Patriotic Salvation Movement

Template:Short description Template:Expand French Template:One source Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox political party Template:Politics of Chad The Patriotic Salvation Movement (Template:Langx, MPS; Template:Langx) is the ruling political party in Chad.

History

After Idriss Déby, an army commander who participated in an unsuccessful plot against President Hissène Habré in 1989, fled to Sudan, he and his supporters, known as the 1 April Movement, operated from Sudan with Libyan backing and carried out attacks across the border into Chad. The MPS was founded in Sudan on 11 March 1990 through the merger of the 1 April Movement with other anti-Habre groups in exile. After a successful offensive in November 1990, Déby and the MPS came to power on 2 December 1990, when their forces entered N'Djamena, the Chadian capital.<ref>Bernard Lanne, "Chad: Regime Change, Increased Insecurity, and Blockage of Further Reforms", Political Reform in Francophone Africa (1997), ed. Clark and Gardinier, pages 274–275.</ref>

Idriss Déby was the MPS candidate in the 1996 presidential election and won in a second round. He was again the MPS candidate in the presidential election of 20 May 2001, receiving 63.2% of the vote. In the parliamentary election held on 21 April 2002, the MPS won according to IPU Parline 113 out of 155 seats. In the May 2006 presidential election, Déby was re-elected with 64.7% of the vote, as well as in 2011, 2016, and 2021.

After Idriss Déby was shot and died during the Northern Chad offensive in 2021, he was succeeded by his son Mahamat Déby Itno, with the country's constitution being suspended. In the December 2024 elections, the party received 124 out of 188 legislative seats in a process widely derided as fraudulent and only presenting the appearance of democracy.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On 25 January 2025, Mahamat Idriss Deby called an extraordinary congress of the MPS for 29 January 2025.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Electoral history

Presidential elections

Election	Party candidate	First round		Second round		Result
		Votes	%	Votes	%
1996	Idriss Déby	1,016,277	43.82%	2,102,907	69.09%	Elected Template:Y
2001		1,533,509	63.17%	Template:N/A	Template:N/A	Elected Template:Y
2006		1,863,042	64.67%	Template:N/A	Template:N/A	Elected Template:Y
2011		2,503,813	88.66%	Template:N/A	Template:N/A	Elected Template:Y
2016		2,219,352	59.92%	Template:N/A	Template:N/A	Elected Template:Y
2021Template:Efn		3,663,431	79.32%	Template:N/A	Template:N/A	Elected Template:Y
2024	Mahamat Déby	3,777,279	61.00%	Template:N/A	Template:N/A	Elected Template:Y

National Assembly elections

Election	Leader	First round		Second round		Seats	+/–	Position	Result
		Votes	%	Votes	%
1997	Idriss Déby	504,045	39.96%	262,060	34.40%	Template:Composition bar	New	1st	Template:Yes2
2002	Nagoum Yamassoum			Template:N/A	Template:N/A	Template:Composition bar	Template:Increase 48	Template:Steady 1st	Template:Yes2
2011	Haroun Kabadi	Template:Small				Template:Composition bar	Template:Increase 21	Template:Steady 1st	Template:Yes2
2024		1,814,429	45.18%	Template:N/A	Template:N/A	Template:Composition bar	Template:Decrease 10	Template:Steady 1st	Template:Yes2

See also

• Agnes Allafi

References

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