the corvoidean family Oriolidae. They are not closely related to the New World orioles, which are icterids (family Icteridae) that belong to the superfamily Passeroidea.

Taxonomy and systematics

The genus Oriolus was erected in 1766 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the 12th edition of his Systema Naturae.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The type species is, by tautonomy, Oriolus galbula Linnaeus, 1766. This is a junior synonym of Coracias oriolus Linnaeus, 1758, the Eurasian golden oriole.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1760, French ornithologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in his Ornithologie used Oriolus as a subdivision of the genus Turdus,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> but the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ruled in 1955 that "Oriolus Brisson, 1760" should be suppressed.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Linnaeus added more than a dozen additional genera when he updated his 10th edition, but he generally based new genera on those that had been introduced by Brisson in his Ornithologie. Oriolus is now the only genus for which Linnaeus's 12th edition is cited as the original publication.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=ioc/> The name is derived from the old French word oriol, which is echoic in origin, derived from the call of the bird,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> but some authors have suggested origins in classical Latin aureolus meaning "golden". Various forms of "oriole" have existed in Romance languages since the 12th and 13th centuries.<ref>Template:OED</ref>

Extant species

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The genus contains 32 species:<ref name=ioc>Template:Cite web</ref>

Common name	Scientific name	Distribution
Brown oriole	Oriolus szalayi	New Guinea
Dusky-brown oriole	Oriolus phaeochromus	North Maluku
Grey-collared oriole	Oriolus forsteni	Seram
Black-eared oriole	Oriolus bouroensis	Buru Island
Tanimbar oriole	Oriolus decipiens	Tanimbar Islands
Timor oriole	Oriolus melanotis	Timor, Rote and Semau Islands
Wetar oriole	Oriolus finschi	Wetar and Atauro Islands
Olive-backed oriole	Oriolus sagittatus	eastern Australia and south-central New Guinea.
Green oriole	Oriolus flavocinctus	Australia and New Guinea
Dark-throated oriole	Oriolus xanthonotus	Southeast Asia through Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka, Java and southwestern Borneo
Ventriloquial oriole	Oriolus consobrinus	Borneo and the Philippines
Philippine oriole	Oriolus steerii	the Philippines
White-lored oriole	Oriolus albiloris	Luzon Island (the Philippines)
Isabela oriole	Oriolus isabellae	Luzon
Eurasian golden oriole	Oriolus oriolus	Europe and western Asia, and spends the winter season in central and southern Africa
Indian golden oriole	Oriolus kundoo	Indian subcontinent and Central Asia
African golden oriole	Oriolus auratus	Africa south of the Sahara desert
Slender-billed oriole	Oriolus tenuirostris	eastern Himalayas to Southeast Asia
Black-naped oriole	Oriolus chinensis	eastern Siberia, Ussuriland, northeastern China, Korea and northern Vietnam
Green-headed oriole	Oriolus chlorocephalus	eastern Africa
São Tomé oriole	Oriolus crassirostris	island of São Tomé
Western oriole	Oriolus brachyrynchus	African tropical rainforest
Ethiopian oriole	Oriolus monacha	north-eastern Africa
Mountain oriole	Oriolus percivali	Albertine Rift montane forests, Uganda and Kenya
Black-headed oriole	Oriolus larvatus	Africa
Black-winged oriole	Oriolus nigripennis	African tropical rainforest
Black-hooded oriole	Oriolus xanthornus	tropical southern Asia from India and Sri Lanka east to Indonesia
Black oriole	Oriolus hosii	Sarawak in Borneo
Black-and-crimson oriole	Oriolus consanguineus	Indonesia and Malaysia
Javan oriole	Oriolus cruentus	Indonesia
Maroon oriole	Oriolus traillii	Southeast Asia
Silver oriole	Oriolus mellianus	southern China and winters in mainland Southeast Asia