Patria Pasi

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The Patria Pasi (earlier known as the Sisu Pasi) is a Finnish-made six-wheeled armoured personnel carrier (APC) originally designed for Finnish Defence Forces. The first variant was produced in 1983, and serial production began in 1984. It was designed to operate with ease of use, simple structure and low-cost maintenance. The basic appearance and configuration of the Pasi is similar to most other wheeled APCs. The XA-180 and XA-185 are fully amphibious, while other variants are not.

Development

Template:Refimprove section In 1980, Sisu produced an XA-180 prototype for Finnish Army tests. It competed against two other prototypes and was declared the winner of the trials in 1983. In December 1983, the Finnish Army ordered a first batch of fifty XA-180s. Nine were reserved for UN duties. The vehicle proved quite successful and more orders followed.

The vehicle's widely known nickname "Pasi", also a common given name of Finnish men, stems from the Finnish designation "panssari-Sisu" (Template:Langx). The main superstructure is mainly manufactured from 6 to 12 mm of armoured steel. The bottom is mine-strengthened. The front windows are bullet-resistant and equipped with protective hatches. The vehicle has continuous six-wheel drive and good capabilities for off-road driving. It can take inclines up to a maximum of 60°.

The Pasi has no standard armament, but is equipped with a rotating turret structure for eventual installations of light/heavy machine guns or autocannons. It has 8 BMP-style firing ports on the sides and rear. Therefore, passengers, usually a squad of infantry, can fire their weapons from the cover of the armor.

The Pasi is popular in peacekeeping missions due to its mobility, non-aggressive appearance, and good protection against mines and improvised explosive devices (IED). The vehicle offers a good combination of armament, comfort, mine protection, protection against shrapnel and small-calibre fire, road speed, short time of learning how to drive, and an acceptable terrain mobility. It offers more internal space compared to other similar APCs like the Fuchs or the BTR-80.

The early variants of the Pasi (such as the XA-180 and XA-185) were manufactured by Sisu Auto until 1997, when its defense subsidiary Sisu Defence Oy was acquired by Patria.<ref>http://www.armyrecognition.com/finland_finnish_army_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_uk/xa-188_sisu_patria_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_technical_data_sheet_specifications_description_uk.html Template:Webarchive Profile of the XA-188</ref> The later variants (such as the XA-202 and XA-203) were then manufactured by Patria until 2003, when the then new Patria AMV entered serial production.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> By then, over 1,300 Pasis had been produced.

Operational service

The Pasi has seen service in several conflict areas, including Afghanistan, Bosnia, Croatia, Eritrea, Golan Heights, Iraq, Kosovo, Lebanon, Macedonia, Namibia, Liberia, Somalia and Chad.

The Pasi has been used by the Finnish police in sieges and SWAT operations.

In 2008, Finland deployed two Sisu Pasi as part of the response to the 2008 Kauhajoki school shooting.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2018, Estonia deployed five XA-188s to Mali as part of Estonia's contribution to Operation Barkhane.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2022, Finland reportedly donated an unknown number of XA-180/185s to Ukraine as part of a military and humanitarian aid package following the escalations of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> At least ten have been lost in combat.<ref name=":1" />


Versions

Sisu XA-180
Original six-wheeler, carries crew of 2 and 16 troops. Empty weight ca. 12 tonnes.
Sisu XA-185
Upgraded version, carries crew of 2 and 18 troops. Has a more powerful engine and improved power transmission. Used as an ambulance in the Norwegian Army.
Patria XA-186
Upgraded armour. Armoured and equipped with machine-assisted gun turret (.50 BMG). Cannot swim because of the heavy armour. Empty weight ca 19 tonnes. Engine and transmission same as XA-185.
Patria XA-188
Used by the Royal Netherlands Army.<ref>http://www.armyrecognition.com/finland_finnish_army_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_uk/xa-188_sisu_patria_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_technical_data_sheet_specifications_description_uk.html Profile of the XA-188</ref>
Patria XA-202/203
The 200 series looks a little different from earlier variants due to increased armour. It lacks amphibious capabilities but can wade through water that is up to 1.5 m deep. The improved armour protects the passengers against up to 14.5 mm small-arms fire. It is equipped with modern optical aids like periscopes and night vision. The armor upgrade was initiated after the realisation that the previous armor was inadequate, even modern armor-piercing 7.62 mm ammunition could pierce the older XA-180 and XA-185 models in certain areas. The XA-202 was originally developed for Communications and Command. The XA-203 variant was made as a temporary replacement for the earliest XA-185s.

In addition to standard variants, there are numerous sub-versions for specific missions, e.g. ambulance, command & communications, electronic warfare, air defence, radar surveillance, firefighting and anti-tank variants among others.

Operators

File:Pasi operators.png
A map of Pasi operators in blue, with former operators in red
File:XA-180EST in Afghanistan.jpg
An Estonian XA-180 in Afghanistan
File:Lippujuhlan päivän 2017 paraati 095 Pasi Ps 921-5.JPG
A Finnish XA-202
File:Pansarterrängbil 203 Revinge 2012-1.jpg
A Swedish XA-203 of South Scanian Regiment (P 7), Scania, Sweden
File:Dutch 6x6 armored vehicle in Afghanistan.jpg
A Dutch XA-188 in Afghanistan

There are five original customers of the Pasi: Estonia, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden, while a large number have been leased to other military forces of the world.

Current operators

Also the following versions exist:

    • VIPA (ViestiPasi, communication vehicle using the YVI-2, Yhtymän Viestijärjestelmä, "brigade and corps level communication system")
        • ELSO (ELektroninen SOdankäynti, ELINT, electronic warfare) sub-version of VIPA.
      • EPA (EsikuntaPAsi, brigade command post vehicle)
      • KOPA (KOmentoPAsi, battalion command post vehicle)
      • SUTI (SUojeluTIedustelu), NBC reconnaissance vehicle
      • TUPA (TUlenjohtoPAsi, fire observer and artillery command post vehicle)
    • XA-203, the last generation APC replacing the oldest vehicles of the XA-185 series, except for regular APCs and ambulances,
      • Ambulance
    • Units used by the Finnish police are on loan from the Finnish military to police special unit and used in extreme situations.
  • Template:GHA: In UN service.
  • Template:NOR: Norwegian Army. 75 vehicles.
    • XA-185, in service with several units primarily in the ambulance configuration.
    • XA-186, in service with the HMKG and Basesett 1 located at Ørland Main Air Station. In 1994–1996, 22 wagons of the XA-186 model were manufactured in Norway. Of these, 18 were crew cars, two control cars, one ambulance and one repair vehicle. Norway is the only operator of the XA-186 worldwide.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
    • XA-203N, formerly in service with the 2nd Battalion. 30 vehicles converted to MRSP (ambulance configuration) after 2017.
  • Template:RUS: Russian Armed Forces. 1 captured from Ukrainian Army<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Template:SWE: Swedish Army. ~200 vehicles in total.
    • Pansarterrängbil XA-180/XA-185, XA-180(/185) armed with 12,7x99mm HMG. 70 vehicles delivered from 1988, mainly in UN service.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
    • Pansarterrängbil 202, XA-202S as command and control vehicles, Swedish special variantTemplate:Citation needed
    • Pansarterrängbil 203A, XA-203 equipped with the turret from Pansarbandvagn 302 APC's, armed with a 20 mm gun, in 7 configurations like ambulance (unarmed), AT-missile, CBRN-detection, field repairs and so forth.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
    • Pansarterrängbil 203B, the turret is replaced with the weapon-station Protector Nordic.
  • Template:UKR: Ukrainian Army. Unknown number of vehicles donated during the Russo-Ukrainian war.<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> As of November 2025 it has been visually confirmed that 16 units have been destroyed, 5 abandoned and 2 captured by Russian forces.<ref name=":1" />
  • Template:Flag: A large number of Sisu XA-180 vehicles are used by UNIFIL forces in southern Lebanon.

Former operators

See also

References

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Template:Patria (company) Template:Sisu Auto Template:Modern IFV and APC Template:ColdWarSwedishAFVs Template:Authority control

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