Pedro Lascuráin

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Pedro José Domingo de la Calzada Manuel María Lascuráin Paredes (8 May 1856 – 21 July 1952) was a Mexican politician and lawyer who served as the 38th president of Mexico for 45 minutes on 19 February 1913, the shortest presidency in history. The grandson of Mariano Paredes, the 15th president of Mexico, Lascuráin previously served as Mexico's foreign secretary for two terms and was the director of a small law school in Mexico City for 16 years.

Born to a wealthy family in Mexico City, Lascuráin studied law at the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria and became a successful lawyer. He held numerous positions in the city's government. During the Mexican Revolution, he became the secretary of foreign affairs in the government of President Francisco I. Madero. In 1913, a coup known as the Ten Tragic Days ousted Madero and Vice President José María Pino Suárez, and Lascuráin became president. His government lasted for less than an hour, during which he appointed the coup's leader, Victoriano Huerta, to the role of foreign secretary. He promptly resigned, being succeeded by Huerta.

After his brief presidency, Lascuráin retired from politics and continued his legal career. He served as the director of the Escuela Libre de Derecho. He died at the age of 96 in Mexico City, today being most well-known for the brevity of his administration.

Early life

Pedro José Domingo de la Calzada Manuel María Lascuráin Paredes<ref name=info>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> was born on 8 May 1856Template:Efn in the Rancho la Romita (now Colonia Roma) in Mexico City. He was the son of Francisco Lascuráin é Icaza and Ángela (Ana) Paredes Cortés.<ref name=AC23/><ref name="Busca" /><ref name=OyPG38>Template:Harvnb</ref> Francisco Lascuráin was a wealthy merchant originally from Veracruz who had moved to Mexico City and married Paredes, who family was of Basque origin, established in Mexico in the early 19th century.<ref name=AC23/> Pedro Lascuráin Paredes was the fourth of his parents' seven children. His elder siblings were Francisco, María de los Angeles, and José, while his younger siblings were María de los Dolores, María, and Ignacio. Francisco, José, and Ignacio all died in infancy.<ref name=OyPG38/>

Lascuráin's maternal grandfather was Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga, who served as the 15th president of Mexico from 1845 to 1846,<ref name=info/><ref name=AC23/><ref name=A17/><ref name=Arch/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and his maternal grandmother was Josefa "Pepita" Cortés.Template:Sfn His paternal grandparents were Pedro Lascuráin and Dolores de Icaza y Jiménez del Arenal.Template:Sfn

Lascuráin was raised in a Catholic family,<ref name=AC23/> and was reportedly very religious himself.<ref name=Siglo/> In 1890, Lascuráin married María Enriqueta Flores y Manzanera (born 1873<ref name=Siglo/>), the daughter of Juan Manuel Flores, a governor of Durango during the Porfiriato.Template:Sfn They had six children: Pedro, Ana, Fernando, Francisco, Enrique, and José de Jesús. Pedro Lascuráin y Flores died as an infant.<ref name=OyPG38/>

Early career

In his youth, Lascuráin studied law at the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria.<ref name=Arch/> He concluded his studies at the Escuela Nacional de Jurisprudencia (National School of Jurisprudence) in Mexico City. He received his law degree there in 1880.<ref name=AC23/><ref name=INEHRMUB/><ref name=Arch/> He became a prominent lawyer and legal theorist, while also serving as a prestigious businessman in real estate.<ref name=Arch/>

Beginning in 1902, Lascuráin served as a syndic for the ayuntamiento of Mexico City.<ref name=AC24>Template:Harvnb</ref> He became the mayor of Mexico City in 1910<ref name=INEHRMUB/><ref name=AC24/> while Francisco I. Madero began a campaign against the re-election of Porfirio Díaz. Lascuráin was a supporter of Madero, and after Madero was elected president to replace Díaz, Lascuráin served twice as foreign secretary in Madero's cabinet, from 10 April 1912 to 4 December 1912, and from 15 January 1913 to 19 February 1913. In between the two terms, he again was the mayor of Mexico City. As foreign secretary, he had to deal with the demands of Henry Lane Wilson, the United States ambassador to Mexico.

Presidency

On 9 February 1913, a coup d'état to overthrow Madero, known as the Ten Tragic Days (Template:Langx), began.Template:Sfn By the 18th, the pro-Madero general Victoriano Huerta switched sides and joined the coup, capturing Madero and part of his cabinet. The president and vice president signed their resignations the following day.Template:Sfn Lascuráin was one of the people who convinced Madero to resign the presidency while he was being held prisoner in the National Palace and claimed that his life was in danger if he refused.

Under the 1857 Constitution of Mexico, the vice president, the attorney general, the foreign secretary, and the interior secretary stood in line to the presidency. As well as Madero, Huerta had ousted vice president José María Pino Suárez and attorney general Adolfo Valles Baca.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> To give the coup d'état some appearance of legality, he had Lascuráin assume the presidency, who would then appoint him as his interior secretary, making Huerta next in line to the presidency, and then resign.

The presidency thus passed to Huerta. As a consequence, Lascuráin was president for less than an hour; sources quote figures ranging from 15 to 56 minutes.Template:Efn This makes his presidency the shortest in the history of Mexico and the world.<ref name=Arch/>

Huerta called a late-night special session of Congress, and under the guns of his troops, the legislators endorsed his assumption of power. A few days later, Huerta had Madero and Pino Suárez killed. The coup and the events surrounding it became known as the Ten Tragic Days.

Later life and legacy

Huerta offered Lascuráin a post in his cabinet, but Lascuráin declined. He retired from politics and began practicing again as a lawyer. He was the director of the Escuela Libre de Derecho, a conservative law school, for 16 years and published extensively on commercial and civil law.<ref name="Busca"/> Lascuráin died on 21 July 1952 at his home in Mexico City.<ref name=INEHRMUB/><ref name=VR178/><ref name=Siglo/><ref name="Busca"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His wife had died over a year earlier, on 20 June 1951.<ref name=Siglo/> The couple are buried in the Panteón Francés in Mexico City.<ref name=Siglo/>

Lascuráin is today most known for the brevity of his term.<ref name=AC23/> Manuel Ajenjo, writing for El Economista, remarked that Lascuráin's name was longer than his presidency. He jokingly stated that this brevity made him go down in history as the "best president in Mexican history" because he did not have time to "dirty the bathroom".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

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Pedro Lascuráin

Contents

Early life

Early career

Presidency

Later life and legacy

See also

Notes

References

Works cited

Further reading

External links

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Pedro Lascuráin

Early life

Early career

Presidency

Later life and legacy

See also

Notes

References

Works cited

Further reading

External links

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