Pope Stephen VI

Jean-Paul Laurens, Le Pape Formose et Étienne VI, 1870; Stephen (at left) accuses the corpse of his predecessor Formosus (seated right)

Pope Stephen VI (Template:Langx; died August 897) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 22 May 896 until his death in August 897. He is best known for instigating the Cadaver Synod, which ultimately led to his downfall and death.

Family and career

Stephen was born in Rome.<ref name="Britannica">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> His father was a priest named John. Stephen was made bishop of Anagni by Pope Formosus,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> possibly against his will.<ref>Mann, Horace. "Pope Stephen (VI) VII." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. Retrieved: 21 September 2017.</ref>

Pontificate

The circumstances of his election as pope are unclear, but he was sponsored by one of the powerful Roman families, the dukes of Spoleto, that contested the papacy at the time.

An earthquake severely damaged the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran during Stephen VI's tenure and the poor state of Papal finances meant that it was not repaired for years.Template:Sfn The structure was not repaired until the reign of Pope Sergius III.Template:Sfn

Stephen is chiefly remembered in connection with his conduct towards the remains of Pope Formosus. The rotting corpse of Formosus was exhumed and put on trial, before an unwilling synod of the Roman clergy, in the so-called Cadaver Synod in January 897. Pressure from the Spoleto contingent and Stephen's fury with Formosus probably precipitated this extraordinary event.<ref>Cummings, Joseph: "History's Great Untold Stories", page 14. National Geographic, 2006.</ref> With the corpse propped up on a throne, a deacon was appointed to answer for the deceased pontiff. During the trial, Formosus's corpse was condemned for performing the functions of a bishop when he had been deposed and for accepting the papacy while he was the bishop of Portus, among other revived charges that had been levelled against him in the strife during the pontificate of John VIII. The corpse was found guilty, stripped of its sacred vestments, deprived of three fingers of its right hand (the blessing fingers), clad in the garb of a layman, and quickly buried; it was then re-exhumed and thrown in the Tiber. All ordinations performed by Formosus were annulled.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The trial excited a tumult. Though the instigators of the deed may actually have been Formosus' Spoletan enemies, notably Guy IV of Spoleto, who had recovered their authority in Rome at the beginning of 897 by renouncing their broader claims in central Italy, the scandal ended in Stephen's imprisonment and his death by strangulation that summer.<ref name="O'Malley">O'Malley, John W., A History of the Popes, New York, Sheed & Ward, 2010, page 79.</ref>

See also

• List of popes who died violently
• The Bad Popes

Works cited

• Template:Cite book

Further reading

• Template:Cite book
• Jégou, Laurent (2015). "Compétition autour d'un cadavre. Le procès du Pape Formose et ses enjeux (896-904)." Template:In lang Revue Historique vol. 317, no. 3 (675), 2015, pp. 499–523. Accessed 11 April 2020.
• Leyser, Conrad (2010). "Episcopal Office in the Italy of Liudprand of Cremona, C.890-c.970." The English Historical Review 125, no. 515 (2010), pp. 795–817, at pp. 800–802; 811–813. Accessed 11 April 2020.
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Di Vito Loré, Marina C. Sarramia (2019). "Stefano VI, papa." Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Template:In lang Volume 94 (Treccani: 2019).

External links

• Letters and Privileges A complete (albeit AI-assisted) English translation of Pope Stephen VI's Epistolae et Privilegia.