Philip Meadows Taylor

Colonel Philip Meadows Taylor Template:Post-nominals (25 September 1808 – 13 May 1876), an administrator in British India and a novelist, made notable contributions to public knowledge of South India. Though largely self-taught, he was a polymath, working alternately as a judge, engineer, artist, and man of letters.

Life and writings

Taylor was born in Liverpool, England, where his father, Philip Meadows Taylor, was a merchant. His mother was Jane Honoria Alicia, daughter of Bertram Mitford of Mitford Castle, Northumberland.<ref name="ODNB">Richard Garnett (rev. David Washbrook): "Taylor, Philip Meadows (1808–1876)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, UK: OUP) [1] Retrieved 13 May 2018.]</ref>

At the age of 15, Taylor was sent out to India to become a clerk to a Bombay merchant, Mr Baxter.<ref name="ODNB"/> However, Baxter was in financial difficulties, and in 1824 Taylor gladly accepted a commission in the service of the Nizam of Hyderabad, with which he remained dutifully attached throughout his long career. He was speedily transferred from military duty to a civil appointment, and in this capacity acquired a proficient knowledge of the languages and the people of southern India.Template:Sfn

Meanwhile, Taylor studied the laws, geology and the antiquities of the country and became an early expert on megaliths.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> See more at South Asian Stone Age. He was alternately judge, engineer, artist, and a man of letters.

File:Nandi temple.png

Pen and ink sketch of Bhoga Nandeeshwara Temple by Taylor, c. 1834

While on furlough in England in 1840, he published the first of his Indian novels, Confessions of a Thug, in which he reproduced the scenes which he had heard about the Thuggee cult, described by the chief actors in them. This book was followed by a series of tales, Tippoo Sultaun (1840), Tara (1863), Ralph Darnell (1865), Seeta (1872), and A Noble Queen (1878), all illustrating periods in Indian history and society and giving prominence to the native character, institutions and traditions, for which he had great regard. Seeta in particular was remarkable for a sympathetic, romantic portrayal of the marriage between a British civil servant and a Hindu widow just before the Indian Mutiny. Taylor himself is thought to have married in about 1830, although his autobiography states 1840,<ref name="ODNB"/> to Mary Palmer, daughter of William Palmer (1780-1867) who was the son of General William Palmer (1740-1816) and his second wife Bibi Faiz Bakhsh ‘Faiz-un-Nisa’ Begum (died 1828) .<ref>Philip Meadows Taylor The Story of My Life (Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons) 1877 pp. 62–63.</ref> Returning to India he acted, from 1840 to 1853 as a correspondent for The Times and wrote a Student's Manual of the History of India (1870).Template:Sfn

About 1850, Meadows Taylor was appointed by the Nizam's government to administer, during a long minority, the principality of the young Raja Venkatappa Nayaka. He succeeded without European assistance in raising this small territory to a high degree of prosperity. Such was his influence with the natives that during the Indian Mutiny in 1857, he held his ground without military support.

Colonel Taylor, whose merits were recognized and acknowledged by then by the British government of India – although he had never been in the service of the Company – was subsequently appointed Deputy Commissioner of the western "Ceded Districts". He succeeded in establishing a new assessment of revenues that was more equitable to cultivators and more productive to the government. By perseverance he had risen from the condition of a half-educated youth without patronage, and without even the support of the Company, to the successful government of some of the most important provinces of India, Template:Convert in extent with a population of over five million.Template:Sfn

He received an Order of the Star of India on his retirement from service in 1860 and was given a pension.<ref name="ODNB"/> In 1875 his sight failed, and on medical advice, he decided to spend the winter in India but contracted jungle fever. He died in Menton, France, on his way home, on 13 May 1876.<ref name="ODNB"/>

Contributions to Gulburga

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Taylor in 1840

Taylor made several contributions to the Gulburga region in India by initiating a number of reforms. He encouraged the improvement of agriculture, opened up job opportunities, started schools and improved infrastructure. He was known to spend his own money on providing drought relief. The local people began calling him "Mahadev Baba". Taylor undertook notable archaeological excavations in Gulburga, publishing his findings in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy and the Journal of The Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.<ref name=DH-Sirnoorkar>Template:Cite news</ref>

Tributes

Richard Garnett commented, "His Confessions of a Thug is a classic adventure novel, which inspired the young of several imperial generations and was much imitated by other colonial fiction writers for over a century."<ref name="ODNB"/>

Rich tributes were paid to Taylor, by the Archaeological Survey of India in its History of Indian Archaeology 1784–1947 by Sourindranath Roy. Taylor's archaeological work is acknowledged there as highly significant.<ref name=DH-Sirnoorkar/>

Bibliography

Novels

• Confessions of a Thug (1839 2nd ed., London, 1873)
• Tippoo Sultaun: The Tale of the Mysore War (1840)
• Tara: A Maratha Tale (Edinburgh/London: 1863)
• Ralph Darnell (1865)
• Seeta (London: 1872)
• A Noble Queen: A Romance of Indian History (London: 1878)

Non-fiction

• The Megalithic Tombs and other Ancient Remains in the Deccan (reprint, Hyderabad, 1941)
• The Student's Manual of the History of India (London, 1871)

Posthumous publications

• The Story of My Life (London, 1877)
• Tobacco – a Farmer's Crop (1886)
• The Letters to Henry Reeve (1947)<ref>Details from British Library catalogue Retrieved 13 May 2018.</ref>

References

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External links

• Template:Gutenberg author
• Template:Internet Archive author
• Philip Meadows Taylor. The story of my life, by M. Taylor. Ed. by his daughter (A.M. Taylor). Oxford University, 1882
• Philip Meadows Taylor. Confessions of a Thug. Oxford University Press, 1839
• Philip Meadows Taylor. Tippoo Sultaun; a tale of the Mysore war C K Paul, 1880
• David Finkelstein Philip Meadows Taylor – Victorian Fiction Research Guide