Polyarny, Murmansk Oblast
Template:Short description Template:Other places3 Template:Infobox Russian inhabited locality Polyarny (Template:Langx) is a town and the administrative center of the closed administrative-territorial formation of Alexandrovsk in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, situated on the outermost western side of the Kola Bay. Population: Template:Ru-censusTemplate:Historical populations
It was previously known as Alexandrovsk (until 15 March 1926), Alexandrovskoye (until 11 March 1931),<ref name="ATSBook41" /> Polyarnoye (until 19 September 1939).<ref name="ATSBook53" /><ref name="Name2" />
History
It was founded in 1896 and named Alexandrovsk ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) in honor of Tsar Alexander III.<ref name="Name1">Official website of Polyarny. History of Polyarny, p. 5 Template:Webarchive Template:In lang</ref> Other sources, however, state that the original name was Alexandrovsk-na-Murmane ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), it was called so after Alexandra Fyodorovna, wife of Emperor Nicholas II, and did not become known as "Alexandrovsk" until later.<ref name="Pospelov">Pospelov, p. 26</ref>
Town status was granted to it on Template:OldStyleDateNY 1899.<ref name="ATSBook24">Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 24</ref> At the same time, Alexandrovsk became an uyezd town, for which reason Kolsky Uyezd was renamed Alexandrovsky.<ref name="ATSBook24" />
On 3 May 1920 the Alexandrovskaya Volost Executive Committee divided the territory of the volost into six selsoviets, including Alexandrovsky Selsoviet with the administrative center in Alexandrovsk.<ref name="ATSBook66">Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, pp. 66-67</ref> However, the Murmansky Uyezd Executive Committee's did not approve the creation of all six selsoviets, with Alexandrovsky Selsoviet being one which did not get an approval.<ref name="ATSBook66" />
On 16 October 1925, when the Murmansk Governorate Commission meeting initiated work on compiling lists of the urban and rural localities — Murmansk, Alexandrovsk, and Kola were categorized as urban; however, a recommendation was sent to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) to demote the latter two to rural localities due to economic conditions, sparse population, low trade volume, lack of industrial enterprises, and "general regression".<ref name="ATSBook31">Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, pp. 31–32</ref> On 9 January 1926 the assembly of the town residents created Alexandrovsky Selsoviet<ref name="ATSBook66" /> and on 15 March 1926, when the VTsIK approved the recommendation to demote the towns, Alexandrovsk and Kola were re-categorized as rural localities.<ref name="ATSBook31" /> At the same time the name was unofficially changed to Alexandrovskoye ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}).Template:Citation needed
On 12 January 1931 the Third Congress of the Soviets of Alexandrovsky District issued a resolution, renaming the district "Polyarny"; at the same time the village of Alexandrovskoye was renamed Polyarnoye ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}).<ref name="ATSBook41">Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 41</ref> On 5 March 1931 the new name of the district was approved by the administrative commission of the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee, and on 11 March 1931 by its Presidium.<ref name="ATSBook41" /> While the Presidium of the VTsIK never officially gave a final approval for this renaming, de facto the name has changed.<ref name="ATSBook41" />
In 1934, the Murmansk Okrug Executive Committee unsuccessfully petitioned to grant town status to Polyarnoye and to rename it Krasnoflotsk.<ref name="ATSBook47">Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 47</ref> Town status, however, was not granted to Polyarnoye until 19 September 1939, when it was at the same time renamed Polyarny.<ref name="ATSBook53">Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 53</ref><ref name="Name2">Official website of Polyarny. History of Polyarny, p. 9 Template:Webarchive Template:In lang</ref>
By the 14 June 1956 Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR, Polyarny was demoted in status to that of a town under district jurisdiction and subordinated to Polyarny District.<ref name="ATSBook55">Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 55</ref> By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 9 July 1960, Polyarny District was abolished and the town of Polyarny was administratively subordinated to Severomorsk.<ref name="Decree741_18">Decree #741/18</ref> Finally, by the 17 June 1983 Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR Decree, the town was elevated in status to that of a town under oblast jurisdiction, and by the 10 August 1983 Decision of the Murmansk Oblast Executive Committee, several inhabited localities previously subordinated to Severomorsk were transferred to it.<ref name="ATSBook57">Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, pp. 57–58</ref>
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Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Polyarny serves as the administrative center of the closed administrative-territorial formation of Alexandrovsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts—to which it is directly subordinated.<ref name="MurmanskO_adm">Law #96-01-ZMO</ref> Within the framework of municipal divisions, the town of Polyarny is a part of Alexandrovsk Urban Okrug.<ref name="Ref813">Law #530-01-ZMO</ref>
Military
Since the 1930s Polyarny has had naval significance.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Russian Shipyard Number 10 (Shkval) is located in Polyarny, and in the West is more often referred to by the name of the town than by its official name. As the first nuclear-powered submarines were delivered to the Northern Fleet at the end of the 1950s, the yard was modified for docking and repair of these vessels. As Soviet (and now Russian) naval nuclear vessels are decommissioned, they are laid up at Polyarny to await defuelling and disposal.
Honors
In a presidential decree dated 5 May 2008 the town of Polyarny was awarded the title of City of Military Glory.
In popular culture
In the Tom Clancy novel The Hunt for Red October, the experimental Typhoon-class nuclear submarine Red October departs on her voyage from Polyarny.
In the 2018 action thriller Hunter Killer, directed by Donovan Marsh, the main plot revolves around an attempted coup d'état against the Russian President while he is visiting a major Russian base of naval operations in Polyarny.
References
Notes
Sources
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- Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). "Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь." (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary.) Москва, "Русские словари", 1993.
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