List of political parties in the Netherlands

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates {{#invoke: Sidebar | collapsible |name = Politics of the Netherlands |bodyclass = vcard hlist |pretitle= This article is part of a series on |title = Politics of the Netherlands |image = State coat of arms of the Netherlands |listtitlestyle = text-align:left; background:lavender; | heading1 = | expanded = | wraplinks = true | style = width:20em; | liststyle = text-align:centre

| list1title = Constitution | list1 =

• Charter
• Wet Algemene Bepalingen
• Human rights

| list2title = Monarchy | list2 = The King (list): Willem-Alexander

• Royal house
• Succession

Council of Ministers of the Kingdom

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• Ministers Plenipotentiary
  • Aruba
  • Curaçao
  • Sint Maarten

| list3title = Cabinet | list3 =

Cabinet (list): Schoof

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Prime Minister (list): Dick Schoof

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Deputy Prime Ministers: Template:Hlist

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• Ministries

| list4title = States General | list4 =

Senate

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• President (list): Mei Li Vos
• Current membership
• Historic composition
• Parliamentary committees

House of Representatives

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• Speaker (list): Thom van Campen
• Current membership
• Historic composition
• Parliamentary committees

| list5title = Judiciary | list5 =

• Supreme Court
• Council of State
• Court of Audit
• National Ombudsman

| list6title = Elections | list6 =

Recent elections

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Referendums

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• 2005
• 2016
• 2018

• Political parties
• Template:Icon Politicians

| list7title = Local government | list7 =

Provinces

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• Provincial politics
• King's commissioner
• Provincial council
• Provincial executive

Municipalities

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• Municipal politics
• Mayor
• Municipal council
• Municipal executive

• Water boards
• Caribbean Netherlands

| list8name = Foreign | list8title = Foreign relations | list8 = Ministry of Foreign Affairs

• Minister: David van Weel

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• Diplomatic missions of / in the Netherlands
• International organisations
• Netherlands Development Cooperation
• Nationality law
• Passport
• Visa requirements
• Visa policy of the Schengen Area
• Visa policy in the Caribbean

| list9title = Related topics | list9 =

• Corruption in the Netherlands
• De Nederlandsche Bank
• Law of the Netherlands
• Modern history
• Republicanism in the Netherlands
• Social and Economic Council

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• Template:Nowrap

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This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. The country has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, and any one party has little chance of gaining power alone; parties work with each other to form coalition governments.

The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is a legal threshold of 1/150 for getting a seat, so a party can win a seat only with at least two-thirds percent (0,67%) of the national vote, roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes.

The first national political party was the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), founded in 1879.<ref name="ARP 2021">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

No party has come close to winning a majority of seats since the introduction of proportional representation in 1918.<ref>Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1412 Template:ISBN</ref> All governments since then have been coalitions between two or more parties. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, with all parties having to adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.

National political parties

Parties represented in the States General and/or European Parliament

Political party				Main ideology	Position	Leader	Affiliation			Seats			Template:Refh
							Eur.	EP group	Intl.	Senators	House reps.	MEPs
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	PvdA	File:PvdA Logo small.svg	Labour Party Template:Small	Social democracy	Centre-left	Jesse Klaver	PES	S&D	PA	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Colomer 2008" />
style="background:Template:Party color;" height="40px" |	GL	File:GroenLinks logo (1994–present).svg	GreenLeft Template:Small	Green politics	Centre-left		EGP	Greens–EFA	GG			Template:Composition bar	<ref name="Colomer 2008">Template:Cite book</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	PVV		Party for Freedom Template:Small	Right-wing populism	Right-wing to far-right	Geert Wilders	ID	PfE	—	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Merijn Oudenampsen (2013). "[[[:Template:Google books]] Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism]". In Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, Brigitte Mral. Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. A&C Black. p. 191.</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	VVD	File:VVD logo (2020–present).svg	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Template:Small	Conservative liberalism	Template:Nowrap	Dilan Yeşilgöz	ALDE	RE	LI	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	<ref name="Andeweg">Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin Politics and Governance in the Netherlands, Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49</ref><ref name="Keman 2008">Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Cite bookTemplate:Dead link</ref>
style="background-color:Template:Party color;" height="40px" |	BBB	File:BoerBurgerBeweging logo.svg	Farmer–Citizen Movement Template:Small	Agrarianism	Right-wing	Caroline van der Plas	—	EPP	—	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	—
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	D66	File:D66 logo (2019–present).svg	Democrats 66 Template:Small	Social liberalism	Centre	Rob Jetten	ALDE	RE	LI	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	<ref name="Keman 2008" /><ref name="Andeweg" />
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	CDA	File:CDA logo 2021.svg	Christian Democratic Appeal Template:Small	Christian democracy	Centre-right	Henri Bontenbal	EPP	EPP	CDI	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
style="background-color:Template:Party color;" height="40px" |	NSC	File:NSC partijlogo.svg	New Social Contract Template:Small	Christian democracy	Template:Nowrap	Eddy van Hijum	—	EPP	—	—	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	—
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	SP	File:Socialistische Partij (nl 2006) Logo.svg	Socialist Party Template:Small	Democratic socialism	Left-wing	Jimmy Dijk	—	—	—	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>"Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe", published November 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2016: http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/05818.pdf</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	PvdD	File:Party for the Animals logo.svg	Party for the Animals Template:Small	Animal welfare	Left-wing	Esther Ouwehand	APEU	The Left	—	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	CU	File:ChristenUnie.svg	Christian Union Template:Small	Christian democracy	Centre	Mirjam Bikker	ECPM	—	—	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	<ref name="Nordsieck" /><ref name="Colomer 2008" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	FvD	File:FvD.png	Forum for Democracy Template:Small	National conservatism	Far-right	Thierry Baudet	ESN	—	—	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite report</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	SGP	File:SGP logo (2016–present).svg	Reformed Political Party Template:Small	Christian right	Right-wing	Chris Stoffer	ECPM	ECR	—	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	JA21	File:JA21 logo.svg	Right Answer 2021 Template:Small	Right-wing populism	Right-wing to far-right	Joost Eerdmans	ECR	ECR	—	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	—
style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	Volt	File:Logo of Volt.svg	Volt Netherlands Template:Small	European federalism	Centre	Laurens Dassen	Volt	Greens–EFA	—	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
style="background-color:Template:Party color;" height="40px" |	DENK	File:DENK logo (2020–present).svg	DENK	Minority interests	Centre-left	Stephan van Baarle	—	—	—	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" height="40px" |	50+	File:50PLUS (nl) Logo.svg	50PLUS	Pensioners' interests	Centre	Jan Struijs	EDP	—	—	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	Template:Political party data	<ref name="Nordsieck" /><ref name="Keman 2008" /><ref name="Andeweg" /><ref name="Parties-and-elections.eu" />
	OPNL	File:Onafhankelijke Politiek Nederland logo.png	Independent Politics Netherlands Template:Small	Regionalism		Auke van der Goot	EFA	—	—	Template:Political party data	—	—	—

Parties without representation in the States General and/or European Parliament

Party				Main ideology	Position	Leader	Affiliation		Template:Abbr
							European	International
	BIJ1	File:BIJ1 logo.svg	BIJ1	Anti-capitalism	Left-wing to far-left	Tofik Dibi	—	—	—
	CO	File:Code Oranje logo.svg	Code Orange Template:Small	Direct democracy	Syncretic	Template:Ill	—	—	—
	NVU		Dutch People's Union Template:Small	Ethnic nationalism	Far-right	Constant Kusters	—	—	—
	OPA		Elderly Politically Active Template:Small	Pensioners' interests	Single-issue politics	Vacant	—	—	—
	GOUD	File:GOUD logo.svg	GOUD	Pensioners' interests	Centre	Vacant	—	—	—
	HVV	File:Logo Lijst30.svg	Heart for Freedom Template:Small	Antivax	Syncretic	Vacant	—	—	—
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	LHK	File:Lijst Henk Krol logo.svg	Henk Krol List Template:Small	Progressive conservatism	Centre-right	Vacant	—	—	—
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	BVNL	File:BVNL logo (2023–present).svg	Interest of the Netherlands Template:Small	Classical liberalism	Right-wing	—	—	—	—
	JL	File:Jezus Leeft logo.svg	Jesus Lives Template:Small	Evangelism	Right-wing	Florens van der Spek	—	—	—
	LEF	File:LEF.png	LEF – For the New Generation Template:Small	Youth politics	—	Daniël van Duijn	—	—	—
	LibDem	File:Liberaal Democratische Partij Logo.svg	Liberal Democratic Party Template:Small	Social liberalism	Centre	Sammy van Tuyll	—	—	—
	LP	File:Libertarischepartij.svg	Libertarian Party Template:Small	Right-libertarianism	Right-wing	Tom van Lamoen	EPIL	LI	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	MDD	File:Meer Directe Democratie logo.svg	More Direct Democracy Template:Small	Direct democracy	Centre-right	Dorien Rookmaker	EAFD	—	—
	NCPN	File:Logo - Nieuwe Communistische Partij van Nederland (2022).svg	New Communist Party of the Netherlands Template:Small	Marxism–Leninism	Far-left	Rinze Visser	—	IMCWP	—
	NLB	File:Logo of the NLBeter.svg	NLBeter	Public sector interests	Centre	Template:Ill	—	—	—
	NLPlan	File:Netherlands with a PLAN logo.webp	Netherlands with a Plan Template:Small	Participatory democracy	Centre	Kok Kuen Chan	—	—	—
	PSP	File:Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij '92 logo.svg	Pacifist Socialist Party '92 Template:Small	Pacifist socialism	Left-wing	Vacant	—	—	—
	PvdR	File:Logo of Partij voor de Republiek.png	Party for the Republic Template:Small	Republicanism	Centre	Bruno Braakhuis	—	—	—
	PvdS	File:PartijvdSport logo.png	Party for Sports Template:Small	Health promotion	Centre	Annemarie van Duivenboden	—	—	—
	PDNM		Party The New Human Template:Small	Spiritual left	Centre-left	Niraï Melis & Raishrie Gajadin	—	—	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	PPNL	File:Piratpartiet.svg	Pirate Party Template:Small	Pirate politics	Syncretic	Mark van Treuren<ref name="Lead2 2023">Lead candidate of the joint list Pirate Party and The Greens at the 2023 general election.</ref>	PPEU	PPI	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	PPvB	File:Logo Politieke Partij voor Basisinkomen.png	Political Party for Basic Income Template:Small	Universal basic income	Single-issue politics	Sepp Hannen	—	—	—
	TON	File:TROTS.svg	Proud of the Netherlands Template:Small	Conservative liberalism	Right-wing	Sander van den Raadt	—	—	—
	RSP	File:Revolutionair Socialistische Partij logo 2025 (red, without text).png	Revolutionary Socialist Party Template:Small	Socialism	Far-left	Gwildor Sok	—	—	—
	SPL		Splinter	Secularism	—	Femke Merel van Kooten	—	—	—
	DG	File:De Groenen logo.svg	The Greens Template:Small	Green politics	Centre-left	Mark van Treuren<ref name="Lead2 2023" />	—	—	—
	DFP	File:Partij van de Toekomst logo.svg	The Party Party Template:Small	Joke Party	Syncretic	Johan Vlemmix	—	—	—
	SvN		Together for the Netherlands Template:Small	Right-wing populism	Far-right	Michel Reijinga	—	—	—
	UCF		Ubuntu Connected Front	Ubuntuism	Centre-left	Regillio Vaarnold	—	—	—
	VCP	File:VCP logo.svg	United Communist Party Template:Small	Communism	Far-left	Engel Modderman	—	—	—
	VDR		vandeRegio	Regionalism	Centre	Sent Wierda	EFA	—	—

Regional and local political parties

European Netherlands

Regional parties

Political party				Active in	Seats in the prov. council	European affiliation
	FNP	File:FNP logo.png	Frisian National Party Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	EFA
	GB	File:Groninger Belang logo 01.png	Groninger Interest Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	—
	LB	File:Lokaal Brabant logo.png	Local Brabant Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	—
	LL	File:Lokaal-Limburg logo.png	Local Limburg Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	—
	PvhN		Party for the North Template:Small	Template:Flag Template:Flag Template:Flag	Groningen: Template:Composition bar	—
	PvZ	File:Partij voor Zeeland logo.png	Party for Zeeland Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	—
	PBF	File:Provinciaal Belang Fryslân logo.png	Template:Ill Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	—
	SLD	File:Sterk Lokaal Drenthe logo.jpg	Strong Local Drenthe Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	—
	SLF	File:Sterk Lokaal Flevoland logo.jpg	Template:Ill Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	—

Local parties

Party				Main ideology	Position
	Forza!	File:Forza! Nederland.svg	Forza! Netherlands Template:Small	Right-wing populism	Right-wing
	HvDH		Template:Ill Template:Small	Conservative liberalism	Right-wing
	LR	File:LeefbaarRotterdam.jpg	Livable Rotterdam Template:Small	Fortuynism	Right-wing
	VSP	File:Verenigde Senioren Partij.svg	List of United Seniors Party candidates in the 2006 Dutch general election Template:Small	Pensioners' interests	Single-issue politics

Water board parties

Political party				Main ideology	Position
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	AWP	File:AWP logo 2022.png	General Water Board Party Template:Small	Apoliticism	Syncretic
style="background:Template:Party color;" height="40px" |	WN	File:Water natuurlijk logo.jpg	Water Natuurlijk	Green politics	Centre-left

Defunct political parties

{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B=Template:AmboxTemplate:Main other }}

File:Evolution of Dutch political parties since 1888.svg

History and evolution of all Dutch political parties to ever have had seats in the House of Representatives.

List of parties that have participated in elections for the House or European Parliament since 1918.

Party	Ideology	Start	End	Max vote share	Template:Refh
Actie Bouwman		1934	1940	0.57	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
General Elderly Alliance {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1993		3.63
General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1904	1926	30.03
Article 50 {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		2012	2015	0.51
General Dutch Fascist League {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Fascism	1932	1934
Anti-Revolutionary Party {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1879	1980		<ref name="ARP 2021" />
Workers Party of the Netherlands {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Farmers' Party {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1958	1981	4.77
League of Christian Socialists {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
League of Free Liberals {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1906	1921
Centre Democrats {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1984	2002	2.46
Centre Party {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1980	1986	0.83
Centre Party '86 {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1986	1998	0.4Template:0
Christian Democratic Party {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Christian Democratic Union {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1926	1946	2.09
Christian Historical Union {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1908	1980
Christian Social Party {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1907	1926
Christian Historical Voters' League {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1897	1903
Christian Historical Party {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1903	1908
Communist Party of the Netherlands {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1901	1991	10.56
Democratic Party {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1921	1932
Democratic Socialists '70 {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1970	1983	5.33
Economic League {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1917	1921	3.11
Entrepreneurs' Party {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		2015	2019	0.12
Europe Transparent
Evangelical People's Party {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1981	1991	0.69
Fatherland League
List of Free and Social Netherlands candidates in the 2021 Dutch general election
Frisian League {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1898	1908
Reformed Political League {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1948	2003	1.77
{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1921	1946	1.06
Independent Socialist Party
Islam Democrats {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		2005		0.0	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Catholic National Party				2.71
Catholic People's Party		1945	1980	31.88
Communist Workers Organisation (Marxist–Leninist)
Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist) {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Communism	1964	1985	0.03
Independent Citizens' Party
Livable Netherlands {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1999	2007	1.61
Liberal State Party {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1921	1946	9.26
Liberal Party {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1922	1925
Liberal Union		1885	1921
Pim Fortuyn List {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		2002	2008	17.00
Ratelband List
Middle Party for City and Country
Middle Class Party
National Socialist Dutch Workers Party {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	National socialism	1931	1941	0.02
National Socialist Movement {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Fascism	1931	1945	4.22
Dutch Block
New Middle Party
Neutral Party
New National Party {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1998	2005
New Right {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		2003	2007
NIDA
New Ways {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}				0.14
Pacifist Socialist Party		1957	1991	3.03
Party of the Future			2021
Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom and Diversity		2006, 2020	2010, 2022
Freedom Party {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1946	1948	6.41
Party for Justice, Action and Progress
Peasants' League
Political Party of Radicals {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1968	1990	4.80
Progressive Integration Party
Radical League
Reformatory Political Federation		1975	2003
Roman Catholic Party of the Netherlands				0.92
Roman Catholic State Party		1926	1945	29.64
Social Democratic Workers' Party		1894	1946	23.81
Social Democratic League
Socialist Party
Union 55+
Alliance to Democratise the Forces				0.51
League of Communists in the Netherlands
Alliance for National Reconstruction {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1933	1941	0.8Template:0
VoorNederland		2014	2017	0.36
Free-minded Party
Free-thinking Democratic League {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1901	1946	9.06
Free Anti Revolutionary Party {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		1898	1903
Union of Actualists {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Actualism	1923	1928		citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See also

• Politics of the Netherlands
• List of ruling political parties by country
• Liberalism in the Netherlands
• Socialism in the Netherlands
• Christian democracy in the Netherlands
• Republicanism in the Netherlands
• Fascism in the Netherlands
• List of political parties in Aruba
• List of political parties in Curaçao
• List of political parties in Saba
• List of political parties in Sint Eustatius
• List of political parties in Sint Maarten

External links

• Documentation Centre for Dutch Political Parties (DNPP) at University of Groningen