Pierre Bourgault

Pierre Bourgault (January 23, 1934 – June 16, 2003) was a politician and essayist, as well as an actor and journalist, from Quebec, Canada. He is most famous as a public speaker who advocated sovereignty for Quebec from Canada.

Biography

Bourgault was born in East Angus in the Estrie (Eastern Townships) region of Quebec. His father was a civil servant and his mother, a homemaker. His parents sent him to boarding school at age seven, determined that he should receive the education which they lacked. After secondary school, he briefly attended the seminary and entertained the idea of a possible entry into the priesthood, per ancestral tradition, but reneged on his obligation shortly thereafter. He is today entombed within the traditionally Catholic Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Beginning in the early 1960s, he supported Quebec independence from Canada and in 1960 joined the pro-independence Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale. A famed and inflammatory orator, he led a number of union strikes and marches that resulted in violence. In 1964, he became leader of the RIN, and came up just short in the Duplessis riding of Northern Quebec. During the St. Jean Baptiste celebration in 1968, a demonstration for Quebec nationalism turned into a riot when other supporters threw projectiles at newly minted Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He and 300 others were arrested for this incident, while Trudeau's stoic response significantly helped.

In 1964 he made a small appearance in Denis Héroux's student film Over My Head (Jusqu'au cou), as himself in a political debate.<ref>Benoît Aubin, "Des films oubliés de la «belle époque»". Le Journal de Montréal, September 14, 2010.</ref>

In 1968, popular cabinet minister and television host René Lévesque founded Mouvement Souveraineté-Association, a more moderate sovereignist party. Lévesque rebuffed in an attempt to have the RIN included en masse, fearing the RIN's reputation for protests and violence would hurt the movement. Bourgeault disbanded the party and invited its members to join the MSA one by one and the new Ralliement national in the newly founded Parti Québécois, under Lévesque's leadership.

In the 1970 Quebec election, he was the Parti Québécois candidate in Mercier electoral district, running unsuccessfully against Liberal leader (and soon-to-be Premier) Robert Bourassa, who would become a close personal friend. Bourgault himself did not play any role in the PQ government that came to power in the 1976 Quebec election and was given a patronage appointment. He often quarreled with Lévesque, especially in the lead up to the 1980 referendum because he disagreed with the strategy on sovereignty advocated by the premier of Quebec. Bourgault leaves the PQ during the 1980s.

In his early life, he was a journalist at Montreal newspaper La Presse, and he returned to this publication in the 1990s as a columnist for Le Journal de Montréal newspaper. After 1976, he was a professor of communications at the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM). He was also the co-host or regular columnist of several radio shows aired on la Société Radio-Canada, the French language sector of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.

In 1992, he had an acting role in the film Léolo, cast by director Jean-Claude Lauzon. to whom Bourgault was a mentor.<ref>Maurie Alioff, "Léolo," Take One, No. 1, 1992, p. 16.</ref> Lauzon denied he was cast for political reasons.<ref name="Leach">Jim Leach, "It takes monsters to do things like that: The films of Jean-Claude Lauzon," Great Canadian Film Directors, The University of Alberta Press, 2007, p. 51.</ref>

He was openly gay, though he said in an interview for Radio-Canada a few years before his death that in his later years he chose to stop having sexual relations.

Bourgault was a fluent and eloquent speaker of English. For a brief period in the 1980s, he was a weekly columnist for Montreal's anglophone daily, The Gazette.

Works

• Québec quitte ou double, 1970<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Oui à l'indépendance du Québec, 1977<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Le plaisir de la liberté, 1983<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Écrits polémiques 1960-1981, 1989
• Moi, je m'en souviens, 1989<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Maintenant ou jamais, entretiens, 1990<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Écrits polémiques 1. La Politique, Montréal, VLB éditeur, 1982<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Écrits polémiques 2. La Culture, Montréal, VLB éditeur, 1983<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Écrits polémiques, Montréal, Boréale compact, 1988<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Écrits polémiques 3. La Colère, Montréal, Lanctôt éditeur, 1996<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Écrits polémiques 4. La Résistance, Montréal, VLB éditeur, 1999<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Biographies

• Andrée LeBel, Pierre Bourgault, le plaisir de la liberté (entretiens), Nouvelle optique, 1983.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Jean-François Nadeau, Bourgault, Lux éditeur, 2013.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Filmography

• Jean-Claude Labrecque, Le RIN, Production Virage/Télé-Québec, 2002.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Manuel Foglia, Paroles et liberté, Productions J, 2007.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• C’était Bourgault, with Marie-Claude Beaucage and Franco Nuovo, Société Radio-Canada, 2013<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Podcast

Pierre Bourgault: Podcast, BaladoQuébec, 2018.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Awards

• 1983 - Prix Air Canada
• 1997 - Prix Georges-Émile-Lapalme
• 2000 - Prix Jules-Fournier
• 2001 - Prix Condorcet

Note

Some items from the sections, Works, Biographies, Filmography and Podcast were copied and adapted from the French Wikipedia page of Pierre Bourgault. See that page's history for attribution.

External links

• Obituary (from Le Devoir, in French)