Paul Sacher
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Paul Sacher (28 April 1906Template:Spaced ndash26 May 1999) was a Swiss conductor, patron and billionaire businessman. At the time of his death, Sacher was the majority shareholder of the Hoffmann-La Roche pharmaceutical company and was considered the third richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$13 billion.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=nmz>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
He founded and conducted the Basler Kammerorchester (1926–1987). He commissioned notable works by composers of the 20th century and premiered them with the chamber orchestra. While better known for his interest in new music, he was also devoted to music of the baroque and classical eras. He founded the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis, an institute for early music, in 1933.
Biography
Sacher studied under Felix Weingartner, among others. In 1926 he founded the chamber orchestra Basler Kammerorchester, which specialized in both modern (twentieth-century) and pre-classical (mid-eighteenth-century) repertory. In 1928 he founded the Basel Chamber Choir. Both the orchestra and choir gave their last performance in 1987.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1984, the Serenata Basel was formed, with no direct connection to Sacher. They later adopted the name Kammerorchester Basel. He also founded the Collegium Musicum Zürich in 1941 with Walter Schulthess and Stefi Geyer which he conducted until its disbandment in 1992.<ref name="founder"/><ref>Template:HDS</ref>
Personal life
Sacher was considered the world's third-richest man of the 1990s after inheriting a fortune from his late wife, Maja Hoffmann (1896–1989), who was the widow of Emanuel Hoffmann (1896–1932) and heiress of the pharmaceutical company Hoffmann-La Roche. At the time of his death, Sacher was reputed in various publications to be the richest man in Europe. He died in 1999 at the age of 93.
Sacher had 3 children outside marriage;<ref name=nmz /> two daughters, Katharina and Cornelia von Faber-Castell, with the Countess of Faber-Castell, and a son, Georg Schmid.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite newspaper</ref>
Commissions
Immensely wealthy, Sacher commissioned works from many well-known composers, including:
- Igor Stravinsky (who provided him with the Concerto in D)
- Béla Bartók (Divertimento for Strings, the Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion, the String Quartet No. 6 and the Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta)
- Bohuslav Martinů (many works including the Double Concerto for Two String Orchestras, Piano, and Timpani, Concerto da camera, etc.)
- Arthur Honegger (many works, including his Second and Fourth Symphony (Deliciae Basilienses)
- Frank Martin (six works, including the Petite symphonie concertante)
- Paul Hindemith
- Hans Werner Henze
- Richard Strauss
- Elliott Carter
- Witold Lutosławski (Sacher-Variationen, Double Concerto, Chain II)
- Henri Dutilleux (Trois strophes sur le nom de Sacher and Mystère de l'instant)
- Harrison Birtwistle
Pierre Boulez wrote his Grawemeyer Award-winning work Sur Incises for Sacher's 90th birthday. Boulez bequeathed his entire catalogue (including drafts) to the Paul Sacher Foundation. Henze dedicated his Tenth Symphony to the memory of Sacher, who had commissioned it but died before its completion.
In 1983, Sacher acquired the Stravinsky estate.<ref name="founder">"The Founder" Template:Webarchive: Chronology, Paul Sacher Foundation.</ref> The Paul Sacher Stiftung (Foundation) is located in the centre of Basel (in Münsterplatz) and houses one of the world's most important musical-manuscript collections. Sacher bought most of these manuscripts himself, and they include complete collections by several important twentieth-century composers (including Lutosławski, Ligeti, Boulez and Reich). In 1997, he received an honorary doctorate from the Academy of Music in Kraków.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
"eSACHERe"
Template:Anchor Template:See also On the occasion of Sacher's 70th birthday, twelve composer friends of his (Conrad Beck, Luciano Berio, Pierre Boulez, Benjamin Britten, Henri Dutilleux, Wolfgang Fortner, Alberto Ginastera, Cristóbal Halffter, Hans Werner Henze, Heinz Holliger, Klaus Huber and Witold Lutosławski) were asked by Russian cellist Mstislav Rostropovich to write compositions for cello solo using his name spelled out in musical notes (musical cryptogram) as the theme (eS, A, C, H, E, Re). Many of them were performed in a Zurich concert on 2 May 1976. The whole "eSACHERe" project was performed in its entirety for the first time by Czech cellist František Brikcius on 9 May 2011 in Prague.<ref>"eSACHERe World Premiere of unique set of 12 works, solo cello: František Brikcius", mfiles.co.uk. Template:Retrieved</ref>
| Composer | Composition |
|---|---|
| Conrad Beck | Für Paul Sacher : Drei Epigramme für Violoncello solo |
| Luciano Berio | Les Mots sont allés |
| Pierre Boulez | Messagesquisse, for 7 cellos |
| Benjamin Britten | Tema "Sacher" |
| Henri Dutilleux | Trois Strophes sur le nom de Sacher |
| Wolfgang Fortner | Zum Spielen für den 70. Geburtstag : Thema und Variationen für Violoncello Solo |
| Alberto Ginastera | Puneña No. 2, Op. 45 |
| Cristóbal Halffter | Variationen über das Thema eSACHERe |
| Hans Werner Henze | Capriccio per Paul Sacher |
| Heinz Holliger | Chaconne, für Violoncello Solo |
| Klaus Huber | Transpositio ad infinitum |
| Witold Lutosławski | Sacher-Variationen |