Owen Garriott
Template:Use American English Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox astronaut Owen Kay Garriott (November 22, 1930 – April 15, 2019) was an American electrical engineer and NASA astronaut, who spent 60 days aboard the Skylab space station in 1973 during the Skylab 3 mission, and 10 days aboard Spacelab-1 on a Space Shuttle mission in 1983.
After serving in the United States Navy, Garriott was an engineering professor at Stanford University before attending the United States Air Force Pilot Training Program and later joining NASA. After his NASA career, he worked for various aerospace companies, consulted on NASA-related committees, taught as an adjunct professor, and conducted research on microbes found in extreme environments.
Early life
Owen Kay Garriott was born in Enid, Oklahoma, on November 22, 1930, to Owen (1909–1981) and Mary Catherine Garriott (Template:Nee; 1912–1993).<ref name="sa" />Template:Rp Owen's middle name was based on his mother's middle name.<ref name="sa" />Template:Rp He was a Boy Scout (earning the rank of Star Scout),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and graduated from Enid High School in 1948, where he served as senior class president and was voted "Most Likely To Succeed."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He received a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from the University of Oklahoma in 1953, where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity. He was also the elected president of the senior class.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He later earned Master of Science and Ph.D. degrees from Stanford University in electrical engineering in 1957 and 1960, respectively.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Career
U.S. military
Garriott served as electronics officer in the United States Navy from 1953 to 1956. From 1961 through 1965, he was an assistant professor and associate professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University. He performed research and led graduate studies in ionospheric physics after obtaining his doctorate, and authored or co-authored more than 45 scientific papers, chapters and one book, principally in areas of the physical sciences.<ref name="Biography">Template:Cite web</ref>
As a prerequisite of the era's scientist-astronaut training, he completed a one-year United States Air Force pilot training program in 1966, receiving qualification as pilot in jet aircraft.<ref name="bio" />
NASA
Template:Main In 1965, Garriott was among the six scientist-astronauts selected by NASA.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His first spaceflight, the Skylab 3 mission in July–September 1973, set a record for duration of over 59 days, more than doubling the one of the spring's Skylab 2, just to be soon beaten by Skylab 4. Extensive experiments were conducted of the Sun, of Earth resources and in various life sciences relating to human adaptation to weightlessness.<ref name="bio" />
Garriott's second space flight was aboard STS-9 (Spacelab-1) in November–December 1983, a multidisciplinary and international mission of 10 days aboard Space Shuttle Columbia. Over 70 separate experiments in six different disciplines were conducted, primarily to demonstrate the suitability of Spacelab for research in all these areas. Garriott was also an Extra Class amateur radio operator holding call sign W5LFL. He operated the world's first amateur radio station in space and on December 1, 1983 made the first amateur radio contact from space using a Motorola handheld 2-meter radio. Amateur radio subsequently expanded into an important activity on dozens of shuttle flights, Space Station Mir and the International Space Station, with scores of astronauts and cosmonauts participating.<ref name="bio" />
Between these missions, Garriott received a NASA fellowship in the Space Station Project Office. In this position, he worked closely with the external scientific communities and advised the project manager concerning the scientific suitability of the space station design.<ref name="bio" />
Garriott held the distinction of being the NASA astronaut with the earliest-obtained PhD degree, having earned his PhD from Stanford University in 1960, two years before Robert A. Parker from Caltech in 1962.
The Skylab "stowaway" prank
On September 10, 1973, controllers in Houston were startled to hear a woman's voice beaming down from Skylab. The voice startled capsule communicator (CAPCOM) Robert Crippen by calling him by name, and then the woman explained: "The boys haven't had a home-cooked meal in so long I thought I'd bring one up." After several minutes in which she described forest fires seen from space and the beautiful sunrise, the woman said: "Oh oh. I have to cut off now. I think the boys are floating up here toward the command module and I'm not supposed to be talking to you." As Garriott later revealed, he had recorded his wife, Helen, before the launch, giving descriptions of multiple events that might occur during the mission.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Post-NASA career
After leaving NASA in June 1986, Garriott consulted for various aerospace companies and served as a member of several NASA and National Research Council Committees.<ref name="bio" />
From January 1988 until May 1993, he was vice president of space programs at Teledyne Brown Engineering. This division, which grew to over 1,000 people, provided payload integration for all Spacelab projects at the Marshall Space Flight Center and had a substantial role in the development of the U.S. laboratory for the International Space Station.<ref name="bio" />
Garriott devoted time to several charitable activities in his hometown, including the Enid Arts and Sciences Foundation of which he was a co-founder in 1992. Later, he accepted a position as adjunct professor in the Laboratory for Structural Biology at the University of Alabama in Huntsville and participated in research activities there involving new microbes he returned from extreme environments such as very alkaline lakes and deep sea hydrothermal vents. Hyperthermophiles were returned from several dives in Russian MIR submersibles to the Rainbow Vent Field at a depth of 2,300 meters near the Azores in the central Atlantic Ocean. Other research activities included three trips to Antarctica from which 20 meteorites were returned for laboratory study. Garriott formed a 501(c)(3) public philanthropic Garriott Family Foundation to finance the aforementioned adventure travel for himself, his wife and other members of his family.<ref name="bio" />
Personal life and death
Garriott married Helen Mary Walker, his high school sweetheart, in 1952.<ref name="sa" />Template:Rp They had four children, including Robert Garriott and Richard Garriott.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="sa" />Template:Rp After he divorced his first wife, Garriott married Evelyn L. Garriott, who had three children from a previous relationship.<ref name="sa" />Template:Rp
His son Richard was launched as a space tourist on board Soyuz TMA-13 on October 12, 2008, the first American and the second person worldwide to follow a parent into space.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Owen Garriott was in mission control at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for the launch and was in attendance when his son returned 12 days later.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Garriott died on April 15, 2019, at his home in Huntsville, Alabama.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Organizations
Garriott was a member of the following organizations: American Astronautical Society (fellow), American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (associate fellow), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,<ref name="bio" /> American Geophysical Union, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Association of Space Explorers (Board of Directors), Astronaut Scholarship Foundation (vice president and vice chairman).<ref name="bio">Template:Cite web</ref>
Awards and honors
Garriott received the following honors: National Science Foundation Fellowship, 1960–1961; Honorary Doctorate of Science, Phillips University (Enid, Okla.), 1973; NASA Distinguished Service Medal, 1973; Fédération Aéronautique Internationale V. M. Komarov Diploma for 1973;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the Octave Chanute Award for 1975;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the NASA Space Flight Medal, 1983.<ref name="bio" />
The three Skylab astronaut crews were awarded the 1973 Collier Trophy "For proving beyond question the value of man in future explorations of space and the production of data of benefit to all the people on Earth."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Gerald Carr accepted the 1975 Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy from President Ford, awarded to the Skylab astronauts.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
He was one of five Oklahoman astronauts inducted into the Oklahoma Aviation and Space Hall of Fame in 1980,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1997,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> the Oklahoma Military Hall of Fame in 2000,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the Enid Public Schools Hall of Fame in 2001.<ref name="bio" />
Garriott was presented an Honorary Doctorate of Science from Phillips University in 1973.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
A street named after him in Enid, Oklahoma, serves as one of the city's main thoroughfares. It is part of U.S. Route 412.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Books
Garriott was co-author, with fellow astronaut Joseph Kerwin and writer David Hitt, of Homesteading Space, a history of the Skylab program, published in 2008.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was co-author of Introduction to Ionospheric Physics with Henry Rishbeth. Garriott was also a contributor to the book NASA's Scientist-Astronauts by David Shayler and Colin Burgess. Garriott wrote the foreword to the book.<ref name="sa">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp
See also
References
External links
- Spacefacts biography of Owen K. Garriott
- Garriott at Spaceacts Template:Webarchive
- Template:IMDb name
- Official publisher website for Homesteading Space Template:Webarchive
- Garriott at Encyclopedia of Science
- Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Garriott, Owen
Template:Project Skylab Template:NASA Astronaut Group 4 Template:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame Template:Authority control
- Pages with broken file links
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- 1973 in spaceflight
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- Apollo program astronauts
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- Collier Trophy recipients
- Enid High School alumni
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- NASA civilian astronauts
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- Stanford University alumni
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- United States Navy officers
- University of Alabama in Huntsville faculty
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- Space Shuttle program astronauts
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