Peter Schreier

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Peter Schreier (29 July 1935 – 25 December 2019)<ref name="Zeit" /> was a German tenor in opera, concert and lied, and a conductor. He was regarded as one of the leading lyric tenors of the 20th century.<ref name="BBC" />

Schreier was a member of the Dresdner Kreuzchor conducted by Rudolf Mauersberger, performing as an alto soloist. He became a tenor, focused on concert and lieder singing, well known internationally for the Evangelist parts in Bach's Christmas Oratorio and Passion. A member of the Berlin State Opera from 1963, he appeared in Mozart roles such as Belmonte in Die Entführung aus dem Serail and Tamino in Die Zauberflöte, and in the title role of Pfitzner's Palestrina, among others. He appeared at the Vienna State Opera and the Metropolitan Opera, among others, as one of few singers from the German Democratic Republic to perform internationally.

Schreier made many recordings, especially of Bach's works as both a singer and a conductor, even simultaneously. He recorded many lieder including the song cycles by Schubert and Schumann. He was known for intelligent understanding of texts and their musical expression with intensity. Schreier received awards including the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize, Léonie Sonning Music Prize.

Early life

Schreier was born in Meissen, Saxony, and grew up in the village of Template:Ill, near Meissen, where his father was a teacher, cantor and organist.<ref name="Tewinkel" /> In June 1945, when Schreier was almost ten years old, and just a few months after the destruction of Dresden, he entered the boarding school of the Dresdner Kreuzchor boys' choir.<ref name="Tewinkel" /><ref name="Boisits" /> Its conductor Rudolf Mauersberger recognized his talent. He let him sing many solo alto parts and created compositions with his voice in mind.<ref name="Tewinkel" /> Solo recordings from the time (1948–1951) were reissued on compact disc.<ref name="Zeit" />

Schreier was 16 years old when his voice broke, and he became a tenor, as he had passionately wished, because of the several Evangelists – all tenors – in J.S. Bach's Passions and in his Christmas Oratorio. After he had decided to become a professional singer he took voice lessons, privately from 1954 to 1956,<ref name="Boisits" /> then at the Musikhochschule Dresden, where he also studied conducting.<ref name="Zeit" />

Career

Peter Schreier made his professional debut at the Dresdner Staatsoper in 1957, as the First Prisoner in Beethoven's Fidelio.<ref name="BBC" /> His breakthrough came in 1962 as Belmonte in Mozart's Die Entführung aus dem Serail,<ref name="Zeit" /><ref name="Mauro" /> and he also appeared as Tamino in The Magic Flute. In 1963, he became a member of the Berlin State Opera.<ref name="Boisits" /> Starting in 1966, he was for many years an annual guest of the Vienna State Opera. That same year he made his debut at the Bayreuth Festival as the young seaman in Tristan und Isolde with Karl Böhm as conductor. For 25 years, beginning in 1967, he took part in the program of the annual Salzburg Festival. In 1969, he starred as The Witch in Engelbert Humperdinck's Hansel and Gretel, in a CD recording that featured the Staatskapelle Dresden. He performed more than 60 operatic roles.<ref name="mdr" /><ref name="dw" /> It was important to him to sing the title role of Palestrina, the opera by Hans Pfitzner, not only in Munich but also in East Berlin — a controversial issue at the time in East Germany.

Schreier was one of few singers from the German Democratic Republic to perform internationally, including at the Metropolitan Opera.<ref name="BBC" /> He appeared regularly at the Vienna State Opera, where he sang 200 performances, beginning as Tamino in 1967, also as Belmonte, Don Ottavio in Mozart's Don Giovanni, the title role of Idomeneo, Flamand in Capriccio by Richard Strauss, Lenski in Tchaikovsky's Eugen Onegin, Count Almaviva in Rossini's Il barbiere di Siviglia and Loge in Wagner's Das Rheingold.<ref name="Vienna" /> His Wagner roles also included Mime in Siegfried.

He recorded Bach cantatas regularly with the Thomanerchor and the Gewandhaus Orchestra conducted by Erhard Mauersberger, with soloists including Adele Stolte, Annelies Burmeister and Theo Adam, such as the cantata for Pentecost Erschallet, ihr Lieder, erklinget, ihr Saiten! BWV 172, in 1970.<ref name="Mauersberger" /> He was the Evangelist in Bach's St Matthew Passion in recordings conducted by both Rudolf and Erhard Mauersberger,<ref name="Mauersberger" /> Karl Richter, Claudio Abbado and Herbert von Karajan. He recorded Bach's St John Passion and Christmas Oratorio with Helmuth Rilling.<ref name="Rilling" />

In June 2000, Schreier left the opera stage.<ref name="Boisits" /> His last role at the Berlin State Opera was Tamino; he argued that he could no longer pretend to be a young prince. He ended his singing career on 22 December 2005, combining the functions of Evangelist and conductor in a performance of Bach's Christmas Oratorio in Prague. He kept singing lieder, a genre he had pursued throughout his career, including the song cycles by Schubert and Schumann.<ref name="BBC" />

From the early 1970s, Schreier was also a conductor with a special interest in the works of Mozart, Bach, and Haydn.<ref name="adk" /> He conducted orchestras such as the Vienna Philharmonic and the New York Philharmonic.<ref name="BBC" />

Personal life

Schreier was married and lived in Dresden from 1945 until his death, in the district of Loschwitz.<ref name="BBC" /> He died in Dresden on Christmas Day, 25 December 2019, after a long illness.<ref name="mdr" /> He was survived by his wife, Renate, and two sons, Torsten and Ralf.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The funeral service took place at the Kreuzkirche, Dresden on 8 January 2020.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Evaluation

Schreier was an extremely intelligent singer, with sympathetic feeling for the text.<ref name="Oxford" /> Monika Grütters, Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media, summarised after his death that he was one of the most impressive voices from Germany ("Template:Lang"), who represented Germany in the opera houses of the world as a nation of culture ("Template:Lang"), remembered as the Evangelist in Bach's Passions, and having written music history in a career of four decades.<ref name="Zeit" />

Honours and awards

Discography

The German National Library holds recordings by Schreier, including:<ref>Recordings with Peter Schreier German National Library</ref>

As singer

As conductor

Documentary films

  • Peter Schreier – Alles hat seine Zeit. 83 Min., directed and produced by Heide Blum. D 2006. Template:OCLC

Literature

  • Gottfried Schmiedel: Peter Schreier für Sie porträtiert. VEB Deutscher Verlag für Musik Leipzig, Leipzig 1976 Template:DNB-IDN
  • Peter Schreier: Aus meiner Sicht. Gedanken und Erinnerungen, Ostberlin 1983, 207 pages. Template:ISBN
  • Template:Cite book
  • Jürgen Helfricht: Peter Schreier – Melodien eines Lebens. Verlag der Kunst Dresden, Husum 2008, Template:ISBN
  • Renate Rätz: Schreier, Peter. In: Wer war wer in der DDR? 5. Ausgabe. Vol. 2, Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, Template:ISBN.
  • Manfred Meier, Peter Schreier: Im Rückspiegel : Erinnerungen und Ansichten, recorded by Manfred Meier, Wien: Steinbauer 2005, Template:ISBN.

References

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Template:Ernst von Siemens Music Prize Template:Léonie Sonning Music Prize laureates

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